Sakura Passion

Sakura ndi chizindikiro chakale cha Japan. Nthawi yamaluwa ake okongola kutanthauza kutuluka kwa masika ndipo chaka chilichonse kumachitika chikondwerero cha Land of the Rising Sun. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chitumbuwa cha ku Japan. Kodi izi ndi zowona? M'malo mwake, sakura ndiye palimodzi, dzina la munda wamitundu yokhayokha pamitundu ingapo ya East Asia, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi maluwa awiriawiri.

Maluwa enieni a chitumbuwa
Adapereka utoto wawo ku Nightingale Voices.
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Saigyo

Koma kwa sakura "mosavuta" amatanthauza mitundu yokongoletsera yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi mitunduyo osati yamatcheri okha, komanso ma plums, mwakufuna kapena mosaganizira za kuchuluka komwe kukufunikira kwa Far East. Mwa njira, mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa a terry imadziwikanso pakati pamatcheri okoma. Kupambana komweku, ma alimondi okhala ndi mitengo itatu yochokera ku China amatha kuwerengedwa ndi sakura. Kusokonezeka koteroko kumasokoneza alimi, kuwalepheretsa kusankha koyenera. Ogulitsa mbewu, omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwa ngati mitundu yomwe apereka ndi yoyenera pamalowo, amathandizanso kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta.

Sakura, Cherry yaying'ono (Sakura) © Tobias Wolter

Platus plums, mapichesi, yamatcheri, ma amondi ndi mitengo yamtengo wamtchire amaphatikizidwa kukhala mtundu umodzi wa Prunus ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "prunuse" m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka osaganizira kuti "prunus" akadali "maula".

Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezeka kuti ma cherries ayenera kusiyanitsidwa momveka bwino. Chifukwa chake, iwo mosiyana amalingalira mtundu wama microcherry, omwe amaphatikiza ndi chitumbuwa chodziwika bwino, Bessey, glandular. Ndiye chomaliza, osati sakura konse, chotchedwa chitumbuwa cha ku Japan. Amasiyanitsanso mtundu wamatcheri wamba, omwe, mwatsoka, sagwirizana ndi nyimbo za scion-chitsa (zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kufalitsa mbewu yomwe akufuna kudziwa).

Amakhala ndimatcheri, ndipo makamaka gawo lophatikizika la East Asia, timachita chidwi ndi komwe sakura adachokera.

Sakura, Cherry yaying'ono © Tobias Wolter

Mitengo yambiri ya sakura ndi yamtundu wa serratus chitumbuwa, kapena acutifolia (Cerasus serrulata, komwe kuli kwina - Prunus serrulata). Mwachilengedwe, mtengo umakhala wokwera mpaka mamita 25. Masamba ake akuluakulu mu kugwa amasintha kukhala amtundu wakuda, nthawi zina amakhala ofanana ndi bulauni. Maluwa 7-9 mu bulashi yaying'ono yotayirira mpaka 5 cm.Maluwa amtundu wosiyanasiyana amachitika kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Juni.

Pali mtundu wokhala ndi dzina lofanana lachi Latin lofanana ndi Prunus serrula (m'mabuku akunja), kapena, ndendende, Padus serrulata, chitumbu cha mbalame za ku Tibet, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi sakura, zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mtundu wamtundu wowoneka bwino wa makungwa.

Sakura, Cherry yaying'ono © Kropsoq

Mtundu wina waku Far East ndi wofanana ndi spiky chitumbuwa - Sakhalin Cher (Cerasus sachalinensis). Oimira ake ali ponseponse mu Primorsky Territory, ku Sakhalin, zisumbu za Underer Kuril Ridge ndi zilumba zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Japan. Mwachilengedwe, mitengo imakhala yokwana 8 m ndipo ndi thunthu wofiira lalanje ndi masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira ofanana ndi masamba a chitumbuwa.

Kukula kwakukulu, mpaka 4 cm, maluwa pinki. Ndizofunikira kwambiri koyambirira kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo ngati apurikoti, maluwa, komanso kuthekera kolimba kuzizira kwadzikoli mpaka mphindi 45-50 °. Pakati pazabwino zake titha kudziwa chifukwa chokana cococycosis ndi klyasterosporioz, kukula kokhwima, masamba owoneka bwino kwambiri, masamba achikasu apinki. Kutengera mtunduwu, kumalo ophunzitsira aku Crimea oyesa kubereka a VIR ku Krasnodar Territory, mitundu yamtengo wapatali idadziwika: Rozanna, Kunashir No. 23, Kiparisova, kulonjeza kuyesedwa madera ena akumpoto.

Analogue ya Sakhalin yamatcheri ochokera kwina ndi chitumbuwa cha Sargent. Zikuwoneka kuti izi ndi zamtundu womwewo.

Sakura, Cherry yaying'ono © Jean-Pol GRANDMONT

Ndipo pamapeto pake, mtundu wachitatu, womwe umagwirizana ndi makolo a sakura, ndi wokulira wopanda zipatso (Cerasus subhirtella). Mtengowu umachokera kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 7 (10), wokhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri okhala ndi maluwa ofiirira. Pamaziko ake mitundu "Autamnalis Rosea", "Autamnalis", "Fukubana", "Pendula", "Plena" wokhala ndi maluwa apinki adalekanitsidwa.

Mitundu yamakono ya sakura yapangidwa kale pamaziko a interspecific mitanda yophatikizira yamatcheri amadoensis (Cerasus yedoensis), anise (C. incisa), lannesiana (C. lannesiana). Mwachitsanzo zitha kukhala mitundu: "Spire" - wosakanizidwa wa Incis ndi Sargent yamatcheri, "Shidare Yoshino" wokhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera, onse omwe amalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka 29 °. "Hally Tolivett" - wosakanizidwa wophatikizidwa pakati pa yamatcheri ndi Yedoensis yamatchu (C. subhirtella x C. yedoensis) x C. yedoensis - kwambiri. Uwu ndi mtengo wapakatikati wokhala ndi korona wozungulira. Maluwa ndi pinki, mpaka mainchesi 4, osakhala pawiri, omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence 8-10 cm. Amasindikizidwa bwino ndi kudulidwa kobiriwira.

Mitengo ingapo yokongola ya sakura idadziwika ndi obereketsa ochokera kumayiko ena kutengera mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya acutifolia. Mtunduwu wavomerezedwa ndi mitundu ya a Kwanzan, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Sekiyama, Hisakura, NewRed, Kirin, Naden. Maluwa ake amapakidwa utoto wofiirira ndipo pamakhala mitundu 30. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti sizikhala ndi moyo wautali.

Mtundu wina - "Аnogawa" - ndi mtengo wochepetsetsa, wotalika 1.25 m mulitali ndi 8 m kutalika, ukutulutsa maluwa onunkhira bwino, osakhala ndi maluwa ofiira a pinki.

"Shiro-fugen" amakopa ndi zoyera, pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zoyera-pinki, zamitundu iwiri.

Mtengo wawung'ono mpaka 4.5m kutalika kwa mitundu ya Shirotae (Mount Fuji - Mount Fuji) ndi woimira wamba wa sato-sakura, kapena "cherries m'mudzi."

Zosiyanasiyana zoyera zokhazikika, mpaka masentimita 6, maluwa osakhala awiri "Tai Haku" adapezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XX m'munda umodzi wachingelezi kenako adapangidwanso ku Japan.

"Chikushidare-zakura" wosaiwalika, wamtali, wamkulu, mpaka 6 masentimita, maluwa awiri apinki.

Tsoka ilo, mitundu yonse yamatchuthi a acutifolia amalimbana ndi chisanu kungoyambira 29 °, kenako osakhalitsa.