Banja la peony limaphatikizapo mbewu zambiri zosangalatsa. Peony ya mitengo idayamikiridwa kuyambira kalekale ndi akatswiri. Chomera cha theka-shrub ichi chimamera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chomwe chimaposa mitundu 480 ndi ma hybrids. Inayamba ku China, pomwe nthawi zambiri mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi idadulidwa. Koma pang'onopang'ono, alimi a maluwa aku Japan nawonso adalowa nawo.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, mtengo wofanana ndi mtengo udatchuka kwambiri ku Europe kotero kuti udayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu khalani ogulitsakomanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Lero ndikosavuta kukulitsa msambo wa mitengo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula mmera. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse chisankho choyenera ndikugula malo osungirako maluwa, chifukwa samaperekedwa nthawi zambiri, ndipo ngati abwera, amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa Mtengo
Chithunzi cha chitsamba ichi sichimapereka chithunzi cha mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake ayenera kuyang'anira mwapadera.
Pansi pazachilengedwe, peonies amakula ngati mawonekedwe shrubu wautali wa 1.5-2 mita, pomwe kuwala kokhazikika kwamtambo kumapangidwa. Popita nthawi, mphukira zimachuluka, chifukwa chake zimatengera mawonekedwe a hemispher. Mkulu, peony imakhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino amisili. Maluwa a chomera chomwe chimakongoletsa malekezero a mphukira ndi akulu kwambiri, amafikira mainchesi 13 mpaka 22 22. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala wapadera, womwe umadziwonetsa mumitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, lero mutha kupeza mbewu zamtundu wosiyana kwambiri - chikasu, rasipiberi, zoyera kapena zapinki. Amatha kusiyananso ndi kapangidwe kake: Maluwa amatha kukhala awiri, theka komanso osavuta. Pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa amitundu iwiri. Mtengowo ukakulirakulira, ndiye kuti maluwa ambiri amawonjezeka. Imalowa m'magawo masabata awiri m'mbuyomu, mosiyana ndi udzu, imasiyananso ndi chisanu.
Kulima mitengo
Chomera ichi sichimayambitsa vuto lililonse mu chisamaliro, kotero mutha kuchilimitsa kunyumba, ngakhale popanda maluso apadera. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho chimodzimodzi kutsatira malamulo aulimi:
Nthawi yabwino kubzala peony yamtengo ndikutha chilimwe kapena chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa malo omwe amafikira. Ndikofunika kusankha malo omwe amakhala paphiri, owala bwino ndi dzuwa, kutali ndi mitengo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingapangitse mthunzi womwe umakhala wovulaza ku shrub;- tsamba la mitengo limamera ndipo limaphuka bwino panthaka zovutirapo. Itha kubzalidwe panthaka yamchenga, koma pofunika kusintha nthaka, momwe dothi, sod, peat ndi humus dothi limawonjezedwamo. Mutha kuthandizanso dongo labwino ngati muwonjezerapo kanthu kena ndi mchenga;
- Zofunikira pakukula kwa zipatso za mitengo ndikusankha koyenera kubzala, komanso mtundu wa nthaka. Mukamatsatira malingaliro onse ofunikira, izi zitsimikizira kukula bwino, kukula ndi kutalika kwa mbewu. Pankhani imeneyi, mfundo yofunika ikhoza kutchulidwa: kukulira peony ya mtengo pamalo amodzi osasinthika kwa zaka 100;
- Kukonzekera kwina kuyenera kuchitika ngati peony yonga mtengo ibzalidwe mu tsamba lomwe lili ndi madzi ochepa pansi. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuya ndi kupingasa kwa dzenje kufika 70 cm.Chidikha chadzala ndizofunikira, kuti apange pansi pomwe dzenjelo limadzaza njerwa, miyala kapena miyala yosalala yokhala ndi masentimita 30;
- mitengoyo imangokhala ngati mtengo. Amathetsa vutoli mwakuwonjezera dothi, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wobwezeretsa mulingo wa acid. Onjezani 300 gr ku dzenje. zinthu, ndikuyanthira dothi ndikuthira pamwambapo, ndipo chomerapo kale. Pakubzala, ndikofunikira kupatsa mizu ya mtengo peony ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuthirira. Chinyezi chikanyowetsedwa, dothi limathiridwa pamwambapa kuti ligwirizane ndi khosi lamizu ndi pansi. Pobzala magulu, mbewu siziyenera kuyandikirana pafupi ndi mamita awiri.
Nthawi yabwino kubzala peony yamtengo ndikutha chilimwe kapena chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa malo omwe amafikira. Ndikofunika kusankha malo omwe amakhala paphiri, owala bwino ndi dzuwa, kutali ndi mitengo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingapangitse mthunzi womwe umakhala wovulaza ku shrub;Kuthirira
Potengera chomera ichi, zinthu zomwezi zimachitidwa monga momwe zimachitikira ndi udzu wa peony. Kulima kumapereka kuthirira nthawi zonsekumasula dothi komanso kuchotsa kwa udzu. Peony ya mtengo ndiyokwanira kuthirira kawiri pamwezi. Osachepera malita 7-8 a madzi amayenera kudyedwa pachomera chilichonse.
M'chilimwe, pafupipafupi kuthirira kumakulitsidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, kufunika kwa chinyezi mumtengo ngati peony kumachepa, kotero kuthirira kumachitika osati nthawi zambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuwachepetsa. Mumasule dothi lililonse patadutsa masiku awiri mutathirira, pomwe pamwamba pamauma. Mukalimidwa, kuya kolowera sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 5. Pakulima kalikonse, dothi limakutidwa ndi dothi la humus.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kusamalidwa bwino kwa peony ya mtengo kumapereka feteleza wokhazikika. Kufunika kwambiri kwa mbewuyi potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni. Ndikofunikira kuchita kuvala kwapamwamba ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi nayitrogeni koyambirira kwam'mawa, pomwe pe-yokhala ngati mtengo imayamba kukula. Pambuyo pake, feteleza amasinthidwa kukhala phosphorous-potashi, zomwe mmera umafunikira kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira.
Nthawi ya maluwa, feteleza wolemera mu phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, komanso zokonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, ziyenera kuyikidwa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri ndi chomaliza, popeza ndizovuta kwambiri mu dothi izisiabwino, koma kuvulaza kwa mbewu. Izi ndizowopsa chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa imvi. Pofuna kupewa zinthu zosasangalatsa zoterezi, ndikofunikira kutsatira lamulo: ndibwino kuti muchepetse kuposa kunenepa. Ndikofunikanso kuteteza mizu kuti isayake. Pachifukwa ichi, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika pokhapokha kuthirira dothi.
Kudulira
Mndandanda wazomwe zimakakamiza kusamalira peony yamtengo umaphatikizapo kudulira. Ziyenera kuchitika m'masabata oyambilira a masika nthawi yamasika isanayambe. Munthawi imeneyi, nthambi zonse zouma ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mphukira zakale ziyenera kudulidwa mpaka 10 cm.
Ku China, alimi am'deralo amachita odulira okalamba ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi zaka khumi. Chofunikira chake ndikudula mphukira pafupifupi mpaka pansi. Chifukwa cha opaleshoni iyi, njira ya impso yatsopano imayambitsidwa. Kukonzekeretsa mtengo kuti udutse maluwa ambiri nyengo yotsatirayo, ndikofunikira kucheka mphukira kumtunda wokulirapo. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisanyalanyaze kudulira, popeza kukula kwathunthu ndi nyengo ya chomera zimatengera kugwira ntchito.
Thirani
Mukamasamalira peonies yamtengo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti amafunika kumuyika nthawi zonse. Komabe, pakuchita opareshoni muyenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa ndi kwambiri kuvulaza mbewu. Kwa peonies ambiri, kusinthanitsa kumakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri kotero kuti pamapeto pake amadwala ndipo sangathe kuchira pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
- pobereka, muyenera kuyesetsa kuchita chilichonse mosamala kuti musavulaze mizu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chitsamba pamodzi ndi mtanda wanthaka, ndi dothi lowonjezera limachotsedwa pansi pa madzi;
- musanagule, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mizu - ngati mizu yowola ndi yowonongeka ipezeka, iyenera kuchotsedwa;
- malo odulira ayimbidwe ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, owuma ndikugwiritsa ntchito ufa wochepa wa malasha.
Kuswana
Kubala peony yamtengo, mutha gwiritsani ntchito imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi:
- kugawanika kwa mpweya;
- kufalitsa ndi odulidwa;
- kubala mwa kuyala.
Palinso olima maluwa omwe amachita njira yolumikizira.
Gawoli
Pofalitsa mtengo peony mwanjira iyi, mutakumba chitsamba, ndikofunikira kuchigawa m'magawo, chilichonse chomwe chimayenera kukhala ndi masamba angapo. Thumbo loyambira litayikidwa mu dongo kwa theka la ora, ndipo atatha kuikidwa mu dothi. Njira iyi imapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopulumuka pokhapokha ngati pakugwiritsa ntchito kubereka Zaka 5 zakubadwa. Kubzala iwo akulimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Pambuyo pake, ntchito zomwezo zosamalira zimachitika monga zomera zazikulu.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kubala mitengo yaminga m'njira imeneyi kumalimbikitsidwa pakati pa chilimwe. Pachifukwa ichi, chitsamba chathanzi chimasankhidwa, pomwe mphukira zotsika zimadulidwa, kukhala ndi mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi. Asanatumizire phesi pansi, pepalalo lomwe ali nalo liyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi theka. Monga zosakaniza dothi, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku peat ndi mchenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zidula zimamizidwa mmenemo 2 cm.
Mizu imatha kuthamanga ngati zodulidwa zili mchombo pansi pa kanema kapena galasi lowonekera, lomwe imapereka wowonjezera kutentha mkati. Pa nthawi iyi ya kufalitsa podzidulira, ndikofunikira kuchita mpweya wokwanira komanso kuthirira. Pansi pa zinthu ngati izi, iwo amakula kwa miyezi 2,5, kenako ndikuziika m'zotengera zomwe zimasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha mpaka kasupe. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kukula kwa mtengo wa peony, mutha kuyang'ana malo oti udzagulitsidwe poyambira.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Nthawi yomweyo muyenera kukonzekera mfundo yoti kukula mbande za mtengo peony mwanjira imeneyi kudzafunika nthawi yambiri komanso khama. Monga lamulo, chochitika ichi chimatenga zaka zosachepera ziwiri.
Zigawo zimakololedwa mu kasupe, pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi zamtundu wathanzi komanso zamphamvu ngati chodzala. Iliyonse muyenera kuyikira pansi. Malo aliwonse pokonzekera kukula akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito patsamba lachiwonetsero. Chofunika kwambiri nthambi yotseka, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kuyika msomali kuti uwonongeke. Kupatula apo, matayiridwewo amakumbidwa, ndikudzaza malowo ndi nthaka ndi mainchesi 10. M'tsogolomo, chisamaliro cha magonedwe chimachepetsedwa kuthirira nthawi zonse. Nthambi zikayamba kuzika, tsiku labwino limasankhidwa kumayambiriro yophukira ndipo mmera umasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba, pambuyo pake amakafunafuna malo okhazikika.
Olimi odziwa zamaluwa nthawi zambiri amachita njira yolerera peonies ndi chidendene. Koma zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa mbande zomwe zakhala ndi chochepa kwambiri. Adalandira gawo lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zonse zikafunika kufalitsa maluwa ambiri. Komabe, njirayi yatsimikizira kuti ikugwira ntchito pazomera zamaluwa.
Chinsinsi cha njirayo kubzala mbewu pamizu ya pez udzu. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi kudulidwa kwa mtengo peony, momwe impso zingapo ziyenera kupezekapo. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera mphukira mwapadera: gawo lawo lam'munsi liyenera kukulitsidwa, ndikuyika, ndikuyiyika, yomwe idapangidwa kale pamzu wa udzu. Kenako, malo omwe kudula kulumikizana, ndikofunikira kukulunga ndi polyethylene.
Mukalumikiza, mbewu zimayenera kuyikidwa mu chidebe chodzazidwa ndi utuchi, ndikuziyika pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga mwezi umodzi kuti muzu. Pakadali pano, mphukira zimayikidwa mu chidebe chimodzi, pomwe nthambi yotsikayo iyenera kuyikidwa pansi ndi masentimita 56. Chifukwa chodzala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwanyengo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira pofalitsa tsamba la mitengo, muyenera kudikirira zaka 1.5-2 kuti iyambe kukula.
Pomaliza
Peony yamtengo ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Chomera chimadzalidwa m'minda osati mwamwayi, chifukwa chimawoneka bwino. Komabe, kusunga kukongola kwa mbewuyi sikophweka, monga momwe kumakhalira duwa lokongola la moodyzofuna kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofunika zina. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwadziwa bwino kuti mukhale ndi lingaliro lamavuto omwe wolima mundawo akukumana nawo.
