Palm cariota - "mchira" wodziwika bwino

Chimodzi mwazithunzi zachilendo zamkati - karyota imatha kudzitamandira ndi masamba oyambira masamba ndi korona wodabwitsa, wopatsa chidwi, wokongola. Ndipo ngakhale kukongola uku, komwe nkosavuta kusiyanitsa ndikuyimira wina wa mitengo ya kanjedza, sikungathe kuwala ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yapadera, izi sizikulepheretsa karyote kusunga mutu wa imodzi mwa zimphona zowoneka bwino komanso zamkati. Kukula chomera ndichosavuta. Zovuta zimatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati pali chinyezi chokwanira chamtundu wa kanjedza. Kupanda kutero, kusamalira chomera sikungafunike nzeru zilizonse. Ndipo achikulire akadzakhala, vuto lingakhalepo.

Cariota ndi wachifundo kapena wofewa (Caryota mitis). © anolba

"Nsomba" amadyera karyoty

Kusazolowereka kwa ma karyotes kumawonekera ngakhale patali. Koma masamba apadera omwe ali ndi mtengo wa mgwalangwa amatha kudzitamandira ndi mphamvu zapadera pafupi, pomwe mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwamasamba masamba amawululira kwathunthu mawonekedwe a asymmetry, omwe ndi osamveka komanso opatsa chidwi kwa oimira banja la kanjedza. Karioti ndi anthu okhala kudera lotentha kwambiri amene amakonda malo achinyezi. Koma mawonekedwe awo apamwamba nthawi imodzi amakhalabe opirira, opanda chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a masamba: mawonekedwe a mtengo wa kanjedza ndiwopadera kwambiri.

Izi ndi zobiriwira nthawi zonse, zoyimiriridwa kokha ndi mbewu zazikulu za mitengo ya kanjedza, yomwe mwachilengedwe imatha kufikira mamitala, ndipo mu chikhalidwe cham'chipinda amakhala ochepa mpaka 1.5-2 m kutalika. Magalimoto amatha kukula ngati mtengo wamtengo umodzi, ndikuyamba kukhala ngati mitengo yobiriwira yopanda mitengo ingapo, ndikupanga nthawi yayitali. Masamba amapindika pawiri komanso lalikulu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kanjedza ndichomwe chimapanga masamba. Masamba okongola bwino sakukopeka ndi ma loboti apakale, koma ndi nthenga zazitali - asymmetric, wedge wedges, momwe zomwe zimachotseredwa, ngati kuti zimang'ambika. Makona atatu osakhazikika omwe ali ndi m'mbali mwa "kung'ambika" ndi mapangidwe osasiyanika amawoneka kuti alibe mphamvu, akunjenjemera komanso opepuka chifukwa cha anthu ataliatali okwanira. Ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa maluwa a cariota m'chipinda; amadziwika kuti ndi malo osungika ngakhale pang'ono. Mwachilengedwe, maluwa amatuluka osachepera zaka khumi ndipo amatenga zaka 5-7 zokha, koma mosalekeza. Zowona, maluwa a karyota amatulutsa m'malo otentha kwambiri. Mitengo yanthete yama inflorescence imawoneka zachilendo chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi mazana a nthambi zobowola, zomwe zimakumbukira mawonekedwe a michira ya akavalo. Ma inflorescence amakula m'mizere ya masamba kuchokera pamwamba pa korona mpaka pomwepo, ndikuwonekera koyamba m'makwerero a masamba apamwamba, kenako pang'onopang'ono funde loyenda limatsika. Nthawi yomweyo, pansi pa mtengo wa kanjedza limamasula, zipatso zake zikukula kale. Chofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu ndikufa mphukira mutatha kuphukira. Mitengo ya achikulire yomwe ili ndi thunthu limodzi imafa kwathunthu, ndipo mitundu yamtchire ya karyotes imayambiranso chifukwa cha njira zoyambira. Mkati, zipatsozo zimabisalira makhiristo ooneka ngati singano, osasangalatsa kukhudza ndipo amatha kusiya kuwonongeka pakhungu.

Cariota. © jardineiro2

Karyota (Caryota- - chamtchire chamtchire, kuti musokonezeke mwanjira zosiyanasiyana zomwe ndizosatheka. Popeza mbewuzi zimakonda kubadwa mosiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kudziwa kuti ndi cariota uti amene wakuwoneka bwino m'chilengedwe. Chifukwa, ngakhale zili choncho kuti mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma karyotes, onse ndi ofanana kwambiri mwakuti mawonekedwe apadera ndi dzina linalake silofunika, ngakhale zofunikira pazofunikira ndizofanana. Koma mchipinda mchipinda chosiyana ndichowona. Mwa mitundu yonse yazachilengedwe yamakalata m'chipinda, awiri okha ndi omwe anali ofala, ndipo ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa:

1. Cariota ithenda, kapena zofewa (Caryota mitis) - Zomera zopangidwa mosiyanasiyana zomwe mwachilengedwe zimatha kukula mpaka 9 m, ndipo m'chipinda cham'chipinda chimangokhala kutalika kwa 1.5 m, koma kukhalabe ndi kutalika kwake, makamaka kukula. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, karyota iyi imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupeza mbewu zatsopano podzilekanitsa. Masamba a kanjedza ndi okulirapo, osapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, ali ndi loboti yolimba komanso yolowera mbali imodzi. Tsamba lililonse lopindika limafikira 12 cm mulifupi ndipo limangokulirapo pang'ono. Zidutswa kuyambira 30 mpaka 50 cm ndizitali kwambiri. Tsinde la inflorescence ndi 60 cm, zipatso zofiira zimazunguliridwa, pafupifupi 1 cm.
2. Cariota kuyaka, kapena kanjedza chamvinyo (Caryota urens) - Mitengo ya kanjedza imodzi yokhala ndi masamba asymmetric tsamba lobes, komanso masamba ophatikizika ndi masamba pang'ono owonda. Ma inflorescence opindika otambalala ndi amphamvu, mwachilengedwe amatha kufikira mamitala angapo. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu komanso zofiira.

Kusamalira Nyumba

Bushy, womera kwambiri, wokhala ndi masamba oyamba, mawonekedwe ake ndipo akufanana ndi michira ya nsomba, karyota moyenerera adayenera kukhala ndi mutu wapamwamba. Khalidwe lake ndilosiyana ndi abale ake. Mwachilengedwe, chomera chodabwitsa kukhala chosavuta kusintha sichimasintha mawonekedwe mumaphika ndi chikhalidwe chachipinda, chosangalatsa ndi kudzipereka kwake komanso kupirira. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri, karyota imakondwera kwambiri ndi nyengo yachisanu yotentha ndipo imatha kukhululukiranso zina zomwe zasowa posamalira. Chokhacho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri ndizoyendetsa mlengalenga komanso pansi. Koma kukulitsa karyota sikovuta konse, ngakhale ngati ulibe luso lambiri. Komanso, mtengo wa kanjedza uwu umakupatsani mwayi wopezera mbewu zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamasamba ndipo ndizosavuta kubereka.

Kuyaka kwa Kariota, kapena Wine kanjedza (Caryota urens). © Guilherme Reisdorfer

Kuyatsa kwa Cariota

Kariota ndi wamtundu wa mitengo ya kanjedza, koma osati yazomera kwambiri. Malo omwe ali ndi dzuwa amatsogolera kuvulala koopsa ndikuwotcha, kotero kukongola kumeneku kumatha kumakula pokhapokha kuyatsa magetsi. Dzuwa mwachindunji zitha kukhala zovulaza kwa mbewu m'chilimwe. Pazenera lakumwera, karyote siziwonetsedwa pawindo, koma mkati, kapena chophimba chamithunzi chimaperekedwa mwapadera. Koma pazenera lakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo, mtengo wa kanjedza umakhala wabwino kwambiri. Mukayika karyota, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti sakonda kutenthedwa kwa mizu ndipo amakonda kuyikidwa pansi kapena pazitsulo zochepa - kotero kuti kuunikirako kumawongoleredwa kuchokera kumwamba (koma chosafunikira sichotsutsa). Tsoka ilo, kukongola uku sikungakhale ndi mthunzi pang'ono, pansi pa kuyatsa kulikonse kosakwanira, kumachepetsa kukula ndikuchepa kukopa kwake.

Kutentha kosangalatsa

Malo okhala, omasuka kwa munthu, ndi abwino kwa kanjedza. Kariota, mosiyana ndi ambiri omwe amagwira nawo ntchito kuchokera ku kanjedza, safuna kuzizirira komanso kuzizira kwambiri mpaka kutentha kwina mpaka madigiri 18. Kutentha kochepa m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira kumatha kupangitsa kuti mbewu zife. Koma malo otentha ndi otentha ndioyenereranso mgwalangwa. Koma posankha zomwe zikulamulidwa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, ndikofunika kwakukulu karyota mu chinyezi chake chambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro kuyambira madigiri 22 mpaka 24 zimawerengedwa ngati mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamatenda.

Mtengo wa mgwalangwa, mosiyana ndi ena onse, suyankha bwino pakukhala panja. Kariota sakonda kukonzekera komanso kusintha kwakanthaŵi muulamuliro wamndende. Kwa "mchira wa nsomba" ndibwino kusankha malo okhala ndi kuyatsa kwakukhazikika ndi kutentha muzipinda. Ndipo kukula kwakukulu kwa mitengo ya kanjedza sikukulola kuti iziyenda nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mungatengeke kupita ku mtunda, kukhonde kapena ku dimba, karyota imatha kudwala tizirombo ndi kukonzekera.

Cariota ndi wachifundo kapena wofewa (Caryota mitis). © anolba

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Ulamuliro wa chinyezi cha dothi la karyota ndiosavuta kusankha. Chomera chimayenera kuperekedwa ndi malo osasunthika momwe ndingathere ndi chinyezi chamtundu wa pansi. Kariota sakonda kuthilira madzi kapena kuwumitsa nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, izi nthawi zonse zimatsogolera pakuwonongeka pang'ono kwamasamba ndikuvulaza kwambiri kanjedza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musalole kuyanika kwathunthu kwa gawo lapansi la karyota. Kuthirira mbewu mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe kumachitika mwachangu, kulola dothi kuti liume kokha kumtunda. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, karyota imasamutsidwira ku boma lothirira madzi ambiri, ndikuchita zomwezi pokhapokha patadutsa masentimita 3-5 pamalowo. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mosasamala nthawi ya chaka, ndikofunikira kuti muthetse madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera m'matumba nthawi yomweyo.

Chinyezi chachikulu ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chingapangitse mavuto pakukulitsa kanjedza. Popeza karyota amakonda malo achinyezi, ndikofunikira kuti iye azichita mosalekeza kuti awonjezere zizindikiro wamba zamkati. Koma simuyenera kuthamangira kukhazikitsa zida zogwiritsa ntchito zamafuta. Kariota ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi koma chosangalatsa ndipo chitha kukhala chokhutira ndi kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse. Kukhazikitsa kwa akatswiri opanga maukonde (ma pallet) pazomera zazikuluzikulu sizothandiza. Kuphatikiza pa kupopera, mtengo wa kanjedza uwu umakonda ndikupukutira kosalekeza masamba a masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa kuti uchotse fumbi.

Ndipo kuthirira, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okhazikika. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira, mukuyeneranso kuwongolera kutentha. Kariota amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pa madigiri 20 mpaka 25 Celsius pochita izi.

Zakudya za ku Cariota

Zomera zimafunikira feteleza makamaka mchaka ndi chirimwe. Komanso, pafupipafupi njira - pafupifupi kawiri pamwezi - ndizofanana. Chokhacho chofunikira kulabadira mwapadera ndi kusankha mtundu wa feteleza. Kwa karyota, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosakanikirana wina ndi umodzi wa mitengo ya kanjedza, m'malo mwa feteleza waponseponse. Kwa karyotes, micronutrient okhutira ndi michere yazofunikira ndizofunikira kwambiri. Boron, fluorine, calcium, nayitrogeni, mkuwa, manganese ndi zinthu zina zambiri za chomera ndizofunikira chimodzimodzi, kusowa kapena kuchulukirapo kwa zinthu izi kumatha kubweretsa kuphwanya kwakukulu pakukula kwa mitengo ya kanjedza. Chifukwa chake, kwa karyota, ndibwino kusankha feteleza wopangidwira mitengo ya kanjedza komanso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, mtengo wa kanjedza uwu sukudyetsedwa. Njira zachabe za karyote sizoyenera, komanso feteleza wosakhalitsa.

Kulumikizidwa kwa karyotes. © Alejandro Bayer

Thirani ndi gawo lapansi

Kwa cariota, gawo lililonse lapamwamba kwambiri lazomera zamkati ndizoyenera. M'malo mwake, mtengowu sukulira ku dothi, bola ungakhale ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi madzi, ungathe kupirira pafupifupi dothi lililonse. Gawo lokonzedwa lopangidwa ndi mitengo ya kanjedza limawonedwa kuti ndi labwino popanga, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kusakanikirana kwa dothi ladziko lonse ndikudziyimira pawokha posakaniza dothi losakanikirana ndi sod, mchenga, humus ndi kompositi m'malo ofanana.
Zida za ma karyotes ziyeneranso kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri. Mtunduwu umapangika nthawi zonse muzotengera zomwe kutalika kwake kupitilira m'lifupi mwake (ndipo izi ngakhale akuwonjezeka ma barrel karyotes ali ndendende). Mtengo wa mgwalawu uli ndi mizu yamiyala yamphamvu komanso yolimba kwambiri yomwe imafuna kuti dothi laulere lipezeke. Kuthekera kumawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5 poyerekeza ndi wina wakale.

Kubzala mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha pakufunika. Kariota amakonda kupitilira ngakhale paubwana ndi pafupipafupi nthawi 1 mu zaka 2, ndipo ndikwabwino kuti ndikusintha zitsanzo zakale ndi zosakwanira zaka 3-4. Nthawi yomweyo, kwa karyota ndikofunikira kuchita transshipment ndikusunga kwathunthu kwathunthu kwa dothi lakale (ndikothekera kuchotsa kokha dothi lovunda, poyesa kuti musakhudze mizu). Kuvulala kwa nthangala za mtengo wa mgwalangwa izi zitha kupangitsa mbewuyo kufa. Mukaziika pansi pa thanki, muyenera kuyika ngalande yamphamvu.

Matenda a cariot ndi tizirombo

Simungatchule kuti kariotou ngati chomera chosawonongeka, koma nthawi zambiri mavuto amabwera chifukwa chophwanya chisamaliro. Chingwechi nthawi zambiri chimakhudzidwa ndi mealybugs, nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mawanga ndi zowola zosiyanasiyana. Chiwopsezo cha ma karyotes ndi mitundu ina ya zilonda, kuphatikizira mochedwa blight ndi fusarium. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zotupa zilizonse pazomera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizidwira, kukonza mosamalitsa momwe zingafunikire kapena kusamalidwa, kutsuka masamba a chomera ndi sopo ndi madzi, kutembenukira ku infusions wazachilengedwe ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka. Mofanananso ndi njira zachilendo, muyenera kuyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi tizirombo kapena fungicides.

Cariota ndi wachifundo kapena wofewa (Caryota mitis). © Nick C

Mavuto omwe amakhalapo pakukula kwa cariota:

1. kuchepa kwa kukongoletsa kwa masamba ndi kuchepera kapena kuchuluka kwazinthu zina za kufufuza (mawonekedwe a necrotic mawanga pamasamba okhala ndi kuchepa kwa zinc; kumasulidwa kwamasamba ang'onoang'ono ndi mikwingwirima ya necrotic, mawonekedwe a chlorosis omwe ali ndi vuto la manganese; mawonekedwe a pinki owoneka bwino mawanga, kupukuta, masamba oterera, chikaso ndi potaziyamu; ndi kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni; kusungunuka ndi kufa kwa malekezero amasamba ndi boron, mkuwa kapena fluorine, chlorosis wokhala ndi kuchepa kwa magnesium, etc.);
2. kumwalira, chikaso cha masamba ndi kuthirira kwambiri;
3. kuwoneka masamba akuda ndi kuthirira kwambiri;
4. maonekedwe achikasu achikasu, owoneka bulauni pamasamba ndi masamba opindika pazowunikira kwambiri;
5. chlorosis achinyamata masamba osakwanira zakudya;
6. kuyera kwa masamba otsika ndi kukula kwa mbewu yoponderezedwa pakuwunika bwino komanso kutentha pang'ono;
7. kufota ndi kuchita masamba ndi masamba pamtunda wotsika kwambiri kapena pakusungidwa;
8. kuyanika kumapeto kwa masamba ndi mpweya wosakwanira;
9. kusesa, kugwetsa masamba osakwanira kuthirira.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Cariota

Mosiyana ndi mitengo yambiri ya kanjedza, karyota imatha kupezeka osati kuchokera ku mbewu zokha, komanso njira zamasamba. Zowona, izi zomaliza ndizoyenera zokha zitsamba zamtchire, zoyerekeza za cariota.

Njira yochepetsera nthawi yayitali ndikulekanitsa makatani akuluakulu, mitengo ya kanjedza yomwe idakulidwa kwambiri kukhala masamba angapo. Pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kupeza mitundu yayikulu yonse munthawi yochepa, koma chiwopsezo ndichokulirapo. Kulekanitsidwa kumachitika paphwando. Pankhaniyi, cholinga chachikulu ndikuvulaza mphuno yayitali ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyengo izisinthasintha machitidwe okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.

Cariota. © tropik

Kudula ndi njira ina yodalirika karyota. Zodula tsinde ndi tsamba la kanjedza sizigwira ntchito, koma mizu yokhala ndi mizu yake ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Mitundu ingapo yodziyimira ikangodziyimira pang'onopang'ono pa chomera cha mayiyo, njirazo zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chachikulu. Muzu mizu mu mchenga woyera pansi pa hood pa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 20-25. Kuti mupeze bwino rozitsi, ndikofunikira kupereka kanjedza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa komanso kuwateteza ku dzuwa. Zomera zikangochitika, mbewuzo zimatha kusunthidwa kuzinthu zomwe zimakonda karyote ndikukula ndikusamalidwa bwino.

Koma kufalitsa mbewu pachikhatchi sikuti ndikuchita bwino kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu zimataya kumera mwachangu, ndipo kumera kumatenga miyezi 1 mpaka 3 ndipo sikungabweretse vuto lililonse. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu kasupe, m'nthaka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Asanafesere, mbewu zimayenera kunyowa kwa tsiku limodzi mu yankho la chopatsira chophukacho. Amayikidwa m'manda mpaka 1-1,5 masentimita mumtsuko lathyathyathya wodzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi (kutalika kwakukulu sayenera kupitirira 15 cm). Mbewu zimatha kumera pokhapokha patadutsa 25 digiri pansi pa kanema kapena galasi yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku. Poterepa, kumera kumachitika mumdima. Pambuyo zikamera, chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo komwe kumayatsa nyali zowala. Zomera sizigwira mpaka zitulutsira tsamba loyambirira. Pambuyo pokhapokha, ma karyotes achinyamata amatha kukhala osamala kwambiri, kuyesa kuti asakhudze mizu, kusinthidwa kumaphika ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5. 5. Mbande zazing'ono zimamera mchaka choyamba ngakhale nthawi yozizira pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyo, yotentha kuposa mbewu zazikulu.