Lavender ndi chitsamba chokongoletsera chokongoletsetsa nthawi zonse. Masamba opyapyala a lavenda - mtundu wokongola wa siliva. Ma spikelets a maluwa a lavenda, okongola modabwitsa njuchi ndi agulugufe, ndi ofiirira, lilac, pinki, abuluu ndi oyera. Titaona lavenda pachimake pa maluwa ake ndikumva fungo lake labwino kwambiri, ndizosatheka kuti musakonde chomera ichi. Pazambiri za kukula kwa lavenda m'munda - nkhaniyi.
Lavender.
Kufotokozera kwamabzomera za mbewu
Lavender (Lavandula) - mtundu wa mbewu za banja Laminate (Lamiaceae kapena Labiatae) Mulinso mitundu pafupifupi 25-30. Amakula ku zilumba za Canary, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa, kumwera kwa Europe, ku Arabia ndi India. Mitundu yamitunduyi imalimidwa m'minda padziko lonse lapansi.
Muzu wa lavenda ndi lignated, nthambi, mossy, umalowa mozama mamita 4. The gawo lakuthwa la chomera, 60-80 masentimita ndipo muli nthambi zambiri, ndikupanga korona wopindika. Amasiyidwa moyang'anizana, sessile, chingwe kapena lanceolate, yokhala ndi mbali zolimba zakunja.
Maluwa a lavenda amakhala bisexual, ali kumapeto kwa nthambi ndipo amatengedwa m'miyala yowoneka ngati nthomba, yopangidwa ndi ma whorls a 4-11. Utoto wa corolla kuchokera oyera mpaka wofiirira. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu 1000 ndi 0,8-1 g.
Lavenda weniweni ndi mtengo, chithunzi, chilolezo chokomera chilala. Ndilo gulu la zikhalidwe za thermophilic. Nthawi yomweyo, imadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu. Zomera zazikulu zimalekerera kutentha mpaka kufika pa 26 ° C. Pa -5 ° C, mbewu za lavenda zimayamba kukhala matalala. Potengera nyengo yachilengedwe yazomera, kutentha konse kogwira kupitako kumakhala kopitilira 3600 °.
Chisamaliro cha Lavender
Zofunikira zadothi. Chikhalidwe cha lavenda chimagwira bwino kuunika, dothi lokwanira bwino losavomerezeka. Panthawi yoyenera komanso yopanda chinyezi, mchenga ndi loamy nthaka ndizabwino kwambiri. Lavender samakula bwino pamadzi amchere, marshy, acidic komanso dothi lolemera lomwe limapezeka pafupi ndi nthaka.
Kufesa / kubzala. Falitsani mbewu za lavenda zenizeni ndi zipatso zake (zodulidwa, kugawa ndi kugawa chitsamba). Zodulidwa zimakololedwa pa mphukira wazaka 1-2. Amabzyala m'minda yosanja malingana ndi chiwembu 5 × 5 kapena 6 × 4 cm. Mizu imayamba mchaka ndipo imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. M'dzinja, mbande zakonzeka kubzala.
Kukongoletsa zochitika. Dothi la lavenda limalima mpaka 60 cm, kenako ndikulimidwa kangapo. M'mayiko a ku Europe, minda yabzalidwa nthawi yophukira. Masanjidwe a mbewu ndi masentimita 120-140 x 35-40. Kubzala kachulukidwe ndizomera 20,000 pahekita limodzi. Zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 20-25, kukolola kumayamba mchaka chachiwiri.
Kubzala / kulima kwa lavenda. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, chisamaliro chomera chimatsika kutiichotse inflorescence, kuchiritsa mizere mobwerezabwereza ndikubwezeretsa mbewu zakufa. Chaka chilichonse, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita feteleza ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola, zimapangidwanso ndikudula chitsamba kutalika kwa 4-5 masentimita kuchokera panthaka. Ku Bulgaria, ntchitoyi imachitika m'minda yazaka 10-12.
Munda wa lavenda.
Chapakatikati, lavenda ayenera kudulidwa pafupipafupi. M'nyengo youma, madzi ochuluka. M'madera apakati pa Russia, ayenera kukhala otetezeka nthawi yozizira (spruce, singano za paini ndizoyenera). Ngati, komabe, gawo lapamwambalo louzidwa, limadulidwa, ndipo chomera, monga lamulo, chimabwezeretseka. Kudulira komweku kumapangitsanso tchire kuti lisatulutse pansi. Ndikofunika kuti zisamadzudulire kwambiri, kuti ziume minofu, chifukwa chomera chikhoza kufa.
Kuswana lavenda
Lavender amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kudula, kugawa chitsamba ndi kuyika. Mbewu zimafunikira kupangika mkati mwa masiku 30 mpaka 40 pa kutentha kwa +5 ° C. Zofesedwa mbande kumapeto kwa February ndi koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka akuya 3 mm. Mbewu zimamera m'kuwala pa kutentha kwa 15-21 ° C.
Mankhwalawa gibberelin (100-200 mg / l) amapereka mphamvu kwambiri. Zikamera za lavenda zikamera, zimabzalidwe mu masentimita 5. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mbande zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika. Mutha kubzala mbewu kumapeto kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Poterepa, mbande zimawonekera kumapeto, kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Kwa odulidwa amatenga lignified pachaka mphukira, kudula iwo kudula 8-10 cm kutalika ndi mizu.
Pofalitsa pogawa tchire nthawi yophukira, mbewu amazidulira mpaka kutalika kwa 8-10 cm ndikuyanika ndi dothi, ndikudzaza mosamala danga pakati pa zimayambira. Chapakatikati, nthaka idakonkhedwa ndi tchire. M'nyengo yotentha, lavenda amakula kwambiri, omwe amakhala ozika bwino. M'dzinja, tchire limakumbidwa ndikugawikana.
Njira ina yosavuta yofalitsira lavenda - layering. Kuti muchite izi, pang'onopang'ono mugwire 2-3 mu mphukira ndikuyiyika mu poyambira (masentimita 3-5), kuyikhomera, mudzaze ndi dothi ndikuthirira. M'nyengo yotentha, nthaka pano iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri kuphukira kwotsatira, mphukira imatha kukhala yokha pokha ndikuchotsa chitsamba.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga lavenda
Mwa matenda, lavenda amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi (Botrytis cinerea), ndipo kuchokera ku tizirombo ta m'munda timayang'aniridwa ndi makobiri (Philaenus spumarius) Zina mwa mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Penick amakonda kuyika mphutsi pa zitsamba za lavenda. Kuti awatetezere kwa adani awo, amaphimba mphutsizo ndi phula lomwe limawoneka ngati malovu. Izi, zowononga mawonekedwe a mbewu, ngakhale sizimamubweretsera vuto lililonse. Madontho a chitho choyera amatha kutsukidwa ndi mtsinje wamadzi.
Lavender yaku France komanso yamphepete imatha kudyedwa ndi kachilomboka (Chrysolina americana), iyenera kusungidwa pamsika.
Lavender pakuwunika
Mabwenzi abwino a lavenda ndi zitsamba kapena zitsamba zomwe zimakonda dothi louma. Imamera bwino ndi maluwa. Zomera zosiyanasiyana zaminda onunkhira komanso mbewu zambiri zokhala ndi maluwa achikasu (zimatulutsa bwino mtundu wamtambo wabuluu ndi wofiirira) zimaphatikizanso bwino kwambiri ndi lavenda.
Lavender.
Kwa zaka zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yafungo onunkhira a Santolina, omwe amatchedwanso "lavenda la thonje", omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ake achikuda, amawoneka ngati abwenzi achikhalidwe.
Lavender ndi chomera chachikulu chowongolera. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga bwino. Kuchokera pa lavenda pangani mipanda yotsika, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana malo ndi minda yamiyala, amalimbitsa makhoma ndi malo otsetsereka. Lavender amawoneka bwino kutsogolo ndi pakati pamizere ya chosakanikirana, m'miyala, m'munda wazomera zonunkhira, komanso m'miphika ndi ma tub.
Lavender aliyense ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi ndipo chimakopa njuchi zambiri ndi gulugufe zambiri m'mundamo, zomwe zimazungulira pachitsamba chonse. Kuuluka kuchokera ku maluwa kukafika pamaluwa, amapindika ndikukhomera mapesi a maluwa ndi kulemera kwawo.
Bzalani lavenda m'misewu yam'munda kapena pafupi ndi khomo lolowera mnyumbayo: kuchokera pachikhudza, tchire limakhala ndi mafunde omwe amapezeka kale.
Dutch ndi French lavender sizabwino osati pakungokhala maluwa, koma pachaka chonse: izi zokhala zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimawonjezera mithunzi yasiliva yabwino m'munda wozizira.
Fungo lamphamvu la lavenda limabowola tizirombo, motero ndi zomveka kubzala mbewu m'minda yamasamba pafupi ndi masamba.
Kununkhira kokongola pamodzi ndi ma inflorescence okongola komanso maonekedwe mosakayikira kudzakhala kukongoletsa kwa dimba lililonse. Kodi muli ndi lavenda? Gawani zomwe zakukula mu ndemanga.
