Maso okondweretsa a fulakesi okongoletsera

Omwe alimi ambiri amalingalira kuti fulakesi ndiwofatsa komanso yosavuta kuchotsa. Chomera chakale ichi ndiosafunikanso masiku ano. Ndipo ngakhale filakisi ili pafupi kufalikira m'mundamo, ngakhale yosavuta kwambiri, fulakisi ya fakitale yamafakitale siyabwino. Ndipo sizothandiza pachabe kuti pali mitundu yoposa mazana awiri yamabanja mu fakilo: pamodzi ndi nthomba yosavuta, pali mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera. Maluwa okongola komanso maluwa okhudza mtima apadera sakudziwa omwe akupikisana nawo masiku ano. Kupatula apo, mbewuyi yakhala chizindikiro cha kuphweka kotero. Maso owala omwe amawonjezera kusekerera, komanso dimba kuti likhale losangalala, sizingakuthandizeni koma kumwetulira. Kukula fulakesi yokongoletsera ndikosavuta monga kukula filakisi wamba.

Filakisi. © Shawn Wainwright

Kukongoletsa Ma Tilakitala Akale

Filakisi ikagawika pakati pa mbewu zakalekale kwambiri, palibe funso kuti kukokomeza kulikonse. Monga sabata la Pancake komanso chikhalidwe chofalikira, zenizeni zake zakhala zikulimidwa ku milenia.

Filakisi (Linum) amakula munjira yocheperako, osati yopatsa chidwi komanso kuchuluka kwa zitsamba. Koma ngati fulakesi ya fulakesi itabzalidwa kumpoto pamtundu wa mafakitale imakula kuchoka pa 60 cm kupita oposa 1 mita, ndiye kuti fulakesi yokongoletsera nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa kwambiri.

Mphukira zowonda komanso zokongola za fulakesi zimakhala ndi masamba owala ndipo zimawoneka zachilendo kwambiri. Koma cholinga chachikulu ndi maluwa. Kuyambira 1.5-2 masentimita mu mulifupi wamba mpaka 5-6 masentimita mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri, iwo amapambana ndi mawonekedwe osavuta okhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso kukongola kwa lobes-petals. Ngati malalanje a fulakesi amatuluka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi, ndiye kuti mitundu yokongoletsera imayenda mopitilira nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi zambiri imakongoletsa minda kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka chisanu. Iwo, ngati filakitala wamba, ali ndi nthawi yoyika zipatso za mabokosi zomwe zimadziwika mosavuta, chilichonse chimabzala 10 glossy, bulauni ndi mbewu yosalala.

Mukagula fulakesi yokongola yosiyanasiyana, mudzatha kudzipezera nokha komanso anzanu onse ndi mbewu za chomera chowala bwino. Komanso, sataya kumera kwa zaka zitatu.

Kutuluka kwa fulakesi sikowoneka bwino komanso komanso zachilendo. Maluwa ake amaphuka kwa tsiku limodzi lokha. Ndipo asadulitsidwe ma bouquets ndikusilira kwa masabata ambiri, musakhumudwe: kukhazikika kwamaluwa kwatsopano kutsegulidwa tchire mosatopa, ndipo kumangika kwa masamba kosalekeza kumalola nsalu zokongoletsera mundawo kwa miyezi ingapo popanda zosokoneza.

Ndikosatheka kuwononga kukongola kwamaluwa a fulakesi ndi bedi lililonse la maluwa kapena bedi lamaluwa, kama kapena bedi. Ngakhale mbewu izi zitawoneka m'munda mwanu pakubwera kwa Mama Nature, chifukwa cha luso la nyale kufalikira ndikuuma kwakukulu, mbewu izi zimatha kuyambitsa kusekera kuposa kuyambitsa mavuto.

Lalabu wamkulu wamaluwa (Linum grandiflorum). © HEN-Magonza

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya fulakesi yokongoletsera

Mtundu waukulu kwambiri komanso wokongola wamitundu yonse yazonalu zokongoletsera utoto wa fulakesi umayenda bwino kwambiri pachaka. Filakisi wapachaka ndiosavuta kumera, imaphuka kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imakhala yokongola kwambiri. Ndiye amene amawerengedwa ndimabungwe oyambira zofiirira zokongoletsera.

Fulakesi wokhala ndi maluwa akulu (Linum grandiflorum) - Chilimwe chachikulu komanso chokongoletsa chilimwe chachitali chotalika pafupifupi masentimita 60. Nthambi yayitali kwambiri pamwamba pa tchire, koma pansi ili pafupi. Masamba, ngakhale ang'ono, koma owala kwambiri. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June mpaka Seputembala, tchire lokongola komanso lopanda chomera, maluwa otseguka atatu kapena asanu sentimita amakhala. Pa mawonekedwe oyambilira, amapakidwa utoto wofiyira, wowoneka bwino komanso wophuka popanda kamodzi, koma m'mayikidwe a inflorescence-scute. Filakisi wamkulu wamaluwa akuluakulu amatsegula mabowo ake okongola pokhapokha ngati kuli dzuwa.

Filakisi wapachaka umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ndi mitundu. Pakati pawo, wamba:

• "Maso Oseketsa" ndi mitundu yoyera-yoyera ndi chipinda chofiira cha inki pakati pa duwa looneka ngati kapu, chifukwa chake maluwawo amawoneka kuti ndi amaso (iyi ndi imodzi mwazomera zokongola kwambiri za monochrome zokongoletsa dimba limodzi ndi grouse wa hazel);
• kalasi yoyera yoyera "Uwana";
• chofiyira chowala, chokhala ndi maso ang'ono ndi mawonekedwe a silika, osiyanasiyana "Illusion";
• carmine wonyezimira koposa "Mars" wokhala ndi diso lowoneka bwino kwambiri;
• "Azure" - mitundu yowoneka bwino ya buluu yokhala ndi mamvekedwe akumwamba oyera ndi maso oyera;
• "Maso owala" osiyanasiyana ndi owala kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kungochotsa maso anu pachimake chamtengo;
• Boogie Woogie osiyanasiyana okhala ndi nsomba zamchere ndi malo achitetezo;
• mitundu ya apurikoti Aurora yofanana nayo;
• kalasi yoyera ngati chipale "Diamondi" yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a satin a pamakhala, zomwe zimapangitsa maluwa awiri-centimeter kukhala okongola modabwitsa;
• wobiriwira wobiriwira wa Seliger wokhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono mu inflorescence yayikulu - zishango;
• mitundu "Sadko", yokhala ndi lilac yokhala ndi mitsempha yamdima;
• kalasi yowala "pinki" yokhala ndi diso lakuda lomwe silioneka;
• osiyanasiyana "Starfall" ("Zorepad") wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ngati nyenyezi ndi mawonekedwe ofiira amaso amkati,
• zofanana ndi nyenyezi zosiyanasiyana "Albatross" zokhala ndi mtundu woyera.

Fulakesi yaku Austrian (linum austriacum). © naturgucker Filakisi wokhala ndi tsitsi loluka (linum hirsutum). © HEN-Magonza Fulakesi ya Tauride (linum tauricum). © Fritz Flohr Reynolds

Monga mbewu yokongoletsera, mutha kuyilima m'munda ndipo Falale wamba, kapena Kubzala filakisi (linum usitatissimum) Pazida za mzere wapakati komanso kumpoto, fulakesi yautali wautali imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma lero "kum'mwera", fulakesi yotsikirako imabzalidwa mwachangu. Ubwino wopindulitsa wa maluwa ndi maluwa amtundu wabuluu, omwe amawala pang'onopang'ono.

Kuphatikiza pa nyale yapachaka, pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi palinso mitundu yosanja yokongoletsera:

• - mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri a fulakesi omwe amatha kuzizira m'njira yapakatikati Nsalu zaku Austrian (linum austriacum) Mitunduyi imadzaza ndi maluwa achikuda amtambo wakuda pafupifupi masentimita 2-3, zitsamba zowondera komanso kutalika kwa 30 mpaka pafupifupi 60. Mafuta a fulakesi aku Austrian amatulutsa mosatopa, kuyambira Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti;
• zofanana ndi izo, koma ndi maluwa owala a buluu-lilac ndi mitsempha yakuda ubweya wonamizira (linum hirsutum);
• Fulakesi ya Tauride (linum tauricum) wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu achikasu otengedwa ndi maambulera angapo a inflorescence;
• masamba a masamba (linum tenuifolium) wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ngati chipale chofewa kapena lilac pamiyendo yolunjika;
• dzuwa lowala bafuta wachikasu (linum flavum) mpaka 40 cm wamtali ndi maluwa a June-Julayi, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri pagulu la mbewu zodzikongoletsera;
• wofiirira, wokhala ndi maulo owonetsa a pamakhala fulakesi yosatha (linum perenne) wokhala ndi maluwa ang'ono, koma owala kwambiri ndi maso oyera komanso okhudza mitsempha yakuda.

Filakisi wokongoletsedwa bwino (linum tenuifolium). - zatsopano
Filakisi wamuyaya (linum perenne). © Ron den Dikken Flax chikasu (linum flavum). © CameliaTWU

Nsalu zodzikongoletsera pakupanga mundawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• pakupanga mapiri ndi mapiri a mapiri;
• kupanga malire okongola ndi osangalala;
• malo akulu owonekera;
• ngati chikhalidwe chopangira mono kuchokera kwa oyendetsa;
• kupanga malo owoneka bwino pa udzu;
• mu udzu wa Moorish kapena kuti mupange dothi lamtchire.
• kupanga mawanga ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe pamabedi amaluwa ndi kuchotsera;
• mumapangidwe okongoletsa omwe amayang'ana kwambiri buluu ndi mtundu wamtambo;
• pakuyambitsa "Impsovisation" ndi kupusa kwachilengedwe m'minda yokongoletsedwa mwa mawonekedwe;
• kudzaza mawindo ndi madazi pamabedi a maluwa ndi kuchotsera.

Kukula nthomba yokongoletsera

Monga mitundu yoyambira yamtunduwu, fulakesi iliyonse yokongoletsera ndi chomera chokonda dzuwa. Filakisi ithafesedwa ndikubzalidwe m'malo abwino okha, kupewa ngakhale penumbra yocheperako. Ndikwabwino kupewa malo opanda mphepo, koma izi sizikuwopa kukonzekera. Chifukwa chake, khalani womasuka kuti mumupatse madera otseguka. Mukamasankha fakilo m'munda wanu, ndibwino kuganizira kubzala kwake, komanso kuti kukula kwa gulu la fulakesi, kumawoneka kokongola kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, dera lozungulira kapena bedi la maluwa limagawidwa kuti ndi luni, lomwe limafesedwa chaka chilichonse ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fulakesi yokongoletsera. Mutha kutenga imodzi mwa ma curbs panjira iyi pachikhalidwe ichi.

Dothi la fulakesi ndilosavuta kutola. Chachikulu ndichakuti ikhale ya mpweya- ndi wamadzi-wovomerezeka, woyenda bwino komanso wopanda magazi (osachepera pang'ono). Magawo ena onse, kuphatikiza zakudya, sizofunikira kwenikweni pa fakitala yokongoletsera. Filakisi wabwinobwino amatukuka bwino pamtundu wosalala, wamchenga, umamvetsera chonde kuposa filakisi wa pachaka.

Filakitini wamba, kapena nthalu yofesa (linum usitatissimum). © Susanne Wiik

Kudzala mitengo yokongoletsera

Filakisi wokongoletsa, monga m'bale aliyense wama mafakitale, amalola njira imodzi yokha yobzala mitundu yapachaka - kufesa panthaka. Nthawi yomweyo, fulakesi nthawi zonse imayikidwa m'magulu kapena malo, ndikugawika madera athunthu kapena magawo a mabedi amaluwa ndi ma rabotas ake. Silingabzalidwe kudzera mbande, chifukwa mbewuzo zimakhala ndi mizu yosalimba. Inde, komanso kuphweka kwa kukula, nyengo yakukula yifupi ya fulakesi singapangitse panganolo.

Fesani zokongoletsera fulakitala zimachitika nthawi yomweyo ngati filakisi wa fulakesi - mu Marichi kapena Epulo. Mbewu zachisanu sizimawopa, palibe chifukwa chodikirira Meyi ndi kutentha kokhazikika. Mukabzala filakisi, posachedwa limaphuka. Kuti mutambasule maluwa owoneka bwino m'mundawo ndi kusangalala ndi maluwa ake okongola kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira kapena nyengo yozizira, mutha kusintha nthawi yofesa ndikufesa fulakesi mumayendedwe a 2-4 ndikusokoneza masabata angapo. Zomaliza zimatha kuchitika mpaka chaka chachitatu cha Meyi.

Filakisi imabzalidwa m'mizere ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi 20 cm pakati pa mizere. Pakubzala, mbewu sizobalalika, pa mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 5 pakati pa mbewu kapena nthawi zambiri, koma ndi kupatulira pambuyo pake. Njira yabwino yofesa zabwino - kubzala mbewu mosachedwa, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wobzala wandiweyani. Popeza filakisi nthawi zambiri imamera mwamtendere, palibe chifukwa chakuchulukitsira mbewu kwambiri. Asanabzalidwe, dothi liyenera kusintha ndi kompositi kapena feteleza wina wachilengedwe. Filakisi wabwinobwino akhoza kufesedwa pamodzimodzi kumapeto kwa dzinja, nyengo yachisanu isanayambe.

Mbande zazing'ono za fulakesi ndizopepuka komanso zosalimba. Amatha kudwala chimfine kapena mphepo, kotero konzekerani pogona ndi kuteteza ikamatuluka nthawi yanyengo. Mbewu zikangokulira, mbewuzo zimatha kukhala zovuta.

Mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa nthakayi itha kubzalidwe kamtunda wofanana ndi mzere kutalikirana ndi ulusi wapachaka - 15-20 masentimita kuzomera zoyandikana.

Chikwangwani chaen

Kusamalira koyambirira kwa nsalu zokongoletsera

Filakisi wokongoletsa amasiyana ndi fulakesi wamba pokhapokha ngati mbewu izi zimatha kutulutsa bwino komanso motalika kuposa kuthirira kwabwino komwe mungapatseko. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zopukutira nthaka ziyenera kukhala zopepuka, osati zochulukirapo, koma pafupipafupi. Ngati mutha kuthirira filakisi pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti mitu yamaluwa yosangalatsa imaphimba kudula konse kapena malire ake. Koma kuthirira sikofunikira pa filakisi. Ngati mungathirire kuthirira mbewu nthawi zonse, lolani chilala, tchire sichifa, njere zimapangika, ndipo zimaphuka bwino. Koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali komanso pang'onopang'ono ngati maluwa omwe atenga miyezi yambiri panthawi yothirira, kukongola kwawo, sikungafanane.

Popeza filakisi ilibe mabedi wowoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino, sangatseke nthaka m'nthaka yopanda kupitirira, namsongole amasokoneza kukongoletsa kwa malo ndi kupangitsa fulakesi yowoneka bwino. Kudulira nthaka ndikofunikira, kuchotsa udzu ngakhale uli wocheperako. Mukamadula, musathamangire kumasula dothi mwamphamvu: mizu ya fulakesi sinayende kwambiri ndipo ndi yosavuta kuwonongeka.

Ndi mitundu yokongoletsera fulakesi, chisamaliro china, kuphatikiza kudula, sichofunikira. Ngati mbewu zokongola sizikusangalatsani ndipo mukufuna kuchepetsa kufesa, ndiye kuti pankhaniyi ndibwino kudula chipatsocho munthawi yake, kuti mbeu zisapse.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Ngakhale mtundu wa mbewu imodzi yosavuta kulima, fulakesi sizingawonongeke konse. Pafupi ndi mbewu zodwala, kubzala flakisi kumakhala "malo oyeserera" a powdery mildew, fusarium, ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, magawidwe ake amagawidwa mwachangu modabwitsa. Pozindikira matenda oyamba, ndibwino kupopera ndi fungicides kapena kungodikirira mpaka maluwa atatha ndikuwononga mbewuzo.

Fulakesi m'munda wamaluwa. © Farhan

Kufalikira kwa nyale yokongoletsera

Monga filakisi ina iliyonse, kupatula zipatso zokhazokha, pakukongoletsa mitundu njira imodzi yokha yofalitsira ndikovomerezeka - ndi mbewu. Ndizosavuta kubzala mbewa kuchokera ku nthangala; Mwa mitundu yosatha ya fulakesi, kufesa kwa nyengo yachisanu kumakhalanso kovomerezeka: kufalikira kwa nthakayo mu chaka chachiwiri, kufesa chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu ndikofunikira.

Mafuta a fulakesi ya ku Austrian ndi mitundu ina yamuyaya amathanso kufalikira ndi Delenki, omwe ndibwino kukumba kumapeto, mu Epulo kapena pakati pa Ogasiti. Nthawi zina, njira ya Cherenkov imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.