Mafuta a Pistachio akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudya kwa zaka zoposa 2,5,000. Pistachios amatchedwa zipatso zonse ziwiri monga mtedza wobiriwira, wadyedwa, ndi mitengo yomwe imapereka zipatso izi. Mawu oti "pistachio" omwe adachokera kuchilankhulo chathu kuchokera ku France, komwe, nawonso, amachokera ku Latin ndi Greek. M'Chi Greek, mawuwa adachokera ku chilankhulo cha ku Persian kuchokera ku mawu oti "pisteh". Ndi Iran yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndiwo malo obadwirawa. Mawu oti "pistachio" akhazikitsidwa mokhazikika pazilankhulo zaku Russia kuyambira zaka za zana la 18.
Pistachio (Pistcia) - mtundu wawung'ono wamitengo kapena zitsamba za banja la Sumakhov (Anacardiaceae), wamba m'malo otentha, pang'ono kotentha a Old and New Worlds. Chomera chodziwika bwino komanso choyamikiridwa kale komanso gwero la zipatso zabwino ndi Pistachio weniweniMtengo wa Pistachio (Pististia vera) ndi mtundu wamtundu wa pistachio.
Kuyitanitsa mtedza wa pistachios sizowona kwathunthu kuchokera pakuwona, popeza chipatso cha mtengo wa pistachio ndi drupe. Zomwe timadzitcha nati ndi intraocarp (mwala), monga ma amondi okondedwa ndi onse. Komabe, pakuphika komanso m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zadziwika kuti zipatso zilizonse zokhala ndi chipolopolo ndi kernel, zimatchedwa nati.
Kubzala mitengo ya pistachio. © cstoernerMbiri ya pistachios
Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, mitengo ya pistachio yakula ku West Asia, kuyambira ku Syria kupita ku Afghanistan. Amalemekezedwa kwambiri ku Persia ndipo amawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chuma. A Pistachios anali oyamikiridwa chifukwa cha zonona zake komanso zonona; Chochititsa chidwi, ma pistachios ndi amodzi mwa mtedza wachiwiri womwe umatchulidwa m'Baibulo.
Panthawi ya ufumu wa Roma, mtengo wa pistachio unkalowetsedwa ku Greece ndi ku Italy kuchokera ku Syria. Olemba mbiri yakale atawona kuti ufumu wa Roma utagwa, kulima kwa ma pistachios ku Italy kudatha, koma pambuyo pake Aluya adawatumizanso ku Sicily atagonjetsedwa ndi chilumbachi.
Pistachios tsopano ali ku Iran, Greece, Syria, Spain, Italy, Turkey, USA ndi mayiko ena.
Ku New World, ma pistachios adayamba kulimidwa mozungulira kumapeto kwa 1890s ku California. Lero, kupanga pistachios kwapachaka ku US ndikachiwiri kwa Iran, wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pistachios yambiri padziko lonse lapansi imadyedwa ku United States.
Gulu la ma pistachios pa nthambi. © Stan ShebsKodi pistachios amakula bwanji?
Mtengo wa Pistachio nthawi zina umatchedwa almond wobiriwira. Mtengowu, womwe nthawi zina umakula mpaka mamitala 10, umamera pamiyala, dothi losauka, malo otsetsereka komanso m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira (mtengo wa pistachio umalekerera chisanu mpaka madigiri 20). Imalekerera chilala bwino, chosasamala posamalira.
Thunthu la pistachioyu limapindika, nthawi zambiri imakonda ndipo imapanga. Makungwa pa nthambi zakale amatuwa, pa chaka - chofiirira. Mizu yake imapita 10-12 m, ndikukula mpaka 20-25 mamita mozungulira.
Pistachio ndi chomera chamtengo wapatali. Maluwa olimba mwamakutu, ovuta, otambalala bwino, otalika masentimita 4-6. Maluwa a Varicose m'masamba achilendo komanso ochepera, kutalika kofanana, kutalika kwa maluwa atatu kapena asanu, osiyana, pang'ono kuposa maluwa olimba, masamba 2-4 mm kutalika.
Maluwa a mitengo ya Pistachio. © Ido KronZipatso za pistachio ndizazikulu (kangapo zokulirapo kuposa mitundu ina yamtunduwu) drupe 0,8-1,5 cm, mulitali 0.6-0.8 cm.Pakapsa, pericarp imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta. Mbewu zamtunduwu ndi zobiriwira, zowonongedwa, zamafuta.
Maluwa a Pistachio mu Marichi - Meyi. Zipatso mu Julayi - Seputembara.
Masamba okongola ndi masango a zipatso zofiirira-bwino amapangitsa kuti iwonekere ngati chomera chokongoletsera.
Pistachios panthambi ya mitengo. © Stan ShebsKututa
Kukolola pistachios kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Mtedza woyamba umayatsidwa padzuwa - pambuyo pake umatha kusungidwa, koma osapitilira chaka chimodzi. Nthawi zina amathiramo mchere ndi wokazinga.
Mtedza umakololedwa pamene mankhusu akunja ophimbira mtedzawo afooka. Zimagwa mosavuta ngati mtengo ugwedezeka. Mankhusuyo umakutidwa ndi mtambo wobiriwira wobiriwira wobisika. Mtengo umodzi umatha kutulutsa pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 25 a mtedza wamiyendo. Ikaikidwa mu ma CD a ma airtight, ma pistachios okazinga amasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo. Ngati achisanu, amasungidwa kwazaka zambiri ndikusungabe kakomedwe kake ndi mchere.
Pistachio amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa "mtedza" wabwino kwambiri, 80-90% ya pistachios (yokazinga ndikuthira mchere). Zisanachitike, ma pistachios osawotchera amakhala ndi mkoma wokoma ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.
Pistachio mtedza mu chipolopolo chotsegulidwa. © CemgZothandiza zimatha pistachios
Ma pistachios osatchulidwa ndizakudya zabwino kwambiri, komabe, zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Mafuta amenewa ali ndi potaziyamu yambiri, wotsika kwambiri mu sodium, amathandizira kuyendetsa bwino magazi m'thupi, komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pistachios ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la mapuloteni, ali ndi calcium, iron, phosphorous, thiamine, zinki, vitamini B6 ndi vitamini E. Pistachios ali ndi cholesterol yotsika poyerekeza ndi mtedza wina. Amakhala ndi fiber yambiri komanso otsika m'mafuta ambiri, koma mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kugunda kwa mtima. Pistachios ilinso ndi antioxidant yomwe imachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda monga khansa.
Pistachios amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Middle East, Mediterranean ndi Indian cuisines, pistachios osaneneka ndiwowonjezera pazakudya zamasamba. Ndizabwino kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati zofunikira mu zokhwasula-khwasula, buledi, makeke, ayisikilimu ndi maswiti ena, ma muffins, ma pastes, masaladi, soseji, zodzaza za nsomba ndi nyama, komanso chokongoletsera.
Makhalidwe abwino a pistachios ndi amtengo wapatali m'mayiko ambiri, makamaka ku Syria, komwe alendo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa thumba la pistachios ngati mphatso yotsanzikana.
