Kusungidwa kwa zipatso ndi zipatso

Kodi kusunga zipatso ndi zipatso ndi ziti?

Kutha kwa zipatso ndi zipatso kusungitsa chakudya ndi zopatsa thanzi kwakanthawi kumatchedwa kusunga bwino. Zimatengera mitundu komanso malo osungira. Mwachitsanzo, makulidwe amtundu wa mwana wosabadwayo amasonkhezeredwa ndi kutentha kosungirako: kuchuluka kumakulitsa kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyll mu maselo ndi chikasu cha chinthu, chotsika - chitha kunyoza mtundu wa zipatso ndi zipatso. Chifukwa chake, mumitundu ina ya maapulo, mnofu umadetsedwa ndi kutentha pafupifupi 0 ° C. Kuyika bwino bwino sikuwonekera pokhapokha ngati pali nyengo yabwino yokolola ndi kusungirako, poganizira za mitundu ndi mitundu.

Kodi feteleza amakhudza zipatso ndi zipatso?

Feteleza zosiyanasiyana sizimakhudza bwino mtundu wa mbewuzo. Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa mchere kumlingo wina wake ndi amene amapanga zipatso ndi zipatso, kukula ndi kuthekera kwawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza winawake m'nthaka nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzi zizipezeka mwanjira yomweyo. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumakhala koyipa, monga kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi zipatso kumachepa, mtundu wake ndi kusungunuka kumawonongeka. kukana kuwonongeka kwamakina. Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka kumalimbikitsa kudziunjikira kwa shuga, kupaka utoto ndi zinthu zonunkhira mu zipatso, ndikuwongolera kusunga bwino. Zophatikiza michere zimakhudza kuoneka kwa matenda ena achilengedwe pakasungidwe. Pankhaniyi, calcium imagwira ntchito mwachangu. Zosakwanira zake mu maapulo zimathandizira kuti pakhale matenda a thupi (kupweteka kowawa, kutsekeka kwa zamkati), zomwe zimayambitsa kukalamba mwachangu kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Njira yothanirana ndi matenda ngati amenewa ndi kukonzekereratu kwa mitengo yomwe ili ndi 0,3-0,7% yankho la calcium chloride kapena kumiza zipatso mu 4% yankho la mcherewu. Potaziyamu, mosiyana ndi nayitrogeni, imatha kusintha mtundu ndi kupyapyala kwa zipatso ndi zipatso. Mothandizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere, kukoma kwa zipatso kumasintha. Mwachitsanzo, ndi phosphorous ochulukirapo, zipatso zimapeza kusasinthasintha.

Kodi chitsa chimakhudza kusunga zipatso?

Alumali moyo wa zipatso zimatengera ndi katundu. Mitengo yamera pamizu yocheperapo kumayambiriro ndikupanga zipatso zazikulu. Koma zipatso zotere zimapsa msanga ndipo zimasungidwa moyipirapo kuposa zomwe zimamera pazomera zolimba. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kuchotsedwa posungidwa kale.

Kodi kuthirira kumakhudza mtundu wa chipatso?

Kutentha kwakukulu kophatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumathandizira kukula ndikucha zipatso mwachangu, koma kusunga mawonekedwe mu nkhaniyi kumachepetsedwa. M'nyengo yotentha koma yozizira, zipatso zimachepetsa shuga, mchere wambiri, sunapangidwe bwino, umapsa pang'onopang'ono ndipo sunasungidwe bwino. Zipatso zomwe zimakula bwino komanso kulumikizana bwino, kusasintha kwa kutentha kosinthika ndi kuwunikira bwino kumasiyanitsidwa ndikusunga bwino. Minda siyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mutatsala pang'ono kukolola. Kupanda kutero, kusamalira zipatso kumachepetsedwa, amakhudzidwa ndimatenda athupi.

Kodi kukula kwa zipatsozo ndi kuyikika kwake pamtengowo, zaka zake ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola zimakhudzanso kusungidwa bwino?

Inde Zambiri zipatso zambiri zomwezo zimasungidwa zoyipirapo kuposa zazing'ono ndi zochepa, chifukwa chake mbewuyo imayenera kukhala yofanana. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi zaka za mtengowo. Zipatso zochokera kuminda yachichepere sizikhala zonyozeka chifukwa zimatha kugwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Zipatso zapamwamba komanso zabwino kwambiri kuchokera kumadera akunja korona, owala bwino ndi dzuwa.

Ndi zipatso zamtundu wanji zomwe zingasungidwe?

Mukamasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosungira, ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe zimakhalira mwachilengedwe. Mu maapulo, mitundu ya mitundu iyenera kukhala yoti izithedwa nthawi yozizira, yophukira komanso yophukira-nyengo yachisanu. Pakati panjira yosungira kwa nthawi yayitali, zipatso za mitundu ya Bogatyr, Welsey, Northern Sinap, Zhigulevskoye, Mayak, Oryolny Zimny, Lobo, Cortland, Vityaz, Antonovka vulgaris, Banana, Melba ayenera kukhala wamkulu; kumwera - Mekintosh, Calville Snow, Jonathan, Renet Si-Mirenko, Golden Delves, Starking, Starkrimson.

Mukamasankha zosiyanasiyana, kuuma kwake kwa dzinja ndi kukana matenda ndi tizirombo timaganiziranso.

Kodi ndikofunikira kusanja ndikuwongolera maapulo mutatola?

Asanaikidwe kuti isungidwe, maapulo amitundu iliyonse ayenera kusanjidwa, kusankhidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina. Sungani zipatso zathanzi zokha. Chipatso chake chikakula, chikaphukira, chimapuma mwamphamvu, ndikupatsanso zinthu zina, zomwe zimakhudza zipatso zowazungulira, ndikufulumizitsa kucha kwake. Chifukwa chake, zipatso zamtundu umodzi musanasungidwe ndibwino kusanja kukula: yayikulu, yapakati, yaying'ono. Bodi yowerengera ndiyabwino kuchitira izi; ndikosavuta kudzipanga wekha. Mahatchi ayenera kupangidwa mpaka kumlingo woyenera kwambiri. Zipatso zowonongeka ziyenera kunyamulidwa padera ndikuchotsera posungira nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Momwe mungasungire maapulo - mumbale kapena mashelufu?

Ndikofunika kuyika zipatso ndi zipatso kuti zizisungidwa m'matumba chifukwa siziteteza kokha pakuwonongeka kwa makina, komanso zimapanga malo abwino othandizira kutentha ndi chinyezi mozungulira chogulitsacho, ndikuloleza mpweya wabwino komanso kuzizira kwambiri. Kaya mawonekedwe, kukula ndi kapangidwe kake, chotengera chiyenera kukhala cholimba, choyera, chopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena chinyontho chosonyeza chinyontho. Mukamakonda zipatso ndi zipatso zake, timayikidwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono. Ndikofunika kusunga sitiroberi, rasipiberi, cranberries, currants, gooseberries mu mabasiketi a mbatata ndi sieves, yamatcheri, mapeyala a mitundu ya chilimwe, plums m'matayala, maapulo ndi mapeyala amitundu yamapeto mu ma crates. Komabe, mabokosi okhala ndi mipata yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa matolawo amawononga zipatsozo ndipo ndi osayenera kuyendetsa ndi kusungira. Maapulo amatha kusungidwa m'mabokosi amakatoni, pachifuwa chachikulu, m'matumba apulasitiki, pamiyala.

Momwe mungayikire maapulo posungira?

Ma CD enanso amateteza zipatso kuti zisawonongeke mwaukadaulo, matenda, komanso chitetezo chodalirika pakuuma kwa zinthu. Zinthu zonyamula siziyenera kuyamwa madzi, osakhala ndi fungo komanso poizoni.

Ndikofunika kupatula apulo iliyonse kwa omwe ali moyandikana nayo: kukulunga pepala kapena kuyikidwa ndi zotayirira (peat, husk, mankhusu a buckwheat, matawulo a nsalu, moss, masamba amitengo, mchenga). Zingwe zolimba zolimba zokhala ndi makulidwe a 0,1-0.15 mm sizotsika pazabwino zawo pazinthu zina zonyamula. Okulungidwa, muyenera kusunga maapulo amitundu Melba, Pepin safironi, Lobo, Cortland, Spartak. Zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zambiri, zowonongeka zamakina sizikhala nthawi yoyendera.

Ndikofunika kupaka zipatsozo m'mabokosi a diagonally kapena m'mizere. Pofuna kuteteza maapulo kuti asawotchedwe ndi dzuwa, ayenera kunyamula zinthu zosiyanasiyana: pepala, zopukutira, zokutira, zokhazikika mu paraffin yamadzimadzi (100 g pa ma napkins 500). Kuti muchite izi, wokutani nsaluyo pachogudubuza kapena pukugungitsani, muchepetseni ndi mafuta ndi pepala kapena zopukutira, kenako kuti pepala lililonse lolemberedwa liyenera kusamutsidwa louma.

Pakasindikizika kotero, ndibwino kusunga zipatso za Antonovka zosiyanasiyana wamba (sizisungidwa bwino papepala lomwe silinalembetse).

Momwe mungasungire mapeyala?

Kwa gulu lapakati, ndizovuta kuvomereza mitundu ya peyala yomwe, malinga ndi kusunga ndi kukoma, ikwaniritsa zofuna za ogula. Zipatso ziyenera kusungidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri - kuyambira opanda 1 - opanda 0,5 mpaka 0-5 ° C. Potere, zimasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo, pamatenthedwe okwanira milungu ingapo.

Osachotsa mapeyala molawirira kwambiri. Ngati zili choncho, zipatsozo zimabadwa zobiriwira, ndikofunika kuzisunga pa kutentha kwa 2-4 ° C, apo ayi sizipsa.

Kodi ndizotheka kusunga zipatso ndi zipatso mu filimu ya pulasitiki?

Maapulo, mapeyala, plums ndi wakuda currants Itha kusungidwa m'matumba apulasitiki okhala ndi makilogalamu 1-1,5, wopangidwa ndi filimu yotsika yosasunthika yokhala ndi makulidwe a ma 50-60 (filimu yotakata siyabwino chifukwa imafalitsa okosijeni ndi mpweya wambiri, motero zinthu zimayamba kuwonongeka mwachangu). Chifukwa cha kupuma kwa zipatso ndi zipatso, mpweya woipa umadziunjikira (4-6%) mkati mwa phukusi ndipo mpweya wambiri umachepa. Kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ka gaseous sing'anga kumachepetsa kupuma kwa zipatso ndi zipatso.

Chinyezi cha mpweya wambiri (90-99%) mu thumba chimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chichepe kwambiri, kotero kuchepa kwachilengedwe kumatsika mpaka 0.6-1% ndipo chinthu sichikutaya malonda.

Nthawi yosungirako imachulukitsidwa ndi miyezi 1.5-2. Polyethylene ali ndi katundu wina. Kupyola kudzera zinthu zingapo zosasunthika (zonunkhira) zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zipatso ndi zipatso. Zinthuzi zikaphatikizidwa m'thumba, zinthuzo zimatha kukhwima msanga. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndibwino kusunga mitundu ya maapulo Mzere wozungulira, Saffron Pepin, Lobo, Spartan, Melba, Cortland. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupakize zipatso zamtundu umodzi mu pulasitiki Antonovka wamba, monga pamenepa iwo amawonongeka msanga.

Mitundu yosungirako maapulo ndi mapeyala omwe amakhala m'mbale zamapulasitiki siyisiyana ndi momwe imakhalira (kutentha 0-3 ° C, chinyezi chachilengedwe 90-95%). Zipatso zofunikira ziyenera kukhazikika. Popewa chinyezi kufinya m'thumba, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kuyenera kukhala kochepa. Zikwama zokhala ndi zipatso ziyenera kuikidwa makamaka mumipanda kapena m'matayala omwe anali ataphimbidwa kale ndi pepala kuti matabwa oyikirapo asaphwanye kulimba kwa phukusi. Mkhalidwe wazogulitsa ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.

Momwe mungasungire zipatso ndi zipatso m'matumba apulasitiki omwe ali ndi zosankha zowonjezera zowonongeka?

Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mumlengalenga ndi 21%, kaboni dayokisi - 0.03, nayitrogeni - pafupifupi 79%. Ngati mungasinthe chiŵerengerocho kuti mpweya wa mpweya ndi kaboni diokosijeni azitha kutsika ndikufika pamlingo womwe ungapangitse mpweya kupangidwenso popanda kusokoneza njirayi, ndiye kuti zipatso zina ndi zipatso zina zingathe kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Mankhwala otsatirawa okosijeni kupita kaboni diokosijeni tikulimbikitsidwa: 12 ndi 9; 3 ndi 5; 3 ndi 1.

Kusungidwa m'matumba apulasitiki omwe ali ndi ma membrane a posankha (ozungulira, gulu) akufalikira. Momwe muli phukusi, chifukwa cha ntchito yofunika ya zipatso ndi zipatso, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumachepa, ndipo mpweya wa carbon dioxide ukuwonjezeka. Mawonekedwe oyenerera a mlengalenga amapereka membrane.

Kodi mikhalidwe yosungira kwakanthawi kochepa ya blackcurrant, sitiroberi wamtchire, rasipiberi ndi jamu ndi chiyani?

Black currant m'mikhalidwe yokhazikika, sizikhala motalika. M'matumba a pulasitiki osindikizidwa ndi kutentha kwa 0 ° C amatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi 1-2. Zotsatira zakupuma, mpweya woipa umadziunjikira mkati mwa pulasitiki (mpaka 4-6%) ndipo zomwe zili mu oxygen zimachepa. Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, kupuma kwamaloko kumachepa. Pa chinyezi chambiri chamtunduwu (95-99%), kuchepa kwa chinyezi sikungatheke, kotero kuchepa kwachilengedwe kumatsika mpaka 1% ndipo malonda sazirala.

Sitiroberi wamtchire - mabulosi achifundo kwambiri. Iyenera kuchotsedwa m'maola ozizira, osakhazikika pansi ndikuyika glacier kapena cellar ndi chipale chofewa. Mukachulukana, zipatso za sitiroberi zimawonongeka msanga, choncho muyenera kuzisonkhanitsa tsiku ndi tsiku, panthawi imodzimodziyo kusankha zipatsozo, kumata mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana. Mukatola, ndizosatheka kupanga ndikusintha zipatso, monga momwe mawonekedwe awo amachepera, msuzi umatayika. Ngakhale kuzirala msanga ndi zinyalala za ayezi ndikusungirako mufiriji kapena chipale chofewa, ndizovuta kusunga sitiroberi kwa masiku opitilira asanu. Zipatso zakuthwa za mitundu Talisman, Zenga Zengana, Nadezhda, Zenit ndizosungidwa bwino.

Rabulosi - komanso mabulosi osokonekera. Pambuyo pochotsa mosamala, zipatsozo zimasungidwa kwa masiku awiri kapena anayi okha pa kutentha kwa 0-0.5 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 85%. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyesa kukonza raspulosi munthawi yake.

Zipatso zosapsa jamu nthawi yayitali yosungidwa pamatayala oyera a 4-5 kg. Jamu yotere imatha kusungidwa mufiriji kwa masiku atatu kapena asanu, ndikukula kwa masiku awiri.

Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira zipatso ndi iti?

Mu zophatikizidwa, koma osakonzedwa, njira zamtundu wa biochemical zikupitilizabe zomwe zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mtundu wawo. Kuti muchepetse zotsatira zoyipa, ndikofunikira kutsatira zotsatirazi: chisanadze mafuta (musachotseretu kutentha kwa zipatso zosakanizidwa); Sankhani zipatso mumthumba yaying'ono mukangotola, kupewa zina ndi zina; kukolola mosamala komanso pafupipafupi, kupewa kuchulukitsa zipatso. Izi ndizosavuta kuwona ngati pali mitundu ya mabulosi omwe ali ndi nthawi yakucha m'munda.

Kodi ndi chiyani chosungira ma cherries ndi plums?

Plums Itha kusungidwa kwa masabata awiri kapena anayi, zipatso za mitundu Vengerka vulgaris, Pamyat Timiryazev, Hungary azhanskaya - milungu inayi kapena isanu (pazaka zabwino). Zokolola ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti zisavulaze sera wokutira, chotsani zipatsozo ndi tsinde, kuziyika mosamala mumtsuko ndipo nthawi yomweyo muzizitumizira kuti zisungidwe. M'masabata awiri oyambilira amatha kusungidwa kutentha pafupifupi 0 ° C, ndiye - pamtunda wa 5-6 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 85-90% (pomwe mpweya wouma kwambiri, ma drains akutha msanga). Kusungidwa kwotalikirapo pamtunda wa 0 - opanda 0,5 ° C kumabweretsa browning zamkati. Cherry mufiriji nthawi zambiri imasungidwa kwa masiku osaposa 10-15. Iyenera kuchotsedwa m'mawa, zipatso zikakhala ndi kachulukidwe kopambana. Nthawi zina, pamtunda wotsika kwambiri, khungu limasungunuka.

Kodi ndi kutentha kotani komwe kuyenera kusungidwa panthawi yosungirako zipatso ndikuchita?

Mukatola, zipatsozo zimayenera kukhazikika ndi kusungidwa mwachangu pa kutentha pang'ono ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kutentha kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti chlorophyll chiwonongeke kwambiri m'maselo, kutsika kwambiri kungasokoneze kusungidwa kwa chipatso (kutentha kwa maapulo ndi opanda 1.4 - minus 1.8 ° C). Kutentha kwabwino kwa mitundu yambiri kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 0 ° C, kwa maapulo a mitundu ya Antonovka wamba ndi Renet Simirenko - 2-3 ° C. Kuti muchepetse kutentha (chifukwa cha madzi oundana kapena chipale chofewa), chipindacho chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino usiku kapena nthawi yozizira. Kutentha kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi ma thermometers awiri amowa, omwe amayimitsidwa pafupi ndi pansi ndi malo omwe mpweya wabwino uli (pafupi ndi chitseko, zenera), winayo ali pakati pa chipindacho. Kutentha kokhazikika ndiye njira yosungira bwino.

Kodi ndi chinyezi chanji chomwe chimayenera kusungidwa panthawi yosungirako zipatso?

Kuchulukitsa chinyezi kuchokera ku chipatso kumachitika pamene mpweya wambiri ndiwowuma komanso wosapuma pamalo osungirako, mpweya wabwino wolimba komanso mkhalidwe wopanda pake wa chinthucho. Chifukwa chake, pakusungirako nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza ndi chinyezi kwambiri, nkhungu ndi mafangasi zimayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo matenda ena achibadwa zipatso amapezeka. Chinyezi chabwino kwambiri nthawi yosungirako ndi 90-95%. Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuwongolera chinyezi. Chifukwa chaichi, ndibwino kugula psychrometer. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kuyeza mulingo wa chinyezi komanso kusintha. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi mchipinda chomwe amakonzera zipatso, ndikofunikira kuthirira pansi, ndipo ngati zinthuzo zitha, ndiye kuti makoma.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, chinyezi chambiri kwambiri sichimavomerezeka, chifukwa zipatso zimatha kutuluka.Chinyezi chimatsika makoma a chidebe, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zipatso zizionekera. Kuwongolera chinyezi kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi nthawi yonse yosungirako.

Kodi ndifunika kulowetsa zosungirako?

M'nthawi yozizira masana, malo osungirako onse ayenera kuthandizidwa ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino. Mukamazizira kwambiri mumlengalenga, mumasunthira mosamala malo ogulitsira kuti mupeze chinyezi pazinthuzo.

Ndi malo ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga zipatso?

Chipinda chilichonse chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kusungabe kutentha kochepera 5 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 80-90%. Mwachitsanzo, maapulo amasungidwa mu chipale chofewa kapena chipale chodzazidwa ndi chipale chofewa, chifukwa amapereka chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha kokhazikika kwa pafupifupi 0 ° C.

Momwe mungapangire glacier ndi cellar?

Zipatso zimatha kusungidwa m'matope. Kuti mupeze zakuya, muyenera kukumba dzenje ndi makhoma oterera. Mitengo yamatanda iyenera kuyikidwa pansi, pansi ndikuyika pamiyala yopangidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala yamtengo. M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, makoma a dothi otseguka nthawi zina amawonongeka, chifukwa chake, udindo wawo wapachaka umafunika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muwalimbikitse ndi zinthu zilizonse (wattle, croaker). Mu cellars, ma sheds, maenje, mutha kukhazikitsa ma bomba ndi zotulutsa. Ndizovomerezeka kuyika migolo ndi mchere wosakaniza ndi chipale, kuphika chipale chofewa kapena kukolola kuyambira kasupe (kulongedza cellar) ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yofunikira kwambiri yosungira. Ma cellars ang'onoang'ono okonzanso omwe amapangidwa ndi kuzizira kwa ayezi pamafomati osankhidwa kale. Ndi kutulutsa bwino ndi utuchi ndi dothi, malo ozungulira ayezi amatumikirako zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.

Madzi oundana ndi chipinda chapansi penipeni chokhazikitsidwa pansi ndi vetibule, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale ndikusungiramo ayezi. Pali mitundu itatu ya madzi oundana: okhala ndi pansi, mbali, ndi katundu wapamwamba wa ayezi. Ayenera kuyikitsidwa kamodzi pachaka kumapeto kwa dzinja. Zabwino kwambiri kusungira raspberries, wakuda currants, gooseberries mu chisanu.

Momwe mungasinthire zipinda, ozizira ma dacha, ma verandas, makonde osungira zipatso?

M'chipindacho pafupi ndi zenera mutha kuwaza chipinda chaching'ono. Ngati chipindacho chili chozizira, ndiye kuti chipinda chake chizikhala chowonjezera, ngati chili chotentha, gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wabwino (konzekerani zenera la mpweya wabwino kapena kukhazikitsa fani ya kunyumba). M'chipinda chozizira kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pamphepete kapena khonde, zipatso ziyenera kusungidwa m'mabatani omwe amaikidwa m'bokosi ndikuwonjezeranso insulust. Danga la utuchi limayenera kupereka kutentha pafupifupi 0 ° C. Kwambiri kutentha kosungira, zipatso kugona, mayikidwe awo mchipindacho akhale omasuka kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito filimuyo m'zipinda zofunda kumalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa zipatso ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito michere kuti ipume.

Momwe mungakonzekere zosungirako ndi zotengera pakuyika zipatso zosungira?

Nyumbayo ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi zotsalira ndi zinyalala. Kuotcha zinyalala. Pofuna kuthana ndi makoswe, mapaipi onse opopera ndi otaya ayenera okutidwa ndi mauna achitsulo, mabowo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi galasi losweka ndi simenti kapena kudzazidwa ndi yankho la bulichi. Malo, zida, matayala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kutetezedwa, makoma oyera ndi denga. Pofuna kuphera matendawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito formaldehyde (20 cm3 ya formalin + 20 cm3 yamadzi pa 1 m3 ya voliyumu) ​​kapena sulfure dioxide (kutentha 10-20 g wa sulfure pa 1 m3 ya chipinda). Zopezeka ndi zida ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi koloko yosalala. Osateteza tizilombo kuzipinda zochezera. Ntchito yonse iyenera kuchitika, kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a chitetezo chantchito ndi chitetezo, bwino kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri woteteza chomera.

Source: ABC ya wam'munda. M: Agropromizdat, 1989.