Pansi pazachilengedwe, chomera monga phala ndi chimphona (poyerekeza ndi anthu). Nthawi zambiri, ma cacti amenewa amatalika mpaka 6 mpaka 10 metres, koma palinso ena omwe amakula mpaka 20 metres. Cereus amabala nthawi yayitali m'zomera.
Mwachilengedwe, mbewu zotere zimapezeka ku South ndi Central America, komanso ku India India.
Dzinali la cactus "Cereus" mchilatini limatanthawuza "kandulo ya sera".
Cacti wamkulu wochititsa chidwi chotere amatha kuwonedwa m'malo opezeka mitengo yosungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe, m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale, komanso m'mahola akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, kuvala pazenera kumachitika ndi a Cereus.
Kunyumba, amakula mitundu yaying'ono.
Maluwa
Kuthengo, maluwa amatuluka mu Meyi ndi June. Mitundu yambiri imaphuka usiku wokha. Maluwa amakhala pamagawo ofunikira (pambuyo pake). Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Fungo lawo ndi losangalatsa komanso lamphamvu kwambiri. M'mitundu ina, maluwa amayamba kununkhira ngati vanila.
Kuwulura maluwa kumachitika usiku. Amakhala kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo amatha ngati maola 24 atatsegulidwa.
Pakhola lalikulu lalikulu, lomera kuthengo, nthawi zambiri maluwa ambiri amatsegulidwa motsatana kapena nthawi imodzi. Mukakula m'nyumba, izi zimachitika mosavuta.
Amakhulupirira kuti kunyumba maluwa oteroko samakhala. Izi ndichifukwa choti Cereus wakukula bwino ndi chitukuko amafunika kuwunikira bwino komanso maola ataliatali masana. Ngati cactus waikidwa m'malo osavomerezeka, mwina sangaphuke konse kapena zingachitike kawirikawiri.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maluwa:
- kuyatsa kolakwika;
- zonse zofunikira siziperekedwa nthawi yopuma, yomwe imawonedwa nthawi yozizira;
- mbewu ndi yaying'ono;
- kutentha kosayenera kapena malo amadzi, chipinda chomwe chimakhalapo chimakhala chotseguka pang'ono.
Ngati chomera choyima pamalo abwino- pansi chikathiriridwa bwino, ndiye kuti chimayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe kuyambira nthawi yachilimwe. Izi zimachitika kuti cactus wayamba kuphuka m'dzinja.
Zosamalira kunyumba
Ma cacti awa siopanda pake komanso osasamala mu chisamaliro. Chifukwa cha izi, zimatha kukhala zokulira mosavuta mchipinda.
Popeza Cereus ndi wolimba, nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati mtundu wazomera zazomera za acactus. Zotsatira za katemera opangidwa ndi akatswiri, ambiri mwa mitundu yatsopano ya cacti anabadwa, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri komanso okongola kwambiri.
Kupepuka
Chomerachi chimakonda kuwala, chomwe chimayenera kukhala chokwanira, ngakhale chilimwe, ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika chimbudzi pawindo lakumwera chakum'mawa kapena kum'mwera chakumwera.
Ngakhale kuti mbewu zotere zimakonda kuwala kwadzuwa, kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, kuwotcha kumawonekera pamtunda wawo. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira kuti zizolowere phala kuti izitsogolera dzuwa pang'onopang'ono.
Mitundu yotentha
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mbewuyi kumakhala mu magawo 8-12. M'nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe, mmera suopa kutentha ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsira cactus kumweya watsopano (khonde kapena khola lotseguka) m'chilimwe ndikusunga pamenepo mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Momwe mungamwere
Simungathiritse mbewuyo ndi madzi olimba kwambiri kapena ozizira. Panyengo yachilimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kochita kuchepera, koma ndikadzayamba yophukira, kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira nkhadze kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Cereus imakumana ndi vuto lodana ndi madzi, chifukwa chitha kufooka ndi kudwala.
Chinyezi
Munthawi ya kasupe ndi nthawi yachilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nyowetsani chomera kuchokera pakapopera mbewu ndi madzi oyera ofunda.
Feteleza
Cereus ndi mbewu yomwe imakula mwachangu yomwe imafunika kuvala pafupipafupi kuti ikule bwino komanso kuti ikule bwino. Kudyetsa kumalimbikitsidwa kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Zothira zamadzimadzi ndizoyenera izi, ndipo ndizotheka kuthilira ndi madzi, momwe mumakhala zinthu zina zofunikira phala.
Pambuyo pakuziika, simuyenera kudyetsa nkhadze kwa masabata awiri mpaka atatu, popeza dziko lapansi latsopano liri ndi zonse zofunikira m'thupi.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Gawo loyenerera liyenera kukhala lokhazikika kapena losalowerera, koma osati lamchere. Mu osakaniza ayenera kupezeka njerwa tchipisi ndi mchenga.
Zomera zotere siziyenera kubzalidwe m'nthaka yokhala ndi michere yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya humus.
Nthawi yopumula
Pakusala nthawi yozizira, nkhadze imayenera kusamutsidwira kumalo abwino. Nthawi yopuma, munthu sayenera kutembenuza wachibale kuti aziwala.
M'nyengo yozizira, feteleza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito panthaka, ndipo kuthirira mbewuyo kumakhala kochepa.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Monga lamulo, cactus amawokerana monga momwe amafunikira nthawi 1 muzaka ziwiri. Pothira, poto wamtali komanso waukulu amasankhidwa.
Njira zolerera
Mu chilengedwe, zomerazi zimaberekanso mbewu. Koma zimachitika kuti zigawo zomwe zimachoka pachimake zimakhalanso ndi mizu (analogous to cut cut). Mitundu yamiyala ya cacti mumalo mchipinda imatha kufalitsidwa kokha ndi odulidwa.
Kwa odulidwa mphukira amazidulira. Ayenera kusiyidwa mu mpweya watsopano kuti ayume kwa masiku angapo. Njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitidwe kuyambira koyambirira kwa kasupe mpaka pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe. Kubzala kumachitika mumphika wochepa wokhala ndi dothi losakaniza bwino. Nyowetsani nthaka pang'ono. Mizu idzachitika pambuyo pa masabata 2-4. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa zimasinthidwa mumiphika yokhazikika ndikuyang'aniridwa ngati chomera chachikulire.
Kufesa mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi limakhala lonyowa pang'ono (osati lonyowa). Mpaka mbuto zitawonekera, chidebe chimatha kuyikiridwa mumthunzi. Mbande zotulukazo ziyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino-kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Kutentha koyenera kwa iwo ndi madigiri 18-20.
Kuwoneka kwa minga kumachitika patatha milungu 3-4 kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa mbande. Mbande panthawiyi ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe (kuziyika zitha kuchitika pang'ono).
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mwa njira zopewera, mankhwala ophera tizirombo tikulimbikitsidwa.
Kuti matendawa azindikire panthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuyeserera koyesedwa ndimakhola, komanso kumunsi kwa tsinde. Malo omwe apezeka angawonetse matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyipa, komanso kuthirira kosakhazikika.
Mpheta ya kangaude, pseudoscutis, mealybug, komanso scutellum imatha kukhazikika pa chitho.
Kuwoneka oyera, oyera malo owoneka bwino amatanthauza matenda opatsirana ndi mealybug.
Maonekedwe a madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira ndi ma tambala amawonetsa matenda omwe ali ndi kangaude. Pakapita kanthawi, mawanga achikaso akufa amawoneka pamwamba pa mphukira.
Zishango zabodza ndi mpukutu zitha kuwoneka ndi maliseche. Awa ndi nsikidzi zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Amamadya chakudya chomera.
Kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chilichonse, mbewuyo iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi tizilombo.
Rot ndi matenda fungal. Chimawoneka ngati mawanga ofewa pamaso a mphukira, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala owuma. Ngati zowola zili malo ochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse mosamala, ndikudula china chakuthwa. Ndiye kuti bala lomwe linayambikalo liyenera kutetezedwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi mowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kuthirira.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Chomera ichi chikukula mwachangu, chomwe chimayambitsa zovuta zina mchipinda chaching'ono.
Fungo lokhala kufalikira kuchokera kumaluwa limatha kuchititsa kuti anthu azitha kugona.
Mitundu yayikulu
Cereus peruvian (Cereus peruvianus)
Amadziwikanso kuti Cereus Rocky. Tsinde lamtundu wobiriwira limakhala ngati silinda, ndipo nthiti zowoneka bwino zimakhala pamalo ake. Lamulo, likakula m'nyumba, tsinde limafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50, koma limatha kukula mpaka masentimita 100. Ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera-oyera chipale. Kuwululidwa kwa maluwa a zapashny kumachitika usiku, pomwe kununkhira kwake ndikosangalatsa kwambiri.
Chipatsochi ndi mabulosi ofiira kapena a lalanje, omwe amatha kudya.
Pali mtundu wina wachilendo wamtunduwu, wotchedwa monstrous. Tsinde la mbewuyi limapinda kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe limapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Cactus uyu ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi a maluwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo.
Cereus repandus
Malinga ndi zambiri m'mabuku ambiri, iyi si mitundu yodzipatula, koma dzina lachiwiri la phala la ku Peru.
Cereus Yamakaru (Cereus jamacaru)
Phula la mzati limakhala ndi cholembeka, pamwamba pake pomwe pamakhala minga yambiri. Maluwa amatuluka usiku. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amatha kufika mainchesi 20 cm.
Cereus chimphona (chimphona)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, zitha kukumana m'maiko ngati Arizona, California ndi Texas.
Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Record ngati cactus wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - 25 metres.
Chizindikiro cha dziko la Arizona ndi duwa la cactus uyu.
Mtengowu umasiyana ndi ma cacti ena ambiri chifukwa umawonjezera kukula kwawo pofika zaka makumi atatu. Kuyambira pano, mawonekedwe a thunthu ayamba kusintha ndipo njira zambiri zamakedzana zimapangidwa. Mitundu yocheperako ndiyamera yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono.
Zipatso ndi zipatso zokhathamira za utoto wofiira. Zitha kudyedwa, pomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa.
Cereus Validus
Achinyamata owongoka nthambi zamtundu wabuluu. Pamtunda wa nthambi, pali nthiti za 4-8. Maluwa oyera oyera.
Cereus waku Uruguay
Pamwamba pa tsinde lamtambo wobiriwira, pamakhala nthiti 5 mpaka 8. Minga ndi yakuthwa, m'litali amafikira masentimita awiri.
Cereus azure
Ili lidatchedwa dzina kuchokera ku tsinde la utoto wamba. Tsinde lamphamvu limatha kuphukidwa. Nthiti ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zosadziwika. Maluwa onunkhira oyera ngati chipale.
