Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe masiku ano ndikodziwika kwambiri. Amatha kuwononga tizilombo toyipa m'mundamo ndi m'mundamo, pomwe sizikuvulaza abale awo othandiza. Zomera zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi zowerengeka pambuyo pa maola 48 sizowopsa kwa anthu. Zipatso za mitengo ndi zitsamba zitha kudya popanda mantha.
Kuti musankhe ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe moyenera, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino mtundu wawo komanso cholinga chawo.
Zachilengedwe kuchokera kwa tizirombo
Yankho
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumeneku, komwe kumapangidwa pazinthu zofunika kwambiri za bowa, ndi zinthu zoopsa. Pazilombo zilizonse, mulingo wofunikira umalimbikitsidwa pokonzekera njira. Pafupifupi, kuyambira mamiliyoni awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu a mankhwalawa pama lita imodzi yamadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera sopo yamadzimadzi pang'ono pamakonzedwe omwe anakonzedwa, omwe angakupatseni njira yabwino yothandizira. Kumwaza mbewu kumachitika nyengo yofunda, youma (pafupifupi 18-20 digiri Celsius) ndi mphepo yochepa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado, nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete, kupindika, zovala zansalu, nkhupakupa ndi ma saw.
Boverin
Mankhwala amapangidwa pamaziko a bowa spores. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tizirombo wamba m'mabedi otsekedwa komanso m'malo obisika. Yankho limodzi la mankhwalawa limavomerezeka kuti lizigwiritsidwa ntchito pofunda, nyengo yopanda, yoposa 25 digiri Celsius.
"Boverin" imatha kuwononga kachilomboka ka Meyi ndi mphutsi zake, chingwe, chimbalangondo, kachilomboka ku Colorado ndi mphutsi zake, komanso mphukira ndi zovala zoyera.
Lepidocide
Izi ndi zovuta kupanga kwachilema mabakiteriya. Mlingo woyenera wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mamililita 10-15 pa ma 5 malita a madzi ndi kutentha kosaposa 20 digiri Celsius. Kuzungulira kwa yankho lomalizira kumadalira mbewu.
Imalimbana bwino ndi kuukira kwa mbozi za mibadwo yonse, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njenjete zam'madzi ndi agulugufe, amawononga zitsamba ndi tizirombo tambiri ta mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tizirombo ta mbewu zamasamba.
Bitoxibacillin
Chochita chimapangidwa pamaziko a bakiteriya. Kudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera, tizilombo timafa m'nthawi yochepa (mkati mwa masiku 3-7) poizoni, popeza mankhwalawo amalowa m'matumbo awo ndikusokoneza ntchito yake.
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale nyengo yotentha. Kwa malita 10 amadzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere 70 mamililita a mankhwalawo.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ziwonongeke zamtundu uliwonse wa mphutsi, nthata za kangaude, kafadala wa mbatata wa Colorado, mitundu yonse ya njenjete zomwe zimadya, mbozi ndi njenjete.
Metarizine
Chochita chimapangidwa pamaziko a bowa spores ndi kuwonjezera kwa sodium gummat, zomwe zimathandizira kukonzanso komanso chonde chambiri.
Pa malo aliwonse okwana mamilimita 10, ndikokwanira kupanga pafupifupi magalamu 10 a mankhwalawa. Kudyetsa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito pozizirira, nyengo yabwino yophukira.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo ta dothi (mwachitsanzo, mphutsi), Metarizin imawonjezera madzi kuthirira. Kuti mankhwalawo afalikire m'mundawo, zimatenga miyezi ingapo.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga chikumbu cha Colorado ndi May ndi mphutsi zawo, motsutsana ndi udzudzu ndi grubber, komanso polimbana ndi mafinya.
Nematophagin
Mankhwala achilengedwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi mycelium ndi conidia amodzi mwa bowa wabwino kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tizirombo tomwe timakhala nthawi zambiri tikamabzala. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamafuta komanso osungunuka.
Kuchokera pamililita 5 mpaka 10 ya mankhwalawo amawonjezedwa pachitsime chilichonse nthawi yomweyo asanadzalemo mbande zamasamba. Komanso, mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku angapo asanafesere mbewu. Ndi yankho lokonzekera la malita 10 amadzi ndi mamililita 200 a Nematofagin, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira mabedi m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe.
Fitoverm
Maziko a mankhwalawo ndi bowa wa nthaka. Kukonza ziyenera kuchitika masana dzuwa litalowa mumalo abata. Kutalika kwa njira yothira kumera kutengera mtundu wa mbewu yomwe ikuthandizidwa. Pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, mutha kuwonjezera pa 1 mpaka 10 mamililita. Zotsatira za ndewuyo zimawonedwa patatha pafupifupi masiku asanu.
Mothandizadi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, mphutsi zawo, komanso agulugufe ndi mbozi.
Verticillin
The mycelium ndi spores imodzi mwa bowa wa entomopathogenic ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'zinthu zachilengedwe izi. Njira yothetsayi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira nthaka ndikuwaza mbewu. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi tizilombo tozizira, koma makamaka motsutsana ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba.
Pa ndowa yayikulu yamadzi, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchokera kumamilimitala 100 mpaka 500 a ndalama. Kusanthula mbewu kumachitika nyengo yotentha yokhala ndi kutentha kwa 17 mpaka 25 digiri.
Wanyumba
Maziko azinthu zamtunduwu ndizotulutsa fir ya ku Siberia. Mankhwalawa ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, amagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo zonse - mvula komanso youma, ozizira (mpaka 5 digiri Celsius) ndi kutentha. Njira yothetsera sitimayi itayika masiku 10. Pa malita asanu aliwonse a madzi muyenera kuwonjezera ma millilitita atatu okha a "Chilimwe wokhala".
Mankhwalawa ndi othandizadi pothana ndi nyerere, koma amatha kuthana ndi chilimwe okhalamo ndi olima m'munda pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazipulula zamasamba, zipatso ndi mabulosi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, chithandizo chambiri chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zofunikira zimafunidwa - kuyambira katatu mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi.
Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimachitika tsiku lachinayi kapena lachisanu, osati kale. Ndipo izi zidzachitika nyengo yabwino nyengo - popanda mvula komanso kugwa kwamwadzidzidzi.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe sikukhudza mtundu wa mbewu. Sizowopsa kwa anthu komanso kwa mbewu komanso kwa abale athu ang'onoang'ono. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, mbewu yachilengedwe imakhala yotsimikizika.
