Begonia imatha kupezeka osati pazenera zokha, komanso m'mapaki ndi maluwa. Mitundu yowala ndi yosangalala idamuthandiza kuti atchuke. Ili ndi dzina lake kuchokera ku dzina la Michel Begon, yemwe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17 adapeza duwa losadziwika pa Antilles ndikufotokoza.
Masiku ano, Amereka, Asia ndi Africa ndi malo achilengedwe azomera, koma mutha kulimidwa kunyumba pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi begonias
Duwa la begonia ndimtundu kapena pachaka chosatha. Shrub imatha kutalika mamita awiri kutalika ndi yaying'ono - pafupifupi 1-2 masentimita - maluwa. Zosankha zabwino kwambiri zimapereka maluwa mpaka 30 cm. Zothandiza pazinthu ndizophatikizira:
Kuthira mwachangu kwa mankhwala owopsa, chifukwa chomwe mpweya mchipindacho umatsukidwa mwachangu.- Chinyezi.
- Kuthetsa ma radiation yamagetsi.
- Ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza (ma organic acid ndi ma tannins), omwe ali ndi zinthu zakale komanso antiseptic, motero angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe.
Kuthira mwachangu kwa mankhwala owopsa, chifukwa chomwe mpweya mchipindacho umatsukidwa mwachangu.Zinthu zothandiza:
- Kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chokwanira kwa anthu okhala mnyumba.
- Kubwezeretsa ndikuchotsa malingaliro a kutopa.
- Masautso amachepetsa.
Otsatira a Feng Shui amakhulupirira kuti chomera chimathandiza kuthetsa mikangano, Chotsani mphamvu zoyipa, kukonza biofield komanso kukulitsa kudzidalira pamlingo wakudziwitsa.
Begonia imagawidwa kukhala chikwi cha mitundu yonse, osatchulapo ma hybrids zikwi ziwiri. Mitundu yambiri imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- maluwa: Ndiwo maluwa kwambiri;
- tsamba lokongoletsa: adakula chifukwa cha zokongola zobiriwira.
Njira zolerera
Nyumba nthawi zambiri zimakulitsidwa mpaka kalekale komanso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zamaluwa. Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira mbewu.
Kufalitsa mbewu. Amabzala mu February, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi la peat ndi mchenga komanso magawo awiri a masamba. Mphika wokutidwa ndi chivundikiro chowonekera ndikusiyidwa mu chipinda chotentha. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi njira yodulira.
Pakatha sabata, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera. Akakhala olimba, amayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono mikhalidwe yachipinda. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mutha kudzala zitsamba, koma mosamala kwambiri: zidakali zopanda pake ndipo zimafa mosavuta. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, begonia imatha kusinthidwa kwathunthu kupita kumalo osankhidwa.
Njira yofalitsira tubers. Tamera mizu, muyenera kuwayika pa nsalu yonyowa ndikudikirira mpaka mizu itawonekera. Kenako ikhoza kuikidwa pansi, koma osayika m'manda kwambiri: tuber iyenera kutulutsa masentimita 1-2 kuchokera munthaka ikatentha, mbewuyo ibzalidwe m'munda wamaluwa wotseguka.
Zojambula zamaluwa
Malamulo akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kukula bwino ndi maluwa:
Begonia imakula ndikukula bwino mu kutentha: osati kutsika ndi +18 madigiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi madigiri a +20 m'chilimwe.- Amakonda kuwala, koma samalekerera bwino ma ray mwachindunji, chifukwa chake ndibwino osachisiya kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pano.
- Pamafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma ndikofunikira kuti mupeze muyeso, musadzaze nthaka ndikuyesetsa kuti musavutike masamba. Sikoyenera kupopera mankhwala konse: izi zingapangitse kuwonekera kwa masamba pamasamba. Ndikofunika kusiya chidebe chamadzi pafupi ndi kukhalabe ndi chinyezi.
- Payokha, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chomera sichikonda chilolezo. Ndikwabwino kusasuntha mosafunikira komanso kuti musakhudze masamba ndi manja anu.
- Chisamaliro ndichosavuta: ingodulani masamba owuma. Mitundu ina imafunika kudulira nsonga kuti zikhale chammbali.
- Munthawi ya kukula, mutha kuwonjezera umuna ndi mchere.
- Matenda akulu ndi awa: powdery mildew, zowola, mabakiteriya owonera. Pakati pa tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, mavu, mbozi, mphukira ndi matcheri ndizodziwika.
Begonia imakula ndikukula bwino mu kutentha: osati kutsika ndi +18 madigiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi madigiri a +20 m'chilimwe.Mitundu yayikulu
Ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zomwe angasankhe, mitundu yambiri ndiyodziwika pakati pa zoweta. Amakhala ndi zina za chisamaliro ndikukula.
Chamuyaya. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, begonia yokoma, Lanciana ndi Schmidt ndiodziwika kwambiri. Amakhala ndi masamba osalala komanso maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera, ofiira kapena apinki. Amakula mpaka 50 cm.
Kuti mutukuke bwino, ndikofunikira kuwona maola owonjezereka masana - osachepera 16-18 maola. Ma phytolamp apadera angathandize. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala osachepera +20 madigiri. Kuti mumize duwa mwachinsinsi, ndikokwanira kutsika kutentha mpaka madigiri 15. Kawiri pamwezi, ndikofunikira kuyamwa nyambo ndi boron ndi manganese.
Tiger. Samakula pamwamba pa 30 cm, womwe ndi wabwino kwambiri kunyumba. Nthawi zambiri limamasula nthawi yozizira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi oyera kapena ofiira, masamba ndi ang'ono, opanda mawonekedwe m'mphepete, obiriwira owala okhala ndi malire a bulauni komanso malo owala.
Kusamalira sikusiyana ndi nthawi zonse. Alimi ena amakonda kuchotsa maluwa, chifukwa sizimayimira zokongola zilizonse.
Griffin (kalasi yachifumu). Gulu lachifumu lachifumu. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba akulu, omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri: wobiriwira wakuda ndi pinki, pang'ono pang'ono.
Wachikasu. Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'mabungwe - terry ndi sanali terry, palinso mitundu iwiri. Zosankha zamtundu zimasiyananso: pinki, zoyera, zofiira, zachikaso zomwe zimakhala ndi pinki.
Imafika pamtunda wa masentimita 40−45, imakhala ndi mphukira. Masamba ndi chowulungika, okhala ndi ma denticles m'mbali. Mbali yakunja kwa iwo ndi yosalala, yokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, mkati mwake muli burgundy wokhala ndi fluff.
Zopanda. Dzinali limachokera ku utoto wamkati mwa pepalalo. Masamba amafika 15 cm, tsinde ndi lalifupi, labiliwira wobiriwira. Limamasula ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki kuyambira Disembala mpaka Juni. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomera chamtchire chimapezeka.
Chitsulo. Dzinali limachokera pamasamba: mbali yakunja ndi yobiriwira mopepuka ndipo imakhala ndi mitsitsi yofiirira komanso tint yachitsulo. Itha kumera mpaka 90 cm.
Ndi wodzichepetsa chisamaliro: zolimbitsa chinyezi ndi kuthirira, kusowa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala m'nthaka yokhala ndi acidic ndipo nthawi zina mumatembenukira mbali zina kuti dzuwa likapangire chitsamba chokongola.
Zosiyanasiyana za begonias omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera
Matalala. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri: yomwe ili ndi maluwa ofiira komanso ofiira ofiira. Kutalika ndi 30−90 masentimita, ma shiti ndi siliva okhala ndi mitsempha yobiriwira, gawo lamunsi ndilofiyira. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 5, zomwe zimadulidwa ndikudula. Imafunika kudulira nthawi zonse, apo ayi ikhoza kukula kwambiri. Chimawoneka bwino m'miphika yopachikika.
Royal begonia kapena rex. Amasiyana m'masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi mipata yolowera ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa: amawoneka kuti ali ndi malo okhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Monga mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa, maluwawo ndi ochepa komanso amazilala, nthawi zambiri amakongoleredwa atangobereka kumene.
Royal begonia imafuna chinyezi chokwanira komanso malo amdima, sichilekerera mpweya wouma ndi chinyezi pamasamba.
Ampelic. Amadziwikanso kuti kupachika paminga: akuwonda kwambiri ndikupanga "mathithi" okongola, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuwabzala mumphika. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nyundo. Maluwa ndi ochepa, mpaka 5 cm, mtundu wowala: burgundy, lalanje, ofiira.
Ngakhale kuti maluwa amawuma patatha masiku 10, atsopano amapezeka m'malo mwake. Zimafunikira kuunikira bwino ndi kutentha, zimatha kupirira mpaka +25 madigiri. Kudyetsa ndi mchere nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu kasupe ndi feteleza wachilengedwe m'chilimwe (osatinso kawiri pa nyengo) akulimbikitsidwa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Pendula begonia.
Cleopatra. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a masamba, idalandira dzina loti American Maple. Kunja kwake kuli mitundu ya maolivi, yokhala ndi tsitsi loyera kumbuyo.
Tsinde ndi lokwera, limakula mpaka 35c. Simalola kuthirira mopitirira muyeso komanso mpweya wouma. Pa chitukuko chofanana, ndikofunikira kutembenuza chitsamba kuti mbali zonse ziziwala.
Mitundu ya begonias yamaluwa oyambira
Elator kapena dzinja. Chomera chofanizira chimafika kutalika kwa 40 cm, masamba owoneka ndi mtima ndi ochepa, mpaka 8 cm, ndi malo osalala komanso owoneka bwino. Maluwa nawonso ndi ang'ono, osapitirira 5 cm, nthawi zambiri pinki.
Maluwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka nthawi yozizira, komabe, masamba atatha, kukongoletsa konse kutayika, ndipo begonia imafunanso kukonzanso.
Kuti pakhale maluwa ambiri, ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono muchepetse maola owala masana mpaka maola 9 (chizolowezi chizikhala choposa maola 16), kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu yakuda. Izi zikuthandizira kuti maluwa ambiri azitha kuyenda mozungulira. Kupanda kutero, Elatior siwosiyana ndi upangiri wamba.
Osayima. Ichi ndi chomera cha pachaka, chosapitilira masentimita 20. Nthawi yomweyo, chiri chowala kwambiri: maluwa amafikira pafupifupi masentimita 10, masamba ali obiriwira owala. Limamasula kuyambira June mpaka chisanu choyamba. Kudyetsa ndikofunikira kawiri pamwezi.
Bauer. Malingaliro ndiwabwino kwa oyambitsa wamaluwa: siufuna komanso nthawi yomweyo wokongola. Ili ndi masamba akuluakulu okongoletsa omwe sangasiyidwe padzuwa, apo ayi amawoneka.
Kutsirira ndizochepa, matenthedwe ayenera kukhala osachepera +16 madigiri. Mtundu wocheperako wa Bauer umakula mpaka 10 cm, koma umapereka maluwa oyera ndi oyera.
Ngakhale pali zovuta zina pakusamalira, begonia ndi yosavuta komanso yopanda tanthauzo. Kuphatikiza apo, adzabwezera kukongola kwa masamba ndi maluwa owala, omwe amasangalatsa aliyense.
