Star katswiri

Dzinali limachokera ku Chigriki. Asisi ndi chikopa ndipo nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi ndipo, Mwambiri, zimatanthauzira mawonekedwe. Pafupifupi mitundu 8 yomwe imapezeka ku East Asia.

Aspidistra ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chololera, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chomera cha chitsulo."

Aspidistra, mtundu wopanda zitsamba zosatheka za banja lanjala. Kuyambira mitundu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi itatu imadziwika, yogawidwa m'mapiri Akumwera. ndi Kummawa. Asia, Japan. Ku Russia, A. lurida (A. elatior) nthawi zambiri amalimidwa m'malo obiriwira ndi zipinda pansi pa dzina "banja lochezeka" (dzina lakale la generic ndi plectogyne); chimalekerera kupindika kwakukulu. M'madera ang'onoang'ono muzitha kulima kutchire.

Zomera zokhala ndi masamba oyambira achikuda ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono atakhala pazifupi zazifupi pafupi ndi dziko lapansi. Mphukira zambiri zobisika mobisa zomwe zimabisala mobisa. Tsamba lililonse lobiriwira ndi la mphukira yopindika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala masamba ena. Awo ndi ang'ono, oterera, opanda petiole ndi tsamba. Ntchito yamamba awa ndikuteteza tsamba lobiriwira lomwe, lomwe limalimba, kuti liwuluke m'nthaka. Pambuyo pakupanga tsamba limodzi lobiriwira, kukula kwake kumayimitsa chitukuko. Izi zitha kuwerengedwa kuchokera kumunsi kwa tsamba lomwe lakulungidwa mu mawonekedwe a fundeni. Kukula kwake kunali mkati mwakuya kwa fanoli. Maluwa okhala ndi khungu lofiirira lofiirira limapangidwa m'makoko a masamba ofiira, koma ma spidistra limamasula nthawi zina.

Mtsitsi waku dziko lakwawo suwonedwa ngati wokongola, komanso chomera chofunikira, chifukwa podumphira masamba amaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa njoka zapoizoni zomwe zikukwawa m'nkhalangomo ndikukhudza agwape. Aspidistra amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala: zinthu zamankhwala zimakhala ndi magawo onse a mbewu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati agwidwa, matenda am'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi miyala mumkodzo. Aspidistra ndiyofunikira kwambiri kukongoletsa zipinda zopanda kuwala kosakwanira komanso kusintha kwa kutentha. Makopi akulu azithunzi amakhala ngati chokongoletsera chabwino cha maholo, ma vestibules, minda yozizira. Ku Japan, masamba a aspidistra amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza maluwa osiyanasiyana.

Mawonekedwe

Kutentha: Amakula bwino pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira pamafunika kuzizira, osati bwino kuposa 15 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu ndi 10-12 ° C, osachepera 5 ° C. Ikasungidwa nthawi yozizira pa kutentha pamwamba pa 20 ° C, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumafunikira.

Zowunikira: M'chilimwe, kugwedezeka kwa dzuwa lowala, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, katsitsumzukwa amafunika kuunikira kwabwino.

Kuthirira: Ochulukirapo kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira - yolimbitsa kapena yocheperako, kutengera kutentha.

Feteleza: Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembu, masabata awiri aliwonse amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wamadzimadzi munyumba.

Chinyezi cha mpweya: Prididistra imanyamula mpweya wouma pokhapokha ngati sikutentha kwambiri. Komabe, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusamba masamba kumangokhudza chomera.

Thirani: Popeza aspidistra silivomera kumuika, amawusintha ndikofunikira - patatha zaka 3-4, kasupe. Dothi ndi chisakanizo cha malo a turf (magawo awiri), tsamba (gawo 1), humus (1 gawo), peat (1 gawo) ndi mchenga (gawo 1).

Ntchito: Chapakatikati, kugawa chitsamba poika mbewu. Aspidistra ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi tsamba, malinga ndi ukadaulo wapadera.

Chisamaliro

Aspidistra amaonedwa kuti ndi chomera komanso chosalolera mthunzi. Kukongoletsa kwathunthu kwa aspidistra kumatheka kokha ngati akusamalidwa bwino.

Aspidistra sifunikira malo okhala ndi dzuwa, ikhoza kusungidwa mbali yakumpoto komanso patali kuchokera pawindo. Itha kulimidwa popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent kwa maola 16 patsiku. Kwa mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyatsa kwabwino kumafunika, ndikusowa kwake, utoto wa masamba utayika.

Aspidistra imalekerera kutentha kwa chipinda. Kutentha m'chipindacho kulibe kanthu - zonse zipinda zofunda ndi zofunda ndizoyenera. M'nyengo yachisanu-yozizira, kutentha kwambiri kumakhala mkati mwa 16 ° C.

Mu nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, imathiriridwa madzi ambiri, koma dothi loumbidwalo siliyenera kukhala lodzaza madzi, koma osati louma kwambiri. Amathiriridwa madzi bwino kuti pakati pa kuthiriridwa pamtunda wapansi pang'onopang'ono. M'dzinja-nthawi yozizira imamwetsa madzi pang'ono, tsiku kapena awiri atayimitsa dothi lapansi. Madzi othirira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zofewa.

Chinyezi sichichita mbali yofunika. Masamba amasambitsidwa pafupipafupi (makamaka kawiri pa sabata), njirayi imakhudza bwino mbewu.

Amadyetsa aspidistra pa nthawi yomwe akukula kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu ali ndi feteleza komanso michere ya sitimayi yovomerezeka. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira samadyetsa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa aspidistra ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa izi zimataya masamba a masamba.

Mawonekedwe

Aspidistra simalola kuikidwa, chifukwa chake chimachitika. Zomera zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi yomweyo zimatha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa rhizome. Mukabzala aspidistra, mumafunikira chakudya chambiri, chosakaniza chopangidwa ndi turf, humus lapansi ndi mchenga (3: 3: 1). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza: pepala lapansi, tinthu tating'ono, humus ndi mchenga (2: 2: 2: 1). Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti pazomera zonse zokongoletsa komanso zopatsa chidwi, dothi lamtundu wotengedwa kuchokera kumunda wamtchire (lolemeretsedwa ndi nayitrogeni, lomwe limapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya a nodule omwe amapezeka pamizu yamuzu) ndizothandiza kwambiri. Koma sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wogula malo oterowo, chifukwa chake mutha kugula zosakanizika ndi dothi zopangidwa kale ndi nitrogen zambiri.

Kuswana

Chapakatikati, kugawa chitsamba poika mbewu. Aspidistra ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi tsamba, malinga ndi ukadaulo wapadera. Amakhala m'lingaliro loti katsitsidwe kamadulidwe kamadulidwa popanda tsamba lotseguka, kotero kuti tsamba lambiri lokhazikika m'munsi mwa tsamba (lomwe limapangidwa ndi masamba ofunda ofanana ndi nyini) limasungidwa. Kenako chidutswa cha tsamba chimayimitsidwa ndikuyika m'botolo ndi madzi (botolo ndi khosi lalikulu, ngati kefir). Botolo limatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro ndikutimbidwa ndi pulasitine kuti mpweya usalowe. Botolo limayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso owala. Mizu ikaoneka pachidutswa cha tsamba, imatengedwa ndikubzala dothi lotayirira (lodzala ndi masamba) ndikuphimbidwa ndi mtsuko kapena kuyikika m'chipinda chobiriwira. Ngati mizu yake sinawonekere, ndipo kumapeto kwa tsamba kudayamba kuwonongeka ndikuvunda, ndiye kuti mutha kudula kuti ikhale ndi minofu yathanzi (kokha pamalo omwe tsamba limakulirakulira) ndikuyiyikanso m'botolo m'madzi oyera.

Aspidistra yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazomera kwambiri m'nyumba.. Palinso mitundu ina yokongola kwambiri yomwe masamba ake ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, koma ikufunika kwambiri posamalira, mwachitsanzo, imafunika kuyatsa kwabwinoko.

Chimodzi mwazabwino za aspidistra ndikuti simalola mpweya woipitsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino. Aspidistra sachita chidwi ndi kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa chinyontho, ndipo kapangidwe ka nthaka sikofunikira kwenikweni chifukwa cha iyo. Chifukwa chake ,aspidistra itha kukhala yabwino kuti iyambitse wamaluwa oyambira, komanso kwa iwo omwe alibe nthawi yosamalira bwino mbewu.

Mukakulitsa aspidistra, munthu ayenera kulabadira kuti, monga mbewu zonse zomwe zimafalikira pakugawa kwa nthambizazi, pambuyo paziwonjezera ndipo, makamaka, magawano, sangakule kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ngati mizu yakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti imapweteka.

Imapirira kusowa kwa kuwala, chinyezi, kusanja, fumbi, utsi wa fodya, dothi losauka, kusintha kwa kutentha, koma limayankha chifukwa chokhala ndi masamba abwino. Amawopa kufinya nthaka, makamaka kutentha kwambiri.

Mitundu

Aspidistra mkulu (Aspidistra elatior Blume).

Kwawo - nkhalango zakumwera kwa China ndi Japan. Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa m'nyumba komanso wowonjezera kutentha kwamaluwa, uli ndi mitundu. Zitsamba zamuyaya ndi zokwawa pansi panthaka kapena pansi panthaka. Pamtunda wamtali, masamba obiriwira amdima ofanana ndi kakombo wa chigwa amakula, wokulirapo. Masamba ndi onyansa, olimba, otanuka, mbale yawo imakhala yolumikizana kwambiri kapena yotakata kwambiri, mpaka 50cm kutalika, 15 cm mulifupi, kusanduka petiole yayitali. Patsamba pafupifupi lililonse lamasamba oterowo, pali masamba ochepa osachedwa 1-2 omwe amatchinga petiole ngati nyini. Pali masamba ambiri ndipo onse ali otalikilana kotero kuti anthu amatcha "aspidistra" banja lokondana. Maluwa amawonekera padzikoli pamtunda. Perianth imakhala ngati belu lozungulira, lokhala ndi ma loboti 8, ofiira kapena achikasu. Ma stamen 8 amamangiriridwa ndi chubu cha perianth. Chipatsochi chimakhala chofanana ndi mabulosi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Kukula kwa mbewu

Cholinga chake chingakhale kusowa kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.

Njira zoyendetsera: ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuyo ndi yankho la urea (1g / l).

Masamba Otha:

Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala kukokomeza kapena kusokoneza madzi a dothi. Chifukwa china chingakhale chopanda gawo lalikulu kwambiri.

Njira zoyendetsera: Sinthani kuthirira. Sinthani gawo laling'ono ndi lina labwino kwambiri.

Masamba adasungunukaMasamba amatembenuka:
Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala kuperewera. Sinthani kuwala. Ngati mbewuyo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali pakudula, ndikofunikira kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono kuwunikira kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyang'ana kumbuyo ndi nyali za fluorescent ndikofunikira.

Malangizo a tsamba loyera:

Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala chouma kwambiri mchipindamo kapena kusowa madzi okwanira.

Mawonekedwe amdima adawoneka pamasamba:

Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala hypothermia kapena kukonzekera. Chochititsa china chingakhale matenda.

Tsamba lachikaso:

Mwina izi zikuwonetsa kukalamba kwa chomera, kapena kuti nthangala yake yayamba kuvunda. Poterepa, chepetsani kuthirira ndikuchiza mbewuyo ndi fungicides, ndi nthaka yokhala ndi potaziyamu permanganate (0,2% yankho).

Dzuwa:

Mawonekedwe akuda kapena bulauni amawoneka pamphepete ndi nsonga za masamba.

Njira zoyendetsera: ikani chomera pamalo pomwe pamtunda.

Matenda a Chlorosis

Masamba amatembenukira chikasu, petals amatembenukira wobiriwira m'maluwa ndi kusintha kwa mitundu.

Njira zoyendetsera: kuwononga mbewu yodwala.

Makala a Aspidistra ndi fern.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayamwa timasunthasuntha mu gawo lazokula, lotchedwa "kusokera". Pambuyo poyamwa oyenda pansi pa pepalalo, matupi awo amakutidwa ndi chikopa cholimba. Ndi matenda amphamvu, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa. Sopo fungus imangokhala pazomata zolimba za ma scum.

Njira zoyendetsera: chotsani mankhwalawa ndikusambitsa masamba ndi sopo wamadzi. Ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa, gwiritsirani ntchito karbofos kapena fufanon.

Kangaude wofiyira.

Masamba otyira, owonda kwambiri amawonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba, masamba amakhala otuwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawuma.

Njira zoyendetsera: nyowetsani mpweya pafupipafupi ndi kupopera mbewuzo ndi madzi ofunda. Phimbani ndi pulasitiki yowoneka bwino kwa masiku angapo. Ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa, mugwire ndi okhazikika.