Mu chilengedwe, mbewu ngati gloriosa (Gloriosa) imapezeka kumadera otentha a Africa ndi Asia. Mitundu iyi imayimira banja la melantius ndipo imagwirizanitsa kuchokera ku mitundu isanu mpaka isanu ndi iwiri ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba, mtundu uwu unkaperekedwa ku banja la kakombo.
Chomera ichi chimawoneka bwino kwambiri. Dzinali gloriosa limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini Gloria, lotanthauza "ulemerero."
Gloriosa ndi udzu wobiriwira wambiri. Mapulogalamu ama curly amaphimba timapepala tambiri. Timapepala tokhala pamphumi tokhala ndi lanceolate tili moyang'anizana kapena zitatu. Malamba ataliatali, omwe maluwa okongola amakula, amatuluka masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala pamitu yazomera.
Gloriosa amasamalira kunyumba
Kupepuka
Chomera chimafunikira chowala, koma ndi kuyatsa kosokoneza uku. Ndimamva bwino koposa pazenera za kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Ikaikidwa pazenera lakum'mwera, ndikofunikira kuti izikhala ndi mthunzi wowonekera dzuwa. Chomera chongogulidwa kumene chimazolowera kuunikira pang'onopang'ono. Zomwezi zimachitikanso patatha nthawi yayitali.
Mitundu yotentha
M'nyengo yamasika-chilimwe, duwa limafunikira kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Iyenera kutetezedwa ku mpweya wozizira komanso zojambulajambula, chifukwa gloriosa imakumana nawo molakwika. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yopuma imawonedwa. Pambuyo maluwa (m'dzinja), ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthirira, kenako ndikuyimitsa. Kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa nthawi yophukira, gawo la mbewu pamtunda limafa. Mizuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa mu dothi, ndikuwaza ndi mchenga pang'ono wowuma ndikuyika m'malo ozizira (8-10 madigiri) kuti isungidwe. Ayenera kukhala pomwe amafikira mpaka kukafika.
Momwe mungamwere
M'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yachilimwe, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kokwanira komanso madzi osalala okhala bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Onetsetsani kuti dothi lomwe lili mumphika nthawi zonse limakhala lonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira sikuchitidwa.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Akakula kunyumba, chinyezi chowonjezereka chimafunikira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira miyala yaying'ono kapena dongo lokulitsidwa mumkati ndi kuthira madzi, koma nthawi yomweyo pansi pamphikawo sikuyenera kukumana ndi madzi. Ndikofunikira kuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse, koma onetsetsani kuti madziwo sagwera pamaluwa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti mawanga apangidwe, zomwe zingapangitse mbewuyo kusiya kutulutsa zokongoletsa.
Maluwa
Maluwa ndi okongola modabwitsa ndipo amawonedwa mchilimwe. Maluwa pawokha amawerama, pomwe perianth imakwera, ndipo izi sizowoneka zokongola kwambiri, komanso zimakopa tizilombo. Amakhulupirira kuti kupukutira chibadwa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti agulugufe sangakhale pamaluwa. Amamwa mankhusu pa ntchentche, kwinaku akugwedeza mapiko awo, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti ma enthers amatuluka ndi mungu umagwera pa manyazi. Pang'onopang'ono, mtundu wachikaso umasinthika kukhala wofiyira, pomwe maluwa amatuluka mosinthika (pafupifupi 7 inflorescence nyengo imodzi).
Feteleza
Mtengowo ukadzakula mwamphamvu mu masika, muyenera kuyamba kuvala ndi feteleza wapadera wamadzimadzi munyumba zam'mera. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yonse ya maluwa, ndipo malangizo ayenera kutsatiridwa.
Zosunga
Popeza chomera ichi ndi cha liana, amafunika kuchirikizidwa, kuti akagwire anangula omwe ali pamalangizo a masamba. Mphukira zokha zimakhala zosalimba, kuti tipewe kuwonongeka chifukwa chakusowa kwa tinyanga m'munsi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timangirire. Mphukira sizingakule mozungulira othandizira, amaphatikizidwa ndi masharubu ku chinthu chopyapyala. Pakakhala kuti sizingatheke kuyika chithandizo chocheperako ngati waya, mphukira imayenera kumangirizidwa nthawi zonse. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, kukula kwakukulu kumawonedwa, ndipo munthawi imeneyi chomera chimatha kutalika masentimita 200, koma izi ndizosayenera. Kuti mufupikitse kutalika, mphukira ziyenera kuwongoleredwa mozama, ndikuziweramitsa pang'ono.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuchepetsa kumachitika kamodzi pachaka. Kuthekera ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha ceramic, otsika komanso lonse. Pokonzekera zosakanikirana zapadziko lapansi, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza humus ndi deciduous land, peat ndi mchenga wozungulira 4: 2: 0.5: 0.5. Musaiwale za danga labwino lokwanira. Mukabzala, tuber imayikidwa mozungulira, pomwe imakutidwa ndi masentimita awiri okha. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti tuber imakhala ndi mphukira imodzi ndipo ngati itayika, mphukira singathe (mbali ya tuber sioyenera kubzala). Kubzala kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu yozizira, pomwe dziko liyenera kukhala lopukutidwa pang'ono ndikufunika kutentha kwa madigiri 15-20. Zomerazo zikawoneka, chidebe chimakonzedwanso pazowunikira bwino.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ma tubers kapena mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa ndi tubers. Pobzala, gwiritsani ntchito miphika yotalika masentimita 13 yodzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi pepala, humus ndi sod land, komanso mchenga, womwe uyenera kutengedwa mogwirizana ndi 2: 2: 1: 0.5. Tuber ili ndi mphukira (iyi ndi khola kumbuyo). Kuwaza ndi lapansi pa 3 sentimita. Mumafunikira kutentha (kuyambira madigiri 20 mpaka 24) ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika pambuyo pa nyongayo. Zimayambira zimangirizidwa ndi msomali. Mizu yake ikaleka kukwana mgawo, ndikofunika kuisongetsa mumphika wokulirapo kapena panthaka.
Zomera zopangidwa kuchokera kumbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Kuti mupeze njere, muyenera kupukuta maluwa ndi dzanja. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi kuti musamutse mungu kumanyo. Mbewu zatsopano zongobzala kumene zimafesedwa. Pofesa, gwiritsani ntchito chisakanizo chokhala ndi mbali zofanana za peat ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso mchenga. Kumera kumafuna kutentha kwa madigiri 20-24. Maluwa oyamba azikhala mchaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Poizoni
Mizu ya mbewuyi ndi yosakhazikika, chifukwa ili ndi poizoni. Gloriosa amayikidwa kutali ndi nyama ndi ana.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Ma Scabies amatha kukhazikika pamtengowo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la ufa wa ufa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo mukamakula:
- Kupanda maluwa, kukula pang'onopang'ono - pali kuwala pang'ono, tuber idawonongeka kapena sinasungidwe bwino.
- Zomera - chifukwa chakusintha kwadzaoneni, masamba ake amakhala amdima ndipo amayamba kupendekera, pomwe zimayambira zimakula pang'onopang'ono.
- Masamba achikasu - chinyezi chochepa, kuthilira ochepa (masamba amatembenukira chikasu, ndipo malangizowo amasandulika bulauni).
- Zovunda - kusunthika kwa madzi m'nthaka (tuber imayamba kuvunda, masamba amasanduka achikasu, ndipo mphukira umakhala wofewa komanso wowopsa).
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
Gloriosa wokongola (Gloriosa superba)
Mtunduwu uli ndi mayina ena ambiri a Gloriosa rothschildiana, Gloriosa abyssinica, Gloriosa virescens, Clinostylis speciosa, Gloriosa simplex ndi ena. Izi ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yazomera zam'makomo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukongoletsa kwake. Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Nepal, Sri Lanka, madera otentha a Africa komanso pagombe la Malabar (pamtunda wa mamita 1,500). Imakonda kumera panthaka zadongo komanso m'nkhalango zamvula. Zimayambira zimatha kutalika masentimita 150-200. Masamba obiriwira-lanceolate omwe amaloza pamwamba, amakula mbali zitatu ndipo amakonzedwa mwadongosolo. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 10, ndipo m'lifupi - 3 sentimita. Maluwa opitilira adakulungidwa pamwala wautali (kutalika mpaka masentimita 8, ndi m'lifupi mpaka masentimita 2,5). Amakhala ndi khungu lachilendo, mwachitsanzo, lachikasu mkati kuchokera pansi, lofiirira pamwamba, komanso nsomba za pinki panja. Limamasula kuyambira June mpaka Ogasiti.
Gloriosa simplex (Gloriosa simplex)
Imapezeka zachilengedwe m'malo otentha a Africa. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kufika ma sentimita 150. Masamba a Lanceolate kutalika amafika masentimita 8. Maluwa osalala, pang'ono masamba obiriwira amakula kuchokera mu tsamba limalakwika. Ma petals osapindika ndiotalika masentimita 5; amapaka utoto wobiriwira wachikasu ndi tint yofiirira. Limamasula kwambiri m'chilimwe.
Gloriosa Rothschild (Gloriosa rothschildiana)
Zimapezeka zachilengedwe m'nkhalango zotentha za Africa. Zimayambira pang'onopang'ono nthawi yomweyo, kenako zimayamba nthambi. Masamba a Lanceolate amakula mpaka masentimita 8 kutalika. Maluwa amakula kuchokera kuma sinuses ndikumalumikizidwa ndi ma pedicel aatali kwambiri (mpaka 10 cm). Mitengo yam'mbali ya lanceolate imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10, pomwe mbali zam'mphepete mwa zitsekozo zimakhala zazingwe komanso zokhala ndi dzanja. Maluwa ndi ofiira akuda ndipo ali ndi mawanga ofiira pansi pake. Limamasula m'chilimwe. Mitundu yamtundu wa Citrina imadziwika chifukwa chakuti pamitundu yokhala ndi mandimu ndi mawonekedwe ofiira amdima.
