Mtengo wa chitsa cha maluwa

Pazikhalidwe za maluwa, njira ziwiri zoberekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: masamba ndi mbewu. Zomera zambiri. Imapangidwa ndi budding, katemera, kudula, etc., Kufalitsa mbewu, monga lamulo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubereketsa mitundu yatsopano mukawoloka. Zopangira mphamvu zimafalikira ndi njere kuti zitheke kuti zitheke kapena kutemera.

Bush maluwa. © Rockyrosa

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya maluwa amalumikizidwa. Zomera zomwe zimamera maluwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda mphamvu, zosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Rosehip nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito ngati m'chiuno cha rose. Katundu ndiye maziko a scion, gawo lachikhalidwe la mbewu. Kutalika kwa tchire, Kukula kwake kwabwinobwino komanso kutukuka, zimatengera ndi katundu. Mphamvu ya katundu pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi zokolola nthawi yachisanu ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kusankha katundu wa duwa

Zitsamba za maluwa ziyenera kukhala ndi: chisanu chokana; kukana matenda a fungal, tizirombo; kukhazikika; masamba atalika; kupulumuka kwabwino, nthambi, yolowera kwambiri muzu wa dothi; khosi lalitali, losalala; kukana chilala ndi chinyezi chowonjezera; Kukula kwabwino ndikusowa zofunikira m'nthaka ndi feteleza; Kuphatikiza apo, sayenera kukhala ndi mizu ndi tsinde.

Mtundu uliwonse wa rosehipu umakhala ndi katundu wapadera wokhawo womwe umafunikira kwa iwo ndipo umafunikira nyengo zina kuti zikule. Maluwa omwewo, omwe amakula pamikhalidwe imodzimodzi, koma oculized pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rose yamchiuno, amakhazikika mosiyanasiyana: ena amakula ndi kuphuka bwino, ena amaponderezedwa, amakhudzidwa ndi matenda, maluwa pa iwo ndi ochepa. Kuyenera kwa duwa lakutchire ngati nkhokwe yamaluwa amtunduwu kumakhazikitsidwa.

Mizu ya masitolo a maluwa. © Kenneth S Williams

Kukula, kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa chomera cholumilidwa zimadalira makamaka pazomwe zimachitika ndi katundu ndi scion. Kufananira kumatchedwa kuthekera kwa masheya ndi ma scion kukula kokulirapo ndikupititsa patsogolo kukula kwachilendo ndi chitukuko. Kuwonetsera kosiyanasiyana kwa zoletsa zometedwa, mpaka kufa, nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kusagwirizana. Kusuntha kwamtundu womwewo kwa sitimayo ndi scion kumakhudza nthawi yomweyo chitukuko chonse, makamaka ndikadzaza mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ndi mgwirizano wabwino, amathandizana wina ndi mnzake komanso amathandizira kukula.

Pakupanda katemera kapena buddings kosagwirizana, kukula kwa scion kungakhale kofooka kapena kunenepa kungakule bwino mchaka choyamba ndikumwalira mwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi masheya ndi scion, kusagwirizana kwa phloem kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, kuyenda kwa zinthu zamapulasitiki ndi madzi kumizu, zimayambira ndi masamba kumachedwa. Masamba akulu komanso mizu yolimba samapangidwa. Mizu ya masheya imakhudza ma scion ocular.

Ngakhale duwa lolimba chotere, monga Gloria Dei, silimafikira kukongola kwakukulu ngati liziwoneka pamtunda ndi mizu yofooka. Amakhala ndi zofowoka zazifupi komanso maluwa owoneka bwino. Ngati munagula maluwa okongola a maluwa osiyanasiyana, ndipo mutaphukira sikunakule, musakhumudwe. Pereokulirovat iye pamphamvu yamphamvu. Kulumikizidwa, kumakhudzanso kuyika kwa mizu m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, titha kuyembekezera kuti Gloria Dei, yemwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi yolimba, yolumikizidwa pamtengo wabwino, ipangitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri kuposa chomera cha mitundu yomwe nthambi zotere sizimagwira.

Pali mitundu yambiri yamchiuno yakumaso. Ku North Caucasus kokha kuli oposa 50. Ena mwa iwo amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati zitsamba zobzala zakutchire, kutalika kwa malo otsetsereka, mitsinje, ena - kutola zipatso zokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri. Mitundu yochepa chabe yama rose rose yomwe ikulonjeza ngati masheya. Mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zozungulira komanso masamba opaque pa budding ndiyoyipa kwambiri. Makungwa awo ndi akhakula, kutuluka kwa timapeto kumatha kale kuposa ena. Kuchuluka kwa masamba pamitundu yotereyi kumakhala kotsika, maso amamera ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.

Katemera wa scion wa rose pamtundu wa rosehip. © Angelina & Mike Chute

Katemera wa scion wa rose pamtundu wa rosehip.

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva za maluwa oponderezedwa. Cholinga choponderezana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opanga zinthu, osapangika, osayesedwa, osakanikira kapena osagwirizana.

Monga lamulo, chiuno cha rose chimakololedwa m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'munda, m'mipata, m'mitsinje, m'mapiri. Zomera zam'madzi pang'onopang'ono zimatha m'malo okolola. Kututa zipatso kukukulira, pomwe kufunikira kwake kukuchuluka chaka chilichonse.

Tsoka ilo, mdziko lathuli mulibe mitengo yocheperapo, yoyesedwa ndi yolimbikitsidwa ya maluwa, ndipo omwe alipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito wamba m'mafamu okha. Malo ambiri osungirako ana amabzala mbewu zambiri zomwe zimakololedwa mu mzere kuchokera m'chiuno. Pambuyo pa izi, ndizovuta kuyembekezera zinthu zabwino. Ndizoyenera kunena mwambi wotchuka: "Musayembekezere fuko labwino kuchokera ku mbewu yoyipa." Kuyesa masheya kumachedweranso kwambiri.

Galu adanyamuka wabwino kwambiri maluwa

Padziko lonse lapansi, galu (rose) (Rosa canina) amawoneka bwino kwambiri ngati maluwa. M'dziko lathu, mtunduwu ndi wofala ndipo umaimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zopanda malire zakukula komanso kukhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo. Alimi a maluwa V.N.Bylov ndi N.L. Mikhailov amakhulupirira kuti mwayi wagalu unanyamuka ngati katundu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ndi kukaniza kwake zokwanira tizirombo ndi matenda, kulimba kwa nyengo yozizira, kwamphamvu, koma nthawi yomweyo mizu yopanda mizu, yopambana splicing ndi mitundu yonse ya maluwa ndikuonetsetsa kuti pali maluwa ambiri komanso moyo wautali. Alimi a rose a ku Germany Eric Noack ndi V.A. von Heting dzina 13 zodzala pazomera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zakhazikitsidwa posachedwa. Mwa iwo, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa mitundu yosankhidwa ya ennobled yojambulidwa kuchokera ku maluwa agalu.

M'malo obisalamo, masheya ali m'malo osiyanasiyana m'malo owonekera. Potere, iyenera kukhala nthawi ndi nthawi yozizira mwamtendere ndipo nthawi iliyonse pachaka ikupereka zobiriwira zobiriwira zapamwamba: wokhala ndi mitengo yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi maluwa okongola, osadulidwa, masamba okongola.

I.V. Michurin adawona kuti ndikofunikira kuchita zonse zofunika kuti musakale mbewu mwachangu, kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe akatswiri anapeza pa mbali imodziyi, ndikuwonjezera zambiri pazomwe amaphunzira asayansi a mapiri, nkhalango, mapiri, malo owoneka pang'ono, mapiri apadera a Caucasus ndi Madera akummawa a dzikolo, akubalira mitundu yambiri yamtengo wapatali yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Inde, m'matangadza a Caucasus mumapezeka mitengo yabwino kwambiri yamaluwa. Tiyenera kudziwa bwino za chuma ichi komanso posachedwa bwino. Mpaka pomwe nkhani yathetsa, maluwa abwino sangathe kukula.

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kusankha mbande ya hybrid rosehip kuyenera kuchitika ndi mabungwe ofufuza, malo oyesera, ndi assortment ya boma. Ziyenera kukhala choncho, koma kusayenda komweko kumawonedwabe mu rose lomwe likukula motere.

Kusankha ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pantchito ya nazale. Imathetsa vuto la mbande zokhazikika ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi vuto lakukweza zipatso zamaluwa. Kusankhako kumadalira kuphunzira za mikhalidwe ya kukula ndi kukula kwa maluwa ndi momwe amachitira ndi magawo akunja, kuphatikiza ukadaulo waulimi. Kuswedwa kwa mitengo yayikulu yoyambira kudalira masankhidwe osankhidwa a mbande za hybrid rosehip. Kusankhidwa m'matumba achilengedwe kumawoneka ngati kosavuta.

Ku Caucasus, munthu sayenera kudikirira kuti akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe apatsidwe mitundu ya maluwa yoyenerera. Chifukwa chake, mzaka zambiri, ndidasanthula nkhokwe zingapo m'mapiri a Caucasus, omwe amakula kuno m'magulu, minda yonse pamahekitala angapo.

Zotsatira zake, galu wamtundu C adasankhidwa ndikulimidwa, zomwe zimadziwonetsa bwino ponse paliponse komanso potetezedwa.

Kutalika kwa galu kutalika ndi 3-4 m, nthambi zake zimakhala zowongoka, zosasunthika, zowonjezereka kuchokera ku tsinde lalikulu, lomwe limakutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni. Ma spikes ndi ochepa kukula, owongoka, m'munsi amakulitsidwa, samasokoneza maluwa:

Masamba mbali zonse ndi yosalala, yodziwoneka bwino, yokhala ndi pepala lowongoka komanso maziko ozungulira, masentimita 2-4, 1-2 mulifupi, lakuthwa m'mphepete. Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 4-5, ophatikizidwa mu corymbose inflorescence atatu kapena asanu, nthawi zambiri - amodzi. Ma Pedicel amaliseche komanso osalala, ofanana kutalika kwa chipatso chokhwima kapena pang'ono. Masamba 20-25 mm patadutsa maluwa ndikupatuka ndipo amaponderezedwa, zipatso, ndikuyamba zipatso kucha. Maluwa ndi ofiira pinki. Zipatso 25mm kutalika, m'mphepete mwake mozungulira, ndikuwoneka malalanje ndi makhoma amtundu. Zokolola zipatso ku thengo mpaka 15 kg. Mizu yake ndi yotakata, yofalikira mpaka m'nthaka, yophukira. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chisanu, kutentha ndi nyengo zina zoyipa, matenda ndi tizilombo. Kugwirira ntchito kwake ndi zipatso zake zimakhala mpaka zaka 15.

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