Kuyika posachedwa ndikofunikira kwa mbewu zonse zamkati. Koma pankhani ya zimphona, opanga zipinda zazikulu, sizichitidwa mpaka zitheke, popeza ntchitoyi siyophweka. Ndipo kawirikawiri, zomwe wamkulu mbewu amafunika kumuika pachaka, osakhala ndi nthawi yophunzira dothi lonse mumaphika. Mu zaka pamene kuziika sikumachitika, nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuchita zofunika - m'malo mwa dothi. Pamwamba pamalopo pamakhala zaukhondo komanso kukhala ndi gawo labwinobwino.
Kusintha pang'ono kwa dothi lanyumba.
Kubwezeretsapo pang'ono mwa dothi ndi njira yosavuta yosafunikira maluso apadera kapena chidziwitso kuti asinthe mawonekedwe apamwamba a gawo lapansi m'miphika ndi mbewu zamkati.
Kubwezeretsa pang'ono pang'ono kumafunika nthawi zingapo:
- mbewuyo ikangosinthidwa osati pachaka, koma mobwereza bwereza kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3 kapena kuposerapo, m'malo mozula, dothi lakumalo loipitsidwa limaloledwa nthawi yabwino;
- kwa mbewu zazikulu-zazikulu zomwe zimakulidwa m'mabedi a maluwa a konkriti kapena miyala, komanso zotengera zomwe zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri kuti zitha kunyamula kapena kusuntha, ndikusintha zina ndi zina ndi njirayi;
- ngati dothi laphimbika, loyipitsidwa, loumbidwa, limapangidwa kambiri ndipo pamwamba pazisunthidwa kuti zitsimikizike ngati mpweya ndi madzi zilipo;
- ngati mbewuyo ili ndi tizirombo kapena matenda, zotupa ndi zazikulu, zimatayika masamba, mukalandira chithandizo ndi fungicides kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo, m'malo mwake, kumtunda kwa gawo lapansi kumachepetsa chiwopsezo cha zovuta, kumakuthandizani kuti muchotse zodetsa ndi magwero a matenda kuchokera pagawo;
- Ngati mizu ya mbeuyo imakulirakulira pamwamba pamphika, koma chomeracho sichingadzaze gawo lapansi ndipo palibe chifukwa (kapena palibe choti chingaikenso), amachotsa dothi lovundikalo ndikuwonjezera dothi lapansi lokwera mizu.
M'malo mwa gawo lina pamtunda pamakhala kulimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika munthawi yomweyo chomera, koma kumayambiriro kwamasika kapena nthawi yozizira si masiku okhawo amene amachita izi. M'malo mwake, kusinthanitsa ndi dothi kosatheka kungachitike nthawi iliyonse ikafunika. Ngati kumuika ndikazilowa m'malo, ndiye kuti nzoona - kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka Meyi. Koma ngati m'malo mukufunika kusintha pang'onopang'ono mkhalidwewo, umalumikizidwa ndi ukhondo, njira zothanirana, ndiye kuti zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, kupatula nyengo yachisanu, makamaka munthawi ya kukula kwa mbewu.
Njira yakale yochotsa dothi m'malo mwake ndikuyimitsanso idayambitsa lingaliro lina, malinga ndi momwe gawo lina limachitika kamodzi kokha pachaka, monga kumuyika womwewo, kwa mbewu zazing'ono kapena zomwe zikukula mwachangu. Kwa mbewu zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri, iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri. Koma ngati tikulankhula za zimphona zakunyumba zomwe ndizovuta kapena zosatheka kuzifotokozera konse, ndiye kuti nthaka iyenera kusinthidwa osachepera 2 pachaka. Kupatula apo, dothi la mbewuzi silinasinthidwe kwathunthu, ndipo kuti njirayi ikhale ndi mphamvu yocheperako, ndikofunikira kusintha mawonekedwe apamwamba mumphika kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pankhaniyi, m'malo amachitika mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Mukalowetsa chosanjikiza chapamwamba pazofunikira zaukhondo kapena zodzitetezera, zimachitika kangapo kofunikira, koma osapitilira nthawi 1 m'miyezi itatu.
Nthaka mumphika womwe unaundana ndi nyumba umafunikira kulowamo.
Ndi nthaka yochuluka bwanji yomwe ingachotsedwe ndikuikidwanso, nthawi zonse imatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha. Kuchuluka kwa gawo lochotsedwa lomwe litha kuchotsedwa pamiphika ndi gawo limodzi la nthaka yonse. Koma nthawi zonse ndibwino kuyang'ana pa chomera china. Lamulo lagolide lochotsa chimbudzi pamiphika ndi mbewu zamkati ndikuti nthaka yodetsedwa yokha ndiyomwe ingachotsedwe kuti mizu ya mbewu isanayambe kugwa. Popeza kulumikizana ndi rhizome kuyenera kupewedwa (ngakhale pang'ono), nthawi zina tikulankhula dothi loonda kwambiri.
Ndondomeko itha kuchitika pokha pouma. Zomera zomwe zimakonda chinyezi chokhazikika, lolani nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya 3-4 cm. Koma Mulimonsemo, kuchotsa chonyowa gawo lapansi ndikosayenera ndipo pambuyo kuthilira masiku angapo kudutsa.
Palibe chomwe chimavuta pakusintha gawo loyambira la gawo lapansi. Koma muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri komanso osamala, chitani kanthu mosamala kuti muchepetse ngozi zomwe zingayambitse kudyetsa mizu.
Njira yosinthira dothi lomangidwa ndi dothi lili ndi magawo angapo:
- Chidebe chomwe chili ndi mbewu chimasinthidwa pamalo osalala, okutira, okutidwa ndi filimu yoyika pamwamba, kapena chifuwa, chidebe, msungwana wamaluwa wazunguliridwa ndi kanema ndi pepala kuti apewe kuipitsidwa pansi.
- Masamba owuma amachotsedwa pachikhalidwe, korona amayang'aniridwa, ngati pakufunika, kuyeretsa kwaukhondo kumachitika, kudula mphukira zowuma ndi zowonongeka.
- Masamba amayeretsedwa ndi fumbi ndi litsiro ndi chofewa chofewa kapena chopukutira (ngati zingatheke).
- Ngati dothi lakumbidwa, kutumphuka kwapangika pa iyo, kupezeka kwamadzi kwaphwanyidwa, ndi foloko kapena chida chilichonse chogwira ntchito chomera cham'mimba, dothi limamasulidwa pang'ono osakhudza mizu.
- Choyamba, dothi limakulidwa mosamala m'mphepete mwa mphikawo kapena chidebe, ndikuchotsa mosamala masentimita angapo dothi lozungulira.
- Atachotsa gawo lapansi pamphepete, amapitilira pang'ono mphukira za chomacho, m'mphika. Choyamba, mawebusayiti onse owonekera amachotsedwa, kenako nthaka yonse yomwe ingapezeke popanda kukhudza mizu imachotsedwa.
- Pambuyo pochotsa dothi lonse, gawo lapansi labwino lomwe chomera chopatsidwa chimathiridwa pamwamba. Mulingo wa dothi m'miphika ndi m'mbale umasiyidwa, pokhapokha ngati mbewuyo yabzala mizu pamwamba: motere, mizu imaphimbidwa ndi gawo lapansi kuti osachepera 5 mm a dothi apangidwe pamwamba (bwino - 1-1.5 cm).
- Mwa kuyeretsa mosamala chidebe, kuchotsa dothi, mbewuzo zimapangidwanso pamatumba ndikuthirira. Ngati dothi limatsika kwambiri, limadzalanso pang'ono.
Onjezani dothi latsopano mumphika mutalowererapo.
Zomera zomwe adasinthirirapo dothi, yambiraninso chisamaliro chanthawi yomweyo. Mosiyana ndi kufalikira, palibe chifukwa chosinthira kapena kuchepetsa kuthirira, palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kudyetsa (kumene, ngati njira zotere siziyambitsidwa ndi thanzi la msipu wobiriwira). Kwa mbewu zomwe zimalipilitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa kupatsirana, kuyimitsa kuvala pamwamba kumatha kubweretsa kusowa kwa michere. Kuvala kovomerezeka, kumavala zovala zapamwamba pafupipafupi kumatha kulipirira chonde chosakwanira cha gawo linalo. Ngati kumuika sikunachitike kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunika kuti muwonjezere feteleza kapena kuwonjezera feteleza wogwira ntchito kwautali wosapangidwa.
