Mutu wochokera m'buku la wasayansi wodabwitsa komanso wophunzitsa Nikolai Fedorovich Zolotnitsky (1851-1920), "Maluwa mu nthano komanso ampatuko." Kutulutsa koyamba kwa bukuli kunali mu 1913 (Pambuyo pake, bukulo lidasindikizidwa kangapo).
Mawonekedwe oyera, kakombo kodabwitsa, chizindikiro ichi chopanda chinyengo komanso choyera, chili ndi nthano yake yosangalatsa mu nthano. A Greek amati iye ndi wochokera kwa Mulungu; Malinga ndi iwo, adakula kuchokera mkaka wa amayi a milungu - Hera.
Amati Mfumukazi Thebes, wokongola wa Alkmena, mayi wa Hercules, poopa kubwezera Hera wansanjeyo kuti amubisire mwana wake wobadwa kwa Zeus Hercules, adamuyika pansi pa chitsamba chowirira. Koma Athena, yemwe amadziwa chiyambi cha Mulungu cha khandalo, mwadala adatsogolera Hera kupita kumalo ano ndikuwonetsa iye mwana wosauka wotsalidwa ndi amayi ake. Hera anakonda mwana wakhandayo wathanzi labwino kwambiri, ndipo, monga woteteza ndi kuteteza ana onse akhanda, anavomera kuti amuletse mwana wakeyo kuti ayamwe mkaka wake. Koma mnyamatayo, pomuwona mdani wake mwa iye, amaluma kwambiri kotero kuti iye, akulira ndi zowawa, adamkankha. Mkaka unang'ambika, ndikutuluka thambo, napanga Milky Way, ndipo madontho angapo, ndikugwera pansi, ndikukhala maluwa. Pachifukwachi, maluwa amenewa amatchedwanso ndi achi Greek maluwa a Hera.
Lawrence Alma-Tadema - Kupeza kwa Mose - 1904 (Lawrence Alma-Tadema - Kupeza kwa Mose - 1904)Mtundu wina wa nkhaniyi umati Zeus, akufuna kuti Hercules asakhale ndi moyo, adalamula kuti agone piritsi la Hera, ndipo, atamwa, mulunguyo adagona tulo, natumiza Hermes wothamanga kuti akagone kachifuwa chake pachifuwa pake. Mwana wakhanda wathanzi, wanjala adayamba kuyamwa ndi umbombo, ndipo kuchokera pamadontho ochepa amkaka omwe adakhetsa pansi maluwa okongola oyera omwe adatcha maluwa.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Kulengeza - 1850 (Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Kulengeza -1850)Koma kale kwambiri kuposa Agiriki, kakomboyu amadziwika ndi anthu akale achi Persia, omwe likulu lawo limatchedwa Susa, kutanthauza mzinda wa maluwa. Pazifukwa zomwezo, maluwa akusonyezedwa chizindikiro cha mzindawo monga chizindikiro cha kukongola kwamphamvu.
Zimadziwika kuti pakati pa Ayuda akale duwa ili lidali ndi chikondi chachikulu komanso ulemu wa kuyera. Malinga ndi nthano zachiyuda, adakulira mu paradiso nthawi yoyesedwa ndi mdierekezi ndipo akhoza kuyipitsidwa ndi iye; komabe, iye anali woyera monga iye, ndipo palibe dzanja loyera lidakhudza iye. Ayuda sanawakongoletse osati maguwa opatulika, koma nthawi zambiri ndi iwo omwe anali ndi korona, Mwachitsanzo, Mfumu Solomo. Ndipo womanga, yemwe anamanga kacisi wa Solomo, adapatsa kakombo mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri pamitu yayikulu ya nsanamira iyi ndipo anakongoletsa makhoma ndi denga ndi zithunzi za kakombo, kugawana ndi Ayuda malingaliro akuti duwa lokongola kwake lidzathandizira pakupanga mawonekedwe ozama a pemphero pakati pa okhulupirira. Pazifukwa zomwezo, mwina, Mose adalamula fano la kakombo kuti azikongoletsa menorah ndikupereka mawonekedwe a kakombo kakombo, komwe mkulu wa ansembe adatsuka nkhope yake.
Palinso nthano kuti pansi pa kakombo kakomedwe ka Mose kanayima, koma, zoona, osati pansi pa zoyera, koma pansi pa chikaso, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimamera pakati mabango ndi mabango.
Fresco "Kalonga wokhala ndi MaLilies". Knossos Palace. Krete (Fresco "Kalonga wokhala ndi maluwa." Knossos Palace. Krete)Kholo limapezekanso pakati pa Aiguputo: chithunzi chake pano kenako chimakumana ndi ma hieroglyphs ndikuwonetsa moyo wamfupi, kapena ufulu ndi chiyembekezo. Kuphatikiza apo, matupi a atsikana achichepere akufa adawoneka okongoletsedwa ndi maluwa oyera; pafupifupi kakombo kofananako kamapezeka pa mayi wa ku Egypt, yemwe tsopano akusungidwa mu Louvre Museum ku Paris. Kuchokera pa maluwa omwewo, Aigupto adakonzekeretsa otchuka kale zonunkhira mafuta - Suzinon, yemwe akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Hippocrates pamawu ake "Pa chikhalidwe cha akazi."
Udindo wofunikira udachitika ndi kakombo pakati pa Aroma, makamaka pamaphwando awo odzipereka kwa mulungu wamkazi wa kasupe - Flora.
Zikondwererozi zinkachitika chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa Epulo ndipo zinali masewera pomwe azimayi, pomaliza mawu a malipenga ndi timpani, amapikisana pomenya nkhondo komanso kuthamanga. Opambanawo adalandira nkhata zamaluwa ngati mphotho ndipo adagona ndi mvula yonse yamaluwa. Maukondewo akaperekedwa, fano la mulunguyo mwiniyo linaonekera, lokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ndi zokongoletsera ndipo lakutidwa ndi chotchinga cha pinki. Nthawi zamasewera pamalonda achi Roma, nandolo ndi nyemba zimabalalika m'manja. Madyererowa adakhazikitsidwa ndi wokondedwa wa kazembe wachiroma Pompey Akka Laurencia, yemwe, chifukwa chokongola kwambiri, Cecilius Metellus, yemwe anali wolemekezeka kwambiri, adakhalapo pakati pa olambira milungu yazikazi, kuyika chithunzi chake mu kachisi wa Castor ndi Pollux.
Kuphatikiza pa fano la milunguyo, malo ogona, bwalo lamasewera, bwalo lamasewera, malo owonetsera anthu ambiri adatsukidwa ndi maluwa pamikondwerero iyi. Zonsezi zimafunikira maluwa ochuluka kwambiri mwakuti nthawi yomweyo adawatulutsa ndi nyumba zawo m'malo obisika.
Mwa maluwa, gawo lalikulu lidaseweredwa ndi duwa, koma kakombo yoyera adakhala chizindikiro cha kukoma koona. Linali duwa labwino kwambiri, duwa lokongola, duwa lomwe olemba apaulendo olemera ndi okhazikika amayesera kuti awalitse, kudzichotsera okha ndi malo awo ogona ngakhale magaleta. Khoko loyera limawonedwa ndi Aroma ngati chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo, ndipo chifanizo chake chidayikidwa ngakhale pazakobiri za Roma, pomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mawu awa: spes populi, spes augusta, spes populi romani.
A Greek ndi Aroma adavala korona wa mkwatibwi ndi mkwatibwi wamaluwa ndi makutu a tirigu ngati chisonyezo chofuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wambiri.
Lily amapezekanso mu nthano zakale za ku Germany, ndipo mulungu wa bingu Thor nthawi zonse amakhala akuwonetsedwa atanyamula mphezi kudzanja lake lamanja, ndipo ndodo yodziyimilira ndi kakombo kumanzere kwake. Anthu ake akale ku Pomerania adawakongoletsa pamaphwando polemekeza mulungu wamkazi wa masika, ndipo nimbus wake onunkhira adatumikira kudziko lachifatse la Germany ngati matsenga a Oberon komanso malo okhala nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono - elves.
Magolo ndi kakombo (Elves ndi kakombo)Malinga ndi nthano izi, kakombo aliyense ali ndi mphawi yake yomwe adzabadwa nayo n kufa nayo. Maluwawo amakongoletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ngati mabelu, ndipo, tikasinthana, amatulutsa misonkhano yawo yopembedza kuti apemphere. Misonkhanoyi imachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yamadzulo, pomwe zonse zam'minda zimagona pansi ndikugona tulo tofa nato. Kenako m'modzi mwa elves amathamangira kukakhazikika kwa kakombo ndikuyamba kukupukuta. Mabelu amaluwa amalira ndi kudzuka ndi kulira kwa masitepe okoma. Zilombo zazing'ono zimadzuka, zimakwawa kuchokera pabedi lawo koma mwakachetechete, ndikofunikira zimapita kumakoko a maluwa, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati ma chapel. Apa akuweramitsa mawondo awo, kudzipereka mokhulupirika, ndikupemphera mochokera pansi pamtima kuthokoza Mlengi chifukwa cha madalitso omwe watumizidwa. Atapemphera, amathamangiranso pamakutu awo maluwa ndipo mwakachetechete amagona tulo tofa nato.
Koma palibe kakombo komwe kamakhala ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri ngati ku France, pomwe maina omwe adayambitsa mfumu yachifalansa Clovis, mafumu a Louis VII, Philip III, Francis komanso nthano yonse yokhudza kupezeka kwa chikwangwani cha mafumu aku France chikugwirizana nawo. Nthano zotsatirazi zimafotokoza za maluwa atatu otchuka agolide.
Clovis, yemwe ndi wachikunja, powona pankhondo ya Tolbiac kuti Aleman omwe adachita nawo nkhondo apambana gulu lake lankhondo, adatinso: "Mulungu wachikhristu, Mulungu yemwe mkazi wanga Clotilde amalambira (mwana wamkazi wa King Chilperic, Mkristu), thandizirani Ndipambana, ndimakhulupirira inu! " Ndipo mwadzidzidzi mngelo wa Mulungu adamuwonekera ndi nthambi ya kakombo ndipo adati kuyambira tsopano azipanga maluwawa ndi chida chake ndikuwapatsa ana ake. Nthawi yomweyo, kulimba mtima kopambana kunagwira msilikari wa Clovis, ndi mphamvu zatsopano adathamangira mdaniyo ndikuthawa. Pothokoza chifukwa cha izi, Clovis adapita ku Reims mu 496 ndipo adalandira ubatizo woyera ndi abale ake onse achi France, akazi awo ndi ana. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, kakombo ku France wasandulika chizindikiro chaufumu pansi pa tchalitchi.
Nkhondo ya Tolbiac. M'zaka za zana la 19 Fresco wochokera ku Pantheon (Pirizh) (Nkhondo ya Tolbiake. Fresco wa XIX Century wa Pantheon (Pirizh))Koma kakombo amene analandila kuchokera kwa mngelo ndi Clovis anali, malinga ndi akatswiri azambiri zamulungu, osati zoyera, koma ofiira amoto. Linali, m'malingaliro awo, duwa lomweli lomwe limamera kummawa kwa Flanders m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Lee, womwe umayenderera ku Scheldt, m'malo omwe nkhondo yananso ya Clovis idachitika, pambuyo pake ankhondo opambana, atatola maluwa, adabwerera kudziko lakwawo ndi nkhata zamaluwa izi pamutu. Kuchokera pa dzina la mtsinjewu, dzina lachifalansa la duwa, Li, mwina linachitikanso.
Pali mwambo wapadera pa kakombo wofiirayu. Amanenedwa kuti idasandulika kufiyira kuyambira koyera mpaka usiku usiku wa Mpulumutsi asadavutike.
Pamene Mpulumutsi, nthanoyo imati, atavutika ndi zowawa zambiri, adapita usiku womwewo m'munda wa Getsemane, ndipo maluwa onse adawerama pamaso pake posonyeza kukwiya ndi chisoni. Koma kakombo, wowala mumdima ndi kuyera kwake kosayerekezeka, adadzinena modzitama chifukwa cha kukongola kwake: "Ndine wokongola kwambiri kuposa abale anga onse kuti ndidzaimirira paphesi langa ndikuwonetsetsa pamene adzandidutsa kuti athe kusangalala ndi mawonekedwe anga. kukongola ndi kununkhira kwanga. "
Chithunzi patsamba la buku la Book of Hours, ndikuwonetsa nthano ya King Clovis yemwe amalandila duwa la kakomboNdipo Mpulumutsi adayimilira kwa mphindi, mwina ngakhale kuti amusirire, koma pamene Maso ake akuvutika mumwala wawadzidzimu, iye kakombo, kuyerekezera kunyada kwake ndi kudzichepetsa kwake ndikuwona momwe maluwa ena onse adagwadira mitu yawo pamaso pake, Mwadzidzidzi ndinadzimvera chisoni kotero kuti manyazi atafalikira pamatiwo ake ... Lilime limakhalabe mpaka kalekale.
Fleur de lysNdiye chifukwa chake, nthanoyo imamaliza, maluwa ofiira samayimilira mitu yawo ndikuwukitsidwa ndipo nthawi zonse amatseka ma petals awo usiku.
Komabe, malingaliro akuti kakombo wa Clovis anali wofiyira satsimikizidwanso, chifukwa maluwa a ku France, omwe adakhala chizindikiro cha Mafumu, anali oyera nthawi zonse.
Kutembenuka kwa Clovis kukhala Chikhristu kunachitika, monga taonera, m'zaka za zana la 5, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo kwa zaka zambiri sizinanenedwe chilichonse cha maluwa a mbiri yakale ku France. Zomwe zimamukumbukira iye panthawiyi ndi ndodo yokhayo ya mafumu oyamba achi France omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi maluwa, omwe adasungidwa ku Saint-Germain-des-Prés, wakale kwambiri m'matchalitchi ku Paris, omwe adamangidwa m'zaka za XII.
M'zaka za XII, a Louis VII adasankhanso kakombo ngati chifanizo chake, pomwe, kupita kumalo achitetezo achiwiri pampando wina, iye, malinga ndi chizolowezi cha nthawi imeneyo, amayenera kusankha mwambo woletsa.
Louis VII imamusankha, mbali imodzi, chifukwa dzina lake, lotchedwa "Leya", limafanana ndi dzina lake - Louis, ndi enanso - chifukwa amafuna kuthokoza chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi King Clovis pomenya nkhondo ndi adani a Chikristu; Kupatula apo, amapitanso kukamenya nkhondo ndi osakhulupirira. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa awa amayenera kukumbutsa asitikali ake za zochita zaukatswiri za Clovis, yemwe anathamangitsa Aromani kutengera kwawo ndipo ndi amene anayambitsa ufumu wachifumu waku France.
"Joan waku Arc." Jan Matejko, 1886. (Joanna d'Arc. Jan Matejko, 1886.)Chifukwa chake, apa kwanthawi yoyamba akuwoneka mbendera yoyera yokhala ndi maluwa atatu agolide, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala chizindikiro cha mphamvu yachifumu ndikudzipereka ku mpando wachifumu wapapa.
Lily amapezekanso mu chovala manja cha St. Louis IX, koma ndi daisy yokha, yomwe adawonjezera kukumbukira kukumbukira mkazi wake wokondedwa Margarita. Maluwa atatu adawonekeranso pamaulendo ake mu Nkhondo za Mkati zomwe adachita; adatanthauzira: chifundo, chilungamo, ndi chifundo - zabwino zitatu zomwe zimasiyanitsa ulamuliro wonse wa mfumuyi.
Mawonekedwe a kakombo adaperekedwa, monga tidanenera kale, mpaka kumapeto kwa ndodo, ndipo France yomwe idatchedwa ufumu wa maluwa, ndi mfumu ya ku France - mfumu ya maluwa.
Chovala Cha zida za Jeanne d'ArcAnanena za maluwa kuti: "Ies lys ne filent pas" (Maluwa samazungulira), kuwonetsa kuti sipangakhale mkazi pampando wachifumu waku France, ndipo mawu oti: "etre assis sur des lys" amatanthauza "kukhala paudindo wapamwamba", chifukwa maluwa amakombo sikuti makhoma onse amakhothi adakongoletsedwa, komanso mipando yonse yamipando.
Philip III Smely, wolowa m'malo wa Louis IX, anali woyamba mwa mafumu achi France omwe chisindikizo chake chimangokhala ndi maluwa atatu, ndipo motsogozedwa ndi Charles VII, yemwe adakhala mu 1422-1461, ndiye kuti, patadutsa zaka 200 kuchokera ku Philip III the Bold, chisindikizo ichi chidakhala chizindikiro cha boma . Yemweyo mfumu, pofuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwa Joan waku Arc, sapeza chilichonse chapamwamba komanso chodziwika bwino kuposa kukweza abale ake ulemu wapamwamba pansi pa dzina la du Lys (Liliev) ndikuwapatsa chida, chomwe ndi lupanga losonyezedwa pamunda wamtambo wokhala ndi maluwa awiri mbali zamkati ndi nkhata zamaluwa pamwamba.
Pansi pa Louis XII, kakomboyu amakhala chokongoletsera chachikulu m'minda yonse ya ku France ndipo amatchedwa duwa la Louis, chifukwa, malinga ndi zomwe zachitika masiku ano, palibe chabwino kuposa duwa loyera, looneka bwino lomwe lomwe lingatulutse chiyero cha moyo wa "bambo wa anthu" awa.
Dongosolo la St. Louis (Order of St. Louis)Udindo wofunikira udaseweredwa ndi kakombo mu mawonekedwe a zizindikiro za dongosolo. Louis XVIII, kubwerera ku mpando wachifumu pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa masiku zana wa Napoleon I, adakhazikitsa Order of the White Lily, yopanga kakombo siliva woyimitsidwa pa riboni yoyera yoyera. Lamuloli adawagawira manambala kotero kuti adakhala ngati chizindikiro cha chipani cha Bourbon, mosiyana ndi omwe adatsatira Napoleon, yemwe chizindikiro chake chinali chamtondo.
Tikuwona, mwa njira, kuti mu 1793 aboma aku republican adachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti achititse manyazi ufumuwu ndipo adawalamulanso kuti apatsidwe nyambo yoyeserera.
Pa zikwangwani zankhondo, chikwangwani cha kakombo chinasinthidwa ndi chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mapiko otambasuka, ndipo mu 1830-1848 - ndi tambala wa Gallic.
M'masiku amenewo, munda wotchuka wa Tuileries ku Paris nthawi zonse unkakhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera, koma tsiku lina zonse zidasowa. Iwo ati izi zidachitika polamula a King Louis Philippe, omwe adawalamulira kuti adulidwe. Zowona izi sizikudziwika, koma kuyambira 1830 maluwa m'munda uno sadathenso.
Chizindikiro chinanso chosonyeza kakombo chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1048 ndi mfumu yankhanza Don Garcia IV. Kupitilira apo, Papa Paul III adakhazikitsanso Order of Lily mu 1546, pomwe adapatsa makamaka atsogoleri a tchalitchicho komanso mpando wachifumu waupapa, pomwe Papa Paul IV adavomereza ndikuziyika pamwamba pa malamulo ena onse. Timawonanso chithunzi cha kakombo pamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri ku Italy wa Annunziata, wopangidwa mu 1362 ndi Duke wa Savoy, Amedean VI.
Florence Florin 1340 (Fiorino 1340)Kuphatikiza apo, kakombo nthawi zambiri amkaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cholemekezeka kwambiri mu chida cha manja aku France ndipo amapezekanso pamakobidi. Louis XIV adasindikiza mu 1655 ndalama zokhala ndi maina a maluwa agolide ndi siliva. Mafuta a golide anali ofunika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 7 a siliva ndipo anali ndi ma golide 23 agolide. Kumbali ina yake kunali chifanizo cha mfumu kapena chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa osanjidwa ndi mimbulu kumapeto kwake ndi nduwira za mtanda, ndipo mbali inayi - chida champhamvu cha France ndi maluwa, ochirikizidwa ndi angelo awiri.
Maluwa a siliva anali amitundu itatu: 20, 10 ndi 5 sous. Pamaso osema, adakhala ndi chifanizo cha mfumu yokhala ndi korona, ndipo kumbuyo, chifanizo cha mtanda wa zilembo zisanu ndi zitatu zopindika L wovekedwa korona ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi maluwa anayi. Ndalama izi sizinatenge nthawi yayitali kwambiri: zasiliva zinathetsedwa chaka chotsatira, ndipo golide zinakhalapo mpaka 1679.Tsopano ali, makamaka ndalama zasiliva, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ndipo sapezeka ngakhale pagulu lambiri.
© sekoNdalama zina za ku France zinalinso ndi chithunzi cha kakombo - maluwa, omwe adayambitsidwa ku France ndikupatsa dzinali kuchokera ku mawu achi Italiya: florino (duwa), yomwe nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza maluwa, omwe amawonekera pa malaya amtundu wa Florence. Maluwa oyambilira adawonekera ku France mu ulamuliro wa Louis IX. Kumbali ina ya iwo panali chifanizo cha mfumu kapena Yohane Mbatizi, ndipo china - mtanda wozunguliridwa ndi maluwa wokhala ndi mawu olembedwa: Christus vincit, Chr. regnat, Chr. zosayenera (Khristu agonjetsa, Khristu amalamulira, Khristu amalamulira).
Lily ku France nthawi zambiri anali ndi chikondi chachikulu. Duwa lomwe limakumbukiridwa nthawi imeneyo limadziwika kuti ndi lingaliro labwino kwambiri ndi ulemu, chifukwa chake chinali chizolowezi m'mabanja akukhazikika kuti mkwati amatumiza mkwatibwi wake m'mawa uliwonse, mpaka ku ukwati, phwando la maluwa atsopano, omwe pakati pawo panali maluwa oyera oyera angapo.
Leonardo da Vinci "The Annaringation" 1473-1475ggLily amakhala ndi chikondi chofanana ndi oyandikana ndi France akumwera: Spain ndi Italian. Mwa anthu awa, komanso mmaiko onse Achikatolika, imawoneka ngati duwa la Namwali Wodala, chifukwa chomwe chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu nthawi zonse chimazunguliridwa ndi zokongoletsera zamaluwa awa. M'makutu a maluwa, atsikana amapita koyamba mgonero wopatulika; izi zikuyenera kuwakumbutsa kuti ngati m'misasa yomweyi m'masiku oyambilira achikhristu, atsikana adalandira ubatizo woyera.
Ku Pyrenees, kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira pachaka, pa Juni 24, pa tsiku la St. John, kubweretsa maluwa ambiri kutchalitchi ndi kuwayika m'malo abwino kwambiri opatulira. Apa adakhalabe mu unyinji wa tsikulo ndikuwazidwa ndimadzi oyera, kenako amapanga maluwa okongola ndipo, atawakonza mopingasa, anakantha pakhomo lanyumba iliyonse, yomwe kuyambira pamenepo amatengedwa ngati kuti ikuyang'aniridwa ndi Yohane Mbatizi. Apa maluwa amakhalapo mpaka tsiku lotsatira la Ivan.
Pali mwambo kuti ndi kakombo m'manja mwake adawonekera pa St. Kulengeza kwa Mkulu wa Angelezi Gabriel kwa Namwali Wodala, ndipo chifukwa chake, pazithunzi zathu zonse zoimira mwambowu, amawonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi nthambi yamaluwa. Ndi nthambi imodzimodzi - chizindikiro cha chiyero ndi choyera - zikuwonetsedwa ndi Akatolika a St. Joseph, St. Yohane Woyera Francis Norbert St. Gertrude ndi oyera ena. Malemuwa adayeretsanso miyala yamkuntho yomwe ili pansi panthaka ku Roma komanso manda a St. Cecilia.
Germany, nayenso anali ndi chidwi ndi kakombo.
Takambirana kale za gawo la maluwa mu nthano zakale za ku Germany; koma, kupatula apo, pali nthano zambiri zosiyana ndi nthano chabe za iye.
Lily, ndiyenera kunena kuti, idaleredwa ku Middle Ages ochuluka m'minda yamonke ya amonke ndipo idafikira kukula ndi kukongola komweko komwe kudapangitsa kudabwitsidwa konse ndipo chifukwa chake sikunachitike pakati pa anthu osazindikira nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wa amonke.
Tsatanetsatane wa kufalikira kwa fleur de lis kutsogolo kwa tchalitchi cha St. Peter ndi Paul ku Troyes, m'zaka za XIII.Mnyumba yachifumu ya Corvey, yomwe idali pa mtsinje wa Weser ku Middle Ages, akuti m'modzi mwa nthano izi, kakombo anali duwa la imfa. Nthawi iliyonse, aliyense wa abale akapeza kakombo oyera pampando wake kutchalitchi, m'masiku atatu amwalira.
Ndipo tsopano, akuti, m'modzi mwa amfumu ofuna kutaya mtima nthawi ina adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito izi kuti achotse wansembe wakale wokhumudwitsa wa amonke ndi kutenga malo ake. Atapeza nthambi yachinsinsi mobisa, anaiyika m'malo mwa okalamba, ndipo nkhalambayo, ndikuwopa, sinachedwe kupereka mzimu wake kwa Mulungu. Chikhumbo chofuna kukondweretsa chidakwaniritsidwa, ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira. Koma, atatenga malo omwe adamunyengerera, sanapeze mtendere kuyambira pamenepo. Maganizo a chikumbumtima amamuvutitsa, chisangalalo chamtundu uliwonse, mtendere wam'maganizo unatha, pang'onopang'ono adayamba kufooka,, ndikuvomereza kuvomereza kwake kumlandu womwe adapalamula, adamwalira ...
Nthano "About maluwa akutuluka usiku" yomwe ilipo kumapiri a Harz ndiyosangalatsa.
Mlanduwo unachitikira pafupi ndi tawuni ya Lauenburg. Msungwana wokongola wamphesa Alice adapita ndi amayi ake kunkhalango kukatola nkhuni, m'mene anali m'njira anakumana ndi wolamulira wa dziko lino, ku Lauenburg, don Juan wamkulu komanso tepi yofiira. Pochita chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mtsikanayo, nthawi yomweyo amamuitana kuti abwere kunyumba yake yachifumu, ndikulonjeza kuti amupatsa mwayi komanso akhale munthu wosangalala kwambiri.
Podziwa kuti ndi wankhanza komanso wopirira, mayiyo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwewo, akumunyengetsanso Alice kuti avomereze zomwe awerengera, koma atangochoka, amathamangira ndi mwana wake wamkazi kunyumba yachifumu yapafupi ndikupemphelera kuti awatetezere kuti asazunzidwe.
Posakhalitsa, mawerengeredwe atadziwa za kuthawira kwawo, amatenga nyumba ya amonke yokhala ndi zida zake zowukirazo ndikuthana ndi tsoka. Akamugwira mwamphamvu, amathamangira naye kukakwera bulu kunyumba yachifumu yake ndipo pakati pausiku amalowera m'bwalo lake. Koma mzimu wa paphiripo umaimilira msungwanayo, namuba moyo wake, ndipo kuwerengera kumabweretsa kwa iye atamwalira kale Alice.
Mtsikanayo amachotsedwa pa kavalo, ndipo pamalo pomwe miyendo yake idakhudza pansi, kakombo kakang'ono koyera kamamera, komwe anthu adatcha kakombo wa Lauenburg.
Mphete ya Ludger Buku la "maluwa Vase" 1562M'nthano za anthu aku Norman mulibe nthano yokongola kwambiri yokhudza kakombo.
Knight one, akukhulupirira chikondi cha akazi komanso osapeza mkazi, adayamba kukhala tsiku lonse kumanda, ngati kuti akufunsa imfa: kodi angamuwonetse njira yopita ku chisangalalo?
Ndipo kotero, akungoyenda m'manda, adakumana ndi mayi wabwino m'mawa wina wokongola kwambiri yemwe satha kuganiza. Adakhala pa imodzi mwa marble slabs, atavala chovala chapamwamba komanso miyala yonyezimira modabwitsa pa lamba wake. Tsitsi lake linali golide, ngati mungu wa kakombo yemwe adagwira m'manja mwake.
Kununkhira kwabwino kotere kunafalikira momuzungulira iye, ndipo iye mwini anali wokopa kwambiri kotero kuti mzimu wa knight udadzazidwa ndi ulemu wina, ndipo iye, atagwada, anapsompsona dzanja.
Kukongola kunkawoneka ngati kudzutsidwa kuchokera kumpsompsompsono ndipo, akumwetulira, anati:
"Kodi ungatenge kupita kunyumba yachifumu?" Mwakhala mukundidikirira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo tsopano ndabwera, popeza nthawi yakwana tsopano yoti ndikhale ndekha. Ndikupatsani chisangalalo chomwe mwakhala mukuchiyembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma ndisanapite nanu, ndiyenera kulandira lonjezo kuchokera kwa inu kuti simudzalankhulanso za imfa pamaso panga ndipo kuti ngakhale liwu loti "imfa" silidzayankhulidwanso m'nyumba mwanu. Ganizirani za ine ngati chithunzi cha moyo padziko lapansi, ngati duwa launyamata, mwachikondi ndi chikondi, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimangoganiza njira yokhayo.
Knight wosangalatsayo anaveka kukongola pahatchi yake, ndipo anagona. Nyamayi idayamba kuyenda, ngati kuti sikuwona phindu lililonse, ndipo ikamayendetsa m'minda, maluwa akuthengo adaweramitsa mitu yawo, mitengo idang'ambika pang'ono ndi masamba, ndipo mpweya wonse udadzazidwa ndi fungo labwino la maluwa, monga zofukizira zonunkhira.
Ndipo anakwatirana ndipo anali okondwa kwambiri. Ndipo ngati nthawi zina amakhala mwamunayo wokhala ndi mphamvu, ndiye kuti mkazi wachichepere amatha kupukusa tsitsi lake kapena kupaka kakombo pachifuwa pake, zisoni zonse zimamuchotsa pang'onopang'ono.
Khrisimasi yafika. Achinyamata adaganiza zoyitanitsa oyandikana nawo ndikukhala phwando lodziwika.
Matebulo anali okongoletsedwa ndi maluwa, azimayiwo akumwetulira mosangalala ndi kuwongola, madiresi awo adasokedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndipo amunawo anali osangalala kwambiri, adaseka ndikuseka.
Pomwe anthu onse amadya, woimbayo yemwe adayitanidwa adayimba koyamba za chikondi, kenako za masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chivalrous
Lingani ndi fleur-de-lis. France, m'ma 1500. (Gulani ndi fleur-de-lys. France, zana la 15.)machitidwe, ndiye za ulemu ndi ulemu. Kenako, mouziridwa, adatembenukira pamitu ina yokwera kwambiri ndikuyimba zakumwamba ndi kusamutsidwa kwa mizimu mwa iwo akafa.
Ndipo mwadzidzidzi, pamawu awa, mkazi wokongolayo adasandulika, nayamba kuzimiririka, ngati duwa lomwe limakanthidwa ndi chisanu.
Pokhumudwitsidwa, mwamuna wake amugwira, koma akuwoneka ndi mantha momwe onse amapangika komanso ndodo, ndipo tsopano nkono ukugwira m'manja mwake osati mkazi, koma kakombo, yemwe mafolo ake odabwitsa akumanjenjemera pansi. Panthawiyi, kuusa kwakukulu kofanana ndi mawu otsekemera kunamveka m'mwamba, ndipo holo yonseyo inadzazidwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri lomwe adamupumira pamsonkhano woyamba ndi iye.
Kugwedeza dzanja mofuula, knight akutuluka muholo ndikuwalowera mumdima wausiku, kuti asadzawonenso ...
Zosintha zidachitikanso pabwalo: kudayamba kuzizira, kuzizira ndipo angelo, ngati chipale chofewa, adaphimba dziko lapansi ndi maluwa a maluwa ochokera kumwamba.
Ku Germany, nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wamoyo zimaphatikizidwanso ndi kakombo.
Carlo Dolchi "Allegory of Sincerity" 1665Mwa anthu achijeremani, kakombo, monga mwala wamaliro, umakhala umboni pakati pa kudzipereka kapena kubwezera pambuyo pa womwalirayo. Malinga ndi chikhulupiriro chofala, iye samayikidwa m'manda, koma iye mwini amakula pano motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu ina yosaoneka ndipo amakula pamanda a odzipha komanso anthu omwe adamwalira kale. Ngati ikukula pamanda a ophedwa, ndiye kuti imakhala chizindikiro chowopseza kubwezera, ndipo ngati pamanda a wochimwa, imalankhula zakhululukidwa ndi chophimba machimo. Kukhulupirira kotereku kudakhala maziko a ballad wakale wakale "Der Mordknecht" ("Mtumiki Wogwiritsa Ntchito").
Ballad ikufotokozera momwe mayi wolemekezeka, atapempha wokondedwa wake, adanyengerera wantchito wodzipereka kuti aphe mwamuna wake pomuponya modzidzimutsa pakati pamundawo. Wantchitoyo amakwaniritsa zochitikazo, mzimayi wokongolayo amamuyamika ndipo amapereka mowolowa manja. Koma pamene iye ayendetsa kavalo wake wakudutsidwa kudutsa kumene kuphedwako, pamenepo mwadzidzidzi maluwa oyera omwe akutuluka pamenepo ayamba kugwedezeka pamitu pake. Mantha ndi chisoni zimamugwira, usana kapena usiku sakupumulanso ndikupita ku nyumba ya amonke.
Pa maluwa, osonyeza chotetezera cha machimo, nthawi zonse amapezeka mawu ena olembedwa m'makalata agolide. Mwachitsanzo, mawu oterewa adatchulidwa mu nyimbo zakale zokhudzana ndi zigawenga za Schutenzame ndi Lindenshmit, wogwidwa ndikuphedwa ndi Nuremberg, komanso mu nyimbo yonena za Fred Fredick, yemwe adapha mkwatibwi wake mwangozi ndi lupanga lomwe lidagwa kuchokera pachipongwe chake. Kukomoka, abambo a mtsikanayo amupha, ndipo nyimboyo imamaliza ndi mawu akuti: "Masiku atatu adapita, ndipo maluwa atatu adakula pamanda ake, pomwe padalembedwa kuti Ambuye adamuvomera iye," muzovala zawo zoyera ".
Pomaliza, kakombo amagwira ntchito, kunena kwake, kukapereka moni kwa munthu wakufa uja ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimamukondabe padziko lapansi, chifukwa chomwe chimakhala ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti duwa ladzalidwa pamanda ndi mzimu wa wakufa.
Tizinenanso kuti maluwa ena aku Caucasus amatha kutembenukira chikaso chifukwa cha mvula, chifukwa chake atsikana aku Caucasus amawagwiritsa ntchito polankhula.
Vase yokongoletsedwa ndi fleur de lis. Syria yoyamba theka la 14th centuryKusankha duwa la kakombo, amalitsegula mvula ikagwa, ndipo ngati nikhala yachikasu mkati, ndiye kuti yocheperako siyowona, ndipo ngati ili yofiira, ndiye kuti imakondabe.
Maziko omwe amakhulupirira izi inali nthano yosangalatsa kwambiri yomwe idayambika m'zaka za zana la XI.
Tsiku lina, nthano iyi imati, dzhigit wina, wobwerera kuchokera ku gululi, adabwera ndi mwana wamwamuna, mwana wa mnzake yemwe adamwalira pa nkhondo, ndipo adamtenga.
Mnyamatayo, akukhala m'nyumba ya abambo ake achiwiri, adakumana ndi mwana wake wamkazi, Tamara wokongola, ndipo adamkonda. Adamuyankhanso zomwezo, ndipo achinyamatawo adaganiza zokwatirana.
Koma kunapezeka kuti bambowo anali atakwatira kale mwana wawo wamkazi.
Kenako mnyamatayo amupempha kuti athawe naye, koma mtsikanayo, pomvera zofuna za abambo ake, sanavomereze izi ndipo alonjeza kuti azingopemphera kuti Mulungu amuthandize. Ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti zonse zitha bwino, ngati atangopita kwa hermit woyera yemwe amakhala kumapiri ndikumufunsa za izi.
Ndipo, atasonkhanitsa antchito ndi achibale angapo, Tamara amapita kukamuika kumapiri. Atumikiwo amakhala panja, ndipo analowa m'chipinda chake. Mabingu owopsa aphulika nthawi ino. Mvula ikukhuthulira kuchokera mumtsuko, mphezi zimabowoleza ndipo mabingu akusungika. Kukongola kwake sikunathe kupulumuka kuphanga lapafupi.
Mphepo yamkuntho ipita, wobwerera ayembekeza ola, winanso, madzulo abwera, koma Tamara adapita.
Kenako abalewo amapita kwa opita kukawafunsa kuti: Kodi Tamara ali ndi chiyani, bwanji sakuwonekera? Mlembiyu akuwayankha: "Ambuye adamva pemphelo lathu. Tamara samaliranso m'mtima mwake, osavutikanso. Onani kuno!" Atumikiwo, kutsatira chikwangwani cha chimonichi, akuyang'ana m'mundamo ndi kakombo wokongola kwambiriyo yemwe sanawonepo. Fungo lake labwino limawafikira ngati zofukiza zakumwamba.
Amawongoleredwa ndikukayikira. Safuna kukhulupirira chozizwitsa: amatulutsa chotsekera m'chipinda chake, kusaka nyumba yonse, munda wonse, ndipo, atakwiya kwambiri, amumenya ndikumupha.
Osakhutira ndi kubwezera koteroko, amawotcha chilichonse chomwe chingayake, kuwononga nyumba, kuswa zifanizo za oyera mtima, kuthyola mitengo yakale, kuwononga library yake yonse - m'mawu, atabwera kwa abambo a Tamara kudzamuwuza kuti wachoka modabwitsa, ndiye kuti pamalo pomwe khungu linali, mkati mwakhumudwitsidwa ndi chiwonongeko pali kakombo.
Atamva za kumwalira kwa mwana wawo wokondedwa wosaiwalika, bambowo amwalira, koma mnyamatayo adathamangira kukadulidwe, ndikuyima patsogolo pake, akufunsa kuti: "Kodi ndi zowona kuti ndiwe, Tamara?" Ndipo mwadzidzidzi kunamveka kunong'ona kofiyira, ngati kamkuntho: "Inde, ndi ine."
Dzira la Fabergé "Clock (Bouquet of Lilies)" 1899 (dzira la Fabergé. "Clock (Bouquet of Lilies). 1899)Chifukwa chakusowa, mnyamatayo akutsamira, ndipo misozi yayikulu ikugwera pansi pafupi ndi kakombo. Ndipo akuwona momwe miyala ya kakombo yoyera imayamba kukhalira chikasu, ngati kuti ndi nsanje, ndipo misozi ikayamba kugwa pamaluwa, pamenepo pamakhala matuwa ofiira, ngati kuti akuchokera chisangalalo.
Amvetsetsa kuti uyu ndiye wokondedwa wake Tamara, kuti amasangalala ndi misozi yake, kuti akukhumba kuchita nawo.
Ndipo amawatsanulira, kuthira kosalekeza, kuti usiku, Ambuye, ndikumumvera chisoni, asinthe iye kukhala mtambo wa mvula kuti athe kutsitsimutsa kakombo wake Tamara ndi mvula yamvula nthawi zambiri monga momwe angathere ndi chikondi chake.
