Mitundu ya anthurium imalumikizana kuchokera ku 800 mpaka 1000 mitundu yazomera, zobadwa ku nkhalango za Central ndi South America. Kutalika kwakutali kwa mitundu inayake ndi masamba achilendo a ena kwapangitsa mitundu yambiri ya anthurium kutchuka ndi okonda maluwa amkati.
Zomera ndizochulukirachulukira, koma kukulira, munthu asaiwale kuti ma Anthuriums amachokera kumalo otentha, pomwe mbewu sizimasintha kwambiri kutentha, nthawi zambiri zimavutika chifukwa chosowa zakudya komanso chinyontho m'nthaka kapena m'mlengalenga. Wofesayo atha kukonza bwino mbeu zomwe zikuchitika panjira ya anthurium, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimayankha bwino masamba ophuka, nthawi zambiri ndikuthilira maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Koma momwe mungadziwire chifukwa chomwe anthurium amatembenukira chikaso ndikuwuma? Kodi cholakwikacho chimapangidwa kuti, ndipo ndi tizilombo iti titha kuvulaza anthu okhala m'malo otentha?
Anthurium imawuma ndikusintha chikasu: zolakwika zamtundu
Poyamba, pokhapokha ngati duwa lanyumba yamtundu wabwino litha kukopa, masamba ake amatha, kukhala ndi bulauni kapena chikasu, ndipo maluwa siwotuwa, ndikofunikira, kuyesa malo omwe mbewuyo ili.
Nthawi zambiri, anthu wathanzi labwino amakhala ndi utoto wowala, wonyezimira kapena, kutengera mtundu, masamba a matte. Poterepa, masamba amasamba amasinthidwa nthawi yonse yomwe akukula. Kukalamba kwawo komanso kufa kwawo kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwa mtundu, koma njirayi siyowoneka bwino. Koma anthurium akatembenuka chikasu pazifukwa zina zakunja, zimakhala zovuta kale kudutsa pamtendere ndi chiwetocho.
Maanthurium onse omwe amabzala pakhomo ndi thermophilic ndi mbewu zomwe kutentha kwakutentha ndi 1826 ° C.
Ngati maziko a kutentha ayamba kusinthasintha kwambiri kapena kupitirira malire omwe akuwonetsedwa, ndikofunikira kuyembekezera kuwonongeka kwa masamba, ndipo mosasamala, mizu ya anthurium imavutikanso.
Kutsitsa kutentha nthawi zambiri kumasiya masamba okufa pamasamba a anthurium. Koma mpweya wofunda kwambiri, makamaka ngati chinyezi mchipindacho sichiri kwambiri, ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe anthurium amawuma.
Zowonongeka za mikhalidwe yoterezi ndizofanana ndi momwe zimamverekera pamasamba azomera pakuwotcha dzuwa, zomwe zimakhalanso zowopsa kwa anthu okhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Colombia. Kufota ndi chikasu cha anthurium ndikosapeweka pomwe duwa limakhala padzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zomwe zimakhala pamazenera akumwera ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi filimu kapena zenera lina.
Koma bwanji ngati anthurium amadzaza nthawi yachisanu, pomwe dzuwa silowala, ndi windowsill ndi yotentha? Mwachidziwikire, vuto la mbewu yotere:
- kusowa kwa kuwala, komwe kumatha kulipiridwa ndikukhazikitsa zowunikira zowonjezereka zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali masana;
- kuyanika kwambiri kwa mlengalenga, komwe kumatha kunyowa mothandizidwa ndi kuthilira masamba mosamala, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zam'nyumba ndi zida;
- mumayendedwe ndi mitsinje ya mpweya wozizira kuchokera pawindo;
- kusowa kwa zakudya zomwe zimayamba chifukwa chosowa zovala zapamwamba kapena kukula kwa mizu ya anthurium.
Potsirizira pake, ndikofunikira kuthandiza chomera posintha umuna wake kapena kusintha m'malo ena atsopano.
Mawonekedwe a dothi ndi kuthirira kwa thanzi la anthurium
Zomera za Anthurium zomwe zikukula mchaka chakukula zimafunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi zonse, zomwe zimathandizira kupangika kwa masamba atsopano komanso zomwe zimachitika mu Anthurium. Mukamasankha othandizira, ndibwino kuti mupange chidwi ndi nyimbo zochepa za nayitrogeni zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga masamba ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous, yomwe imayang'anira maluwa.
Ngati anthurium atembenuka chikasu kapena kuwuma, kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka kungakhale chifukwa. Pankhaniyi, mchere wamchere womwe suwunikidwe ndi mizu ya anthurium umadzetsa kutentha kwa nthaka mobisa wa mbewu, komanso kupanga kwatsopano kwa microflora ya pathogenic.
Pakakhala kukayikira kuti anthurium amuma chifukwa chochulukirapo feteleza, ndikofunikira kutsuka dothi, kapena kusinthanitsa chiwekacho ndi gawo lina latsopano.
Kuika kumafunika pakufunika pamene mizu ya mbewu idalowerera kwathunthu ndipo simulandiranso malo aulere. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikusamutsira mbewu ku mphika watsopano, wowumitsa. Koma musaiwale kuti anthuriums ali ndi chida chothandiza popezera chakudya kuchokera kumlengalenga. Awa ndi mizu ya mpweya ya anthurium yomwe singathe kuchotsedwa, koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwawo kuvala zovala zapamwamba, ndikuwaza korona ndi chinyezi choyera.
Kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya komanso bakiteriya kumizu ya anthurium
Koma anthurium ali ndi malingaliro oyipa kwambiri pakuthirira kwambiri, ndipo pankhani iyi, makamaka ndi d wandi wandiweyani, wobzala maluwa samangowona masamba achikasu ndi owuma. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa okonda anthurium ndikupanga mizu zowola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chambiri komanso kusowa kwa mpweya m'dothi.
Maonekedwe owola pamizu ya anthurium amatha kuwongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides yosiyanasiyana.
Koma izi sizokwanira. Chifukwa sichithetsa vuto lalikulu. Wofesayo akakayikira kuti anthurium akumira ndi kusanduka chikaso chifukwa cha njira zoyipa, chomera chimayenera kuchotsedwa mumphika kuti chionedwe komanso kukonzedwa.
Pambuyo poyeretsa mizu ya anthurium kuchokera pazotsalira zadothi, malo akuda, owonongedwa amadulidwapo ndikuwathandizira ndi makala amoto, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndi fungicides. Chomera chija chiikidwa mu dothi latsopano lotetezedwa, ndipo mumphika wokhawo uyenera kuwotchera kapena kuthandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu.
Anthurium ndizovuta kulekerera matenda opatsirana komanso fungus. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta komanso kothandiza kuthana ndi kupewa ndikukhazikitsa kuthirira koyenera ndikusankha dothi losasakanika la chomera.
Tizilombo ta Anthurium
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti duwa la Anthurium liume ndi matenda oyipa omwe amakhazikika pamalowo. Anthurium samadwala kawirikawiri tizirombo tina, koma ngati malo achikasu apezeka pamasamba, pamwamba pake pamasamba masamba atayika ngakhale pang'ono kapena kale kuyanika, pali chifukwa chofufuzira bwino chomera. Tizirombo tomwe timapezeka pa anthurium timaphatikizira nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs, tizilombo tambiri komanso kupindika. Ngati mbewuyo ili munthaka yonyowa, udzudzu wa bowa umayamba kuzungulira mumphika.
Tizilombo tambiri timene timayambitsa mbewu zimadya timadziti, chifukwa, pambiri ndi tizirombo, anthurium amatembenuka chikasu ndikuwoneka kutiofooka.
Masipu ndi michere imakonda kukhala ndi mphukira zatsopano, masamba omwewa limodzi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba amatha kupezeka pa masamba. Chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa nkhupakupa pa anthurium ndi tsamba looneka bwino pamafoloko a mphukira ndi mphuno.
Wokhalitsa kwambiri komanso woipa kwambiri ndiye tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ta anthurium ndi mbewu zina zamkati - mphukira zojambulidwa pachithunzichi. Tizilombo timene timadya timadziti osati masamba ndi zimayambira, komanso ku inflorescence, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa stipule ndi ma cobs.
Ngakhale ma mealybugs ndi ochepa, amabisala pansi pamiyeso yamasamba ndi m'machimo, koma, ochulukana, amatha kuphimba mbewu yonseyo, ndipo gawo lina limadzaza nthaka.
Ma aphid kapena obiriwira omwe amakhala ku Anthuriums amabisala kumbuyo kwa masamba. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tizirombo, masamba amatembenuka chikasu ndi kupindika mu anthurium, ndipo inflorescence imatha.
Kuchokera kuzirombo zambiri zomwe zalembedwa, ndizotheka ndikuchiritsa ziwalo za chomera ndi sopo yankho kuchokera ku tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tchire lobiriwira.
Zowona, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti tizirombo ta anthurium timakhalapo pamtengowo osati ma tizilombo akuluakulu, komanso mazira ndi mphutsi. Pang'onopang'ono kuwononga mibadwo, ngati simunabwereza kukonzanso, gwiritsani ntchito malo osakhalapo ndikupitiliza kuvulaza chikhalidwecho.
Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo amakono amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Ndipo mitundu ina, monga chishango chachikulu chowonetsedwa pachithunzichi, sichitha kugwa motere. Chifukwa chake, wofesayo azikhala wokonzeka osati kungothirira masamba ndi sopo mobwerezabwereza, komanso kuthira anthurium ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Patatha tsiku limodzi chithandizocho, masamba a anthurium amatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera, ndikuthira dothi mosamala kuchokera chinyezi chambiri.
Ngakhale kuyang'anira tizirombo sikugwira ntchito mochuluka monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zowola mizu, kupewa nthawi zonse kumakhala kopindulitsa komanso kosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, nkhupakupa pa anthurium, monga mitundu ina, zimayamba chinyezi chochepa. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalira chomera, komanso kutsuka masamba, omwe ndi njira yothanirana ndi tizirombo pa anthurium ndikuthandizira chomera kupuma.
Mutha kuletsa tizirombo kufalikira ku mbewu zathanzi pokhazikitsira anthu omwe atipeza kumene. Kwa milungu itatu kapena itatu, mutha kuzindikira zovuta zonse zobisika za msipu wobiriwira uja, kuchitapo kanthu kuti zisagwire komanso kuti zisawononge zotsalazo.
