Astra pachaka - nyenyezi yophukira

Dzinali limachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti 'callinos' - okongola ndi 'stephos' - nkhata, inflorescence m'mapangidwe amafanana ndi nkhata. Astra - lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki limatanthawuza "nyenyezi".

Nthano yakale imati phulusa lidatuluka kuchokera mu dothi lomwe linagwa kuchokera mu nyenyezi. Kale ku Greece ku Greece, anthu amadziwa bwino gulu la nyenyezi lotchedwa Virgo, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi mulungu wamkazi wachikondi Aphrodite. Malinga ndi nthano yakale yachi Greek, aster adatuluka kuchokera kufumbi la cosmic pomwe Namwaliyo amayang'ana kuchokera kumwamba ndikulira. Kwa Agiriki akale, aster akufanizira chikondi.

Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti ngati mungayime pakati pa aster usiku ndikumvetsera mosamala, mutha kumva kunong'ona pang'ono: ndi aster omwe amakhala ndi kucheza kosatha ndi alongo awo a nyenyezi.

Pali nthano ina yokhudza maonekedwe a asters padziko lapansi: amonke awiri achi Taoist adaganiza zopita ku nyenyezi. Iwo anayenda kwa nthawi yayitali kudutsa m'nkhalango yaminga. Adadutsa m'nkhalango za juniper. Tinakwera mapiri osawoneka bwino. Wokongoletsedwa ndi matalala oundana. Mpaka afikire pamwamba pa phiri lalitali kwambiri la Altai. Koma, atafika pamwamba, adawona kuti nyenyezi zidalipo kumwamba ndipo siziyandikira. Dolog anali njira yobwerera. Amonkewo analibe chakudya kapena madzi otsalira, anang'amba thupi lonse m'magazi, anang'amba zovala zawo. Popanda mphamvu, adatsika kumapiri, natuluka kudera lokongola, komwe kumayenda mitsinje yoyera ndipo maluwa abwino amakula. M'modzi wa ophunzirawo anati: "Tawonani, tafika povuta kuti tiwone kukongola kwa nyenyezi zakuthambo, ndipo iwo, padziko lapansi pano." Adakumba ndikubweretsa mbewu zingapo ku nyumba ya amonke ndipo adayamba kubzala maluwawo, kuwatcha asters, omwe mu Latin amatanthauza nyenyezi.

Ku China, asters akuwonetsera kukongola, kulondola, kukongola, chithumwa komanso ulemu..

Kwa anthu aku Hungary, duwa limalumikizidwa ndi yophukira, chifukwa chake ku Hungary aster amatchedwa "autumn rose". Kale, anthu amakhulupirira kuti ngati masamba angapo a aster aponyedwa pamoto, utsi wochokera pamoto uno ungathe kutulutsa njoka.

Duwa la Aster ndi chizindikiro cha akazi omwe adabadwa pansi pa chikwangwani cha Virgo. Astra ndi chizindikiro cha chisoni. Duwa ili lidayesedwa mphatso kwa munthu wochokera kwa milungu, amulet, amulet, tinthu tomwe nyenyezi yake yakutali. Chifukwa chake, zachisoni zoimiriridwa ndi iye ndichisoni chifukwa cha paradiso wotayika, kulephera kukwera kumwamba.

Garden Astra (Callistephus chinensis)

Callistefus Chinese, kapena pachaka Astra - Callistephus chinensis.

Kwawo - kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Far East, China, Mongolia, Korea.

Chitsamba cham pachaka chokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, yopingidwa, yambiri. Zimayambira ndizobiriwira, nthawi zina zimakhala zofiira, zolimba, zolimba, zosavuta kapena zophukira. Masamba amakonzedwa motere, kutsikira pa petioles, chowulungika kapena chowzungulira-maumbidwe, osagwirizana, opindika, opindika kapena opindika m'mphepete; Omwe ali pamwamba amakhala pansi. Inflorescence ndi dengu lopangidwa ndi bango ndi maluwa a tubular. Limamasula kuyambira Julayi mpaka nthawi yophukira. Chipatsochi ndi achene. Mbewu zipsa patatha masiku 30 mpaka 40 atayamba maluwa, khalani akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zitatu. Mu 1 g 450-500 mbewu.

Pulogalamu yamtchire yamtchire sikukongoletsa pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri ya hybrid yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi, kosiyana mawonekedwe, kukula, kapangidwe ndi mtundu wa inflorescence; mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chitsamba ndi nthawi yamaluwa.

Malo: Chomera chazithunzi, chozizira. Imakongoletsedwa kwambiri ikakulirakukhwimitsa kutentha ndi chinyezi mlengalenga ndi dothi, imakonda malo otseguka, kopanda dzuwa, koma imalekerera pang'ono.

Dothi: Imakula bwino pamtundu wachonde, nthaka yachonde yokhala ndi acidity pafupi ndi ndale. Kubweretsa manyowa pansi pa mbewuyi kumabweretsa kugonjetsedwa kwa mbewu ndi Fusarium. Pachifukwa ichi, simungathe kubzala asters mutatha gladioli, tulips, carnations ndikubwerera kumalo ambuyomu kale kuposa zaka 4-5. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi calendula ndi tagete. Mu nthawi yophukira, pansi pokumba kwambiri dothi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere 2-4 kg ya humus kapena kompositi pa 1 m2, masika osakumba - 20-40 g ya superphosphate, 15-20 g wa ammonium sulfate, 15-20 g mchere wam potaziyamu. Mlingo wa feteleza umawonetsedwa. Mlingo wapadera umayenera kuwerengedwa potengera kusanthula kwa nthaka kwa nyemba za nthaka.

Chisamaliro

Nthaka zabwino kwambiri za asters ndizachonde, dothi loyuka kapena dothi lamchenga lochita kuyandikira. Pa dothi lopanda kanthu kapena dothi, ma asters amawoneka kuti amabadwa, ndiye kuti, m'malo mwa maluwa akulu akulu, maluwa osavuta komanso osakhala apadziko lapansi amakula. Malo amakonda dzuwa, ndi chinyezi chochepa.

Kuswana

Zomera zimakula bwino ndi mbande - izi zimathamanga ndikuchulukitsa maluwa. Kupeza mbande, asters amafesedwa m'chipinda kumapeto kwa Marichi m'bokosi lokhala ndi dimba. Pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza mtunda wa masentimita (1 cm), wothiriridwa madzi ndikutidwa ndi filimu kapenagalasi. Mbewu za Aster zimakhala ndi chipolopolo chofewa, koma zimamera mwachangu - patatha masiku 3-5 mutabzala pa kutentha kwa mpweya madigiri 18-20. Ndikwabwino kuti mutenge mbewu kuchokera chaka chatha.

Mbande zimamwe madzi pang'ono, ndipo pakubwera masamba awiri enieni, zimakokedwa (kubzalidwa) m'bokosi lalitali masentimita 8 komanso mtunda pakati pa mbewu za masentimita 3. Mukatola, mizu ya asters imadulidwa. M'tsogolo - kuthirira pang'ono komanso kumasula. Posachedwa, mbewu zazing'ono zimayenera kutengedwa kupita kumweya watsopano.

Pofika nthawi yodzala, mbande izikhala ndi tsinde lalitali 6-10 masentimita ndi masamba akulu akulu 5-7. Nthawi yodzala m'munda wamaluwa kuyambira kuyambira Meyi. Asters saopa kuwala kwa chisanu, kulekerera kupandukira bwino ndipo zimaphuka msanga.. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu mukabzala: mitundu yayitali - 40 cm, sing'anga - 30, otsika - 15 cm.

Mbewu za asters zimafesedwa mwachindunji mu nthaka mutangoyamba kubaya. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zimakhwimitsidwa, sizikhala ndi matenda, koma zimaphukira pambuyo pake.

Zilombo zimalekerera kupatsirana nthawi ya maluwa. Kukhazikika kwa chisanu, mutha kukumba chomera ndi mtanda wa dziko, kuwoka mumphika ndikuuyika pazenera - aster apitilira kutulutsa.

Matenda

Fusarium Fusarium wilting, kapena fusarium aster, ndimatenda am'mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa limodzi la genus Fusarium. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera kale m'mera akuluakulu, pagawo la budding ndi chiyambi cha maluwa. Njira zoyesera pothana ndi matendawa sizinapangidwebe. Komabe, pali njira zoletsa zomwe zingachepetse izi. Ndikofunikira kuti aster apange kasinthasintha wa mbeu pamalopo, komanso kasinthasintha wa mbeu m'malo akulu. Astra isinthane ndi maluwa ndi masamba ena kuti abwerere pomwe sichinakhalepo isanachitike 5, makamaka zaka 6.

Patsamba lomwe likukonzekera kubzala ma aster, munthu sayenera kubweretsa manyowa ndi kompositi yatsopano, koma manyowa okha komanso manyowa owumbidwa bwino. Njira zonse zomwe zimathandizira kukana kwa thupi kumera kumakulitsa kukana kwa matenda a Fusarium, monga: kubzala mbewu chisanadze ndi mayankho a micherement, kukula bwino, mbande zolimba, kuvala pamwamba ndi zovala feteleza zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Zomera siziyenera kubzalidwa pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti ma bulugamu amathandiziridwanso komanso madzi samayenda pakakhosi kamizu. Zomera zoyambitsidwa ndi Fusarium zimayenera kuchotsedwa posachedwa pamalopo kapena m'munda wamaluwa. Sayenera kuyikidwa m'manda pansi kapena kompositi. Zikuyenera kuwotchedwa. Inde, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yosagonjetseka ku Fusarium pakubzala. Ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri.

M'nyengo yachinyezi, kuwonjezera pa Fusarium, aster imatha kukhudzidwa ndi zowola za imvi, verticillosis, powdery mildew. Polimbana ndi matendawa, kulandira chithandizo cha nthawi ndi nthawi monga fundazole kumathandiza.

Nthawi zina, matenda a ma virus amawoneka pa aster - jaundice ndi nkhaka mosaic. Popewa matenda awa, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi ma spid omwe amapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi. Ichi ndiye chonyamula chachikulu cha matenda a mavairasi pazomera. Zomera zokhala ndi kachilombo zimachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa mwachangu. Sayenera kuyikidwa m'manda kapena kupakidwa manyowa.

Tizilombo

Impso. Zimasokoneza mbewu zazing'ono ngakhale mbande, pomwe mbewu zimakhala ndi masamba owona a 3-4. Impso zaimpso zimayambitsa kupindika kwa masamba pamwamba pa mbewu. Masamba adakwinyika.

Njira zoyendetsera: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chlorophos, karbofos, depis kapena Inta-Vir amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumwaza kumayenera kuchitika koyambirira pomwe mbewu zilibe masamba opitilira anayi.

Kuphatikiza pa nsabwe za m'masamba, ma aster amatha kuwonongeka ndi kupumira kwa fodya, kuwononga ma penni, ma bugs. Kumwera kwa dzikolo, imawonongeka kwambiri ndi njenjete ya mpendadzuwa. Kuti muthane nawo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ovomerezeka komanso ogulitsa.

Mitundu

Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 600 ya asters. Amasiyana kutalika, nthawi yamaluwa, cholinga cha kulima ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa.

Malinga ndi nthawi ya maluwa, amagawika m'magulu atatu:

Oyambirira. Nthawi kuyambira pa kutuluka pang'ono mpaka poyambira maluwa ndi masiku 83-115. Phulusa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Julayi mpaka Sepemba.
Yapakatikati. Masiku 116-122. Phulika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala. Mitundu yambiri ili m'gulu lino.
Mochedwa. Masiku 123-131. Phulusa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Kutalika kumagawidwa m'magulu asanu:

patali. Kufikira 25 cm.
wokhala pansi. Kufikira 35 cm.
kukula kwapakatikati. Kufikira 60 cm
wamtali. Kufikira 80 cm.
wamkulu. Koposa 80 cm.

Ndi chikhalidwe chogwiritsira ntchito, amagawika m'magulu atatu:

Kudula. Wamtali, wokhala ndi ma terry inflorescence akulu komanso maulendo apamwamba aatali.
Milandu. Yotsika, yaying'ono, yoyenera mabedi amaluwa, komanso kukula m'miphika pazenera, nyumba zobiriwira.
Ponseponse. Zomera zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati zokhala ndi maudzu atali ndi inflorescence yayikulu. Gwiritsani ntchito kudula komanso maluwa.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka inflorescence agawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Tubular. Ma inflorescence amapanga maluwa a tubular okha, afupi kapena aatali ndi mitundu kapena mtundu womwewo.
Kusintha. Inflorescence imakhala ndi bango ndi maluwa a tubular. Maluwa a Reed ali m'mizere 1-2, tubular mudzaza pakati, ndikupanga maluwa.
Reed. Maluwa onse mu inflorescence ndi bango kapena tubular ndi bango, koma bango lokwanira kuphimba tubular. Pakati pa bango, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi imasiyanitsidwa: mawonekedwe owoneka ngati tiles, pion-pion, chrysanthemum, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati singano, owala, ozungulira.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, ndikukumbukira momwe ndimanyadira kuti ndidapita kusukulu pa Seputembara 1 ndi gulu la asters okongola! Zedi - maluwa awa ndi chizindikiro cha nthawi yophukira!