Momwe mungadyetsere maluwa mdziko muno masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Maphikidwe a kavalidwe ndi kukonza dongosolo

Nthawi yamalimwe ndi nthawi yotentha kwa wamaluwa ndi okhala chilimwe. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja, ambiri akhala akukulira mbande, ndipo kasupe amasinthidwa kupita kumalo okhazikika. Mphukira zazing'ono zidzafunika kusamalidwa bwino, kulemekezedwa komanso njira zina zowonjezera (umuna). Olima olimba mtima amalima osati masamba othandiza masamba ndi zipatso zokha, ndikufunanso kulingalira zokongola. Maluwa amalimbikitsa maonekedwe ake, koma kuti iwo azimanga pafupipafupi (izi ndizowona makamaka kwa zipatso zosatha), ndikofunikira kuwonjezera umuna m'nthaka ndi michere.

Kuti mukongoletse malowa ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, gwiritsani ntchito maluwa ndi pachaka komanso maluwa osinthasintha. Zonsezi zimafunikira kuphatikiza manyowa, ndipo chinsinsi cha kukula bwino ndikuyenda bwino kwamaluwa ndendende ndiko kubzala kwamaluwa.

Kodi ndizovuta kudyetsa maluwa: ndiyambira kuti?

Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothira nthaka ndi masika. Pali mchitidwe wotere: granules feteleza zimagawidwa pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, koma pali ngozi yoti angatengeke ndi madzi osungunuka. Yambani kugwira ntchito kuchokera ku matalala, ndipo koposa zonse, mutatha masiku 7 mutabzala panthaka;

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, mfundo yoti "ndizabwino koposa" sigwira ntchito. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamala, onetsetsani mulingo kuti michere ilowe m'nthaka moyenera. Zinthu zochulukirapo zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa, ndipo kuchepa kwake kumachepetsa kuyeserera kwa olima. Kuti muchite bwino, pangani mapulani: mmera womwe udzagwiritsidwamo feteleza womwe, komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Kodi kudyetsa maluwa mdziko muno? Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wazomera komanso zovuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kapena kuphatikiza, mutha kusintha. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral, munthu ayenera kutsatira malangizo, tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane "chinsinsi" choyenera cha zinthu zogwirizana ndi gawo la nkhaniyi;

Mukatha kuvala koyamba pamwamba (osatengera maluwa ndi zomwe mumadya), mulani nthaka ndikadula masamba kapena zipatso zamtengo.

Tsatirani zinthu zomwe zingakule bwino ndi maluwa omwe amatulutsa maluwa

Mukamagula zakusakaniza za michere ya mchere kapena kukonza organic, ndikofunika kulabadira kukhalapo kwa zinthu zazikulu zitatu: nitrogen, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.

Nitrogen udindo wa masamba ndi maluwa zimayambira. Kukonzanso dothi ndi chinthu ichi ndikofunikira pa gawo linalake lachitukuko - ndi kukula kwakukulu. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira, kuchokera pakuwonjezereka kwa nayitrogeni, minofu ya masamba ndi zimayambira zimamasulidwa, chifukwa chomwe mbewuyo imakana. Panthawi yophukira, gawo la chinthucho mu feteleza liyenera kukhala laling'ono, apo ayi maluwa azikhala ochepa.

Maziko a mchere wa michere ya maluwa oyenda bwino amatchedwa potaziyamu - Ndiye chinthu ichi chomwe chimathandizira kuti pakhale masamba. Zofunika kuti zipangidwe koyambirira kwa bukhu la masamba, komanso nthawi yamaluwa.

Phosphorous -Chinthu chothandiza kwambiri, chofunikira pakugawika kwa maselo. Idzafunikira chomera kuyambira pachiyambi cha maluwa mpaka nthawi yopanga mbewu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mineral pafupipafupi kumathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, i.e. kumawonjezera kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Mukadyetsa maluwa m'munda

Chifukwa chake, pamagawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko, ndikofunikira kuti mupange feteleza ena. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumakhala mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko chathunthu. Onetsetsani kuti mwadyetsa panthawiyi, kuti mbewuzo zitha kupanga bwino masamba ndi masamba, ndiye kuti zitha kuthana ndi kulemera kwa mitengo yokongola mtsogolo.

Maluwa pachaka pa nyengo yonse yakukula, mavalidwe apamwamba awiri kapena atatu adzafunika. Gulani chovala choyamba mlungu umodzi mutathira poyera, chachiwiri chitha kuchitika pambuyo pa masabata 2,5, zomwe zimapangitsanso kukula kwa msipu wobiriwira. Ndiye kudyetsa pa mapangidwe masamba kapena kumayambiriro kwa maluwa.

Kwa osathaKuphatikiza pa zovalazi zapamwamba, muyenera kuchita zovala zingapo zapamwamba kuti muthe kubwezeretsa mphamvu yazomera ndikuzikonzekeretsa nyengo yachisanu. Zachidziwikire, chilichonse chimakhala payokha pamtundu wina wa mbewu, zina zimangofunika mavalidwe apamwamba anayi okha panthawi iliyonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti mbewu zisangalatse eni akewo chifukwa cha maluwa opitilira nyengo imodzi.

Momwe mungadyetsere maluwa mdziko muno

Mu nthawi yophukira, zipatso zosatha zimadyetsedwa, zomwe zimafunikira kukonzekera bwino nyengo yachisanu komanso maluwa amtsogolo. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu ziwiri zofunika ndizofunikira - phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.

Kudyetsa maluwa mdziko mu kugwa, kuwaza feteleza pansi pa 2 2 superphosphate ndi 1 tbsp potaziyamu pa 1 sq.

Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuti mulch pamwamba kuchokera pamwamba ndi masamba agwa, udzu kapena china chilichonse chamoyo.

Feteleza zachilengedwe ndi manyowa obiriwira mabedi amaluwa

Feteleza zachilengedwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kuwola kwa zinthu zamoyo, i.e. mwachilengedwe. Kuthandizira kukulira mu kasupe, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: nkhuku (nkhuku) zitosi, manyowa oweta, humus, kompositi, peat, utuchi, manyowa obiriwira. Feteleza wodabwitsa ndi phulusa lamatabwa, lomwe silimangoteteza mbewu ku matenda, komanso limadzaza dothi ndi zovuta zonse zofunikira.

Muyenera kudziwa zosowa za mmera kuti muchite chilichonse bwino. Chifukwa chake, si maluwa onse omwe amasangalala kuvala ndi ndowe. Wood phulusa amachepetsa nthaka, ndipo peat ndi utuchi kumachulukitsa acidity.

Universal pazomera zonse ndi kompositi ndi humus. Amakhala abwino mulch; Sinthani chovala pamwamba nthawi zonse. Komanso, mbewu zonse zimapindula chifukwa chodzala patsamba la siderata.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kumakongoletsa kapangidwe ka dothi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa, yotayirira, yamadzi komanso yopuma. Mwa zabwino za umagwirira wa organic, kupezeka kwake kuyenera kuzindikirika; kumidzi, kuli zinthu zambiri zopangira manyowa. Palinso zovuta: kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni komwe kumatha kuwononga mizu (yankho la kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa a nkhuku ndipo mullein ali wolemera mu chinthu ichi), ndiye sungani mankhwalawa; kuti mukwaniritse kwambiri, zidzakhala zofunikira kupanga feteleza zochulukirapo, ndipo fungo lakuthwa silipanga kugwira nawo ntchito kukhala losangalatsa kwambiri.

Siderata ndi gulu lapadera la mbewu zomwe zimadzalidwa pamalo amodzi kumapeto kwa kasupe, ndipo mu kugwa zimakumba, i.e. khalani nawo munthaka. Nyengo, amagwira ntchito ngati mulch (kuteteza nthaka kuti isachoke mwachangu, kuchepetsa udzu), komanso kudyetsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni (kuthamanga kwa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu, choncho gwiritsani ntchito siderates mosamala). Mu nthawi yophukira, michere imasambitsidwa msanga ndi madzi amvula, ndipo manyowa obiriwira omwe adalowetsedwa m'nthaka amagwiranso ntchito ngati nthawi yayitali.

Zopangira feteleza zamaluwa mdziko muno

Kuvala kwa masika a maluwa mothandizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mudyetse mbewuzo ndi zovuta zonse za macro- ndi ma microelements. Pakati pawo: nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous, chitsulo, calcium, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zimatengedwa mwachangu.

• Wopanga feteleza wa mitundu yonse azikhala nitroammophoska, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito nyengo yonseyo ndi pafupipafupi kuphatikiza feteleza 1-2 pamwezi.
• Tengani supuni ziwiri za feteleza ndikuthira mu malita 10 a madzi ofunda.
• Izi zimatha kuthiriridwa kapena kuthiridwa masamba.
• Mavalidwe apamwamba oterewa amapereka maluwa ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pakukula, kuphuka komanso maluwa ambiri.

Zopangira feteleza zimatha kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe, chifukwa si mbewu zonse zomwe zimawona feteleza wachilengedwe bwino. Pakuphatikiza feteleza ndi mchere wa feteleza ndi njira yokhayo yopezera michere yowonjezera.

Zophatikiza michere zimatha kukhala chimodzi chimodzi kapena zimakhala ndi zovuta kuzinthu zina. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yokhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi urea. Amapangidwa modabwitsa. Ma granules ayenera kumangokonzedwa munthaka, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi chinyezi (mvula kapena kuthirira) zimasungunuka pang'onopang'ono ndipo mizu yake imayamwa zinthu zopindulitsa. Maluwa amafunikira makamaka asafe.

Kuti mupange bwino masamba ambiri, omwe pambuyo pake amatanthauza maluwa oyenda, zinthu monga phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zidzafunika. Kufikira izi, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu nitrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

• Pakumakhala nyengo yovuta, makamaka nyengo yotentha yozizira, wopatsa mphamvu amathandizira potaziyamu: kuvala pamwamba kumawonjezera chitetezo chokwanira komanso chomera cha mbewu kuti chisavutike, ndikuwapatsa ma microelements ofunikira.
• Kukonzekera njira yothirira madzi othirira, tengani 50 ml ya madzi ndikukonzekera ndikuchepetsa malita 10 a madzi.

Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza wa michere, popeza ali ndi zonse zofunika pazoyenera. Chowonadi chambiri chimakupatsani mwayi woti musankhe chovala chapamwamba pa chomera chilichonse, poganizira nyengo yomwe mukukula. Dziwani kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi moyo wa alumali ochepa (pafupifupi miyezi 12), osagwiritsa ntchito iwo atatha.

Momwe mungadyetsere maluwa mdziko: njira ziwiri

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito organic, komanso feteleza wa mchere munjira zosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa pamizu: feteleza umalowetsedwa kumtunda kapena kubweretsedwa mu dzenje louma kapena njira yothandiza ikakonzedwa ndikuthiridwa pansi pa mbewu. Kulowetsedwa kwa zitosi za mbalame kapena mullein kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera. Zamoyo zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mulch kapena kulowetsedwa mu maenje obzala, muthanso kuzibzalira m'nthaka kuti mukumbire kwambiri malowo (chitani izi mu kugwa).

Omwe alimi ambiri sanyalanyaza njira yachabechabe yosinthira mbewu, yopanda maziko. Mwa kupopera mbewu ndi njira yothira michere, mutha kuwakwaniritsa mwachangu ndi zinthu zofunika. Kuvala pamwamba kotere ndikwabwino kwa mbewu zomwe zawonongeka kapena zitha kutenga matenda.

Momwe mungadyetsere maluwa mdziko: zitsanzo za magulu a mitengo yodziwika

Mu gawo lino, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingadyetsere magulu amtundu wa maluwa omwe ali m'gulu la osatha. Chikhalidwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi zake mosiyanasiyana posamalira feteleza ndi pafupipafupi.

Momwe mungadyetsere maluwa

Momwe mungadyetsere maluwa maphikidwe mdziko muno

Kwa kukongola uku, nayitrogeni ndiofunikira - kukhazikitsa msipu wobiriwira, kukula ndi kupsinjika kwa bud, komanso thanzi la mbewu yonse, zimadalira. Chovala chakumaso choyamba chizichitidwa ndi predominance ya kachigawo ka nayitrogeni. Manyowa amathana bwino ndi ntchitoyi, ndipo aliyense (kavalo, ng'ombe, mbalame, wopakidwa mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena manyowa).

Chifukwa chake kudya koyamba tchire tating'ono timachita izi:

• Pesa mullein watsopano kwa sabata limodzi, mudzaze ndi madzi kuti amangokuta, ndikuthira 1 lita imodzi yokhazikika mu ndowa. Thirani yankho lokonzekera pamalopo a ndowa 2-3.
• Mutha kudyetsa ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate (1 m² wa chiwembu chogwiritsa ntchito 30 g feteleza).

Ngati masika achedwa, ndipo maluwa aphuka masamba opotoza, feteleza wa nayitrogeni sayenera kudyetsedwa. Pankhaniyi, mchere sugwira, mutha kuvulaza.

Kudya kwachiwiri maluwa akuyenera kuchitika pakukhazikitsa masamba:

• Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wophatikizira wa mtundu wa Kemira-universal (mudzafunika 35 g ya mankhwalawa pa 1 mita imodzi mwa malo).

Musanatsegule masamba, adyetsaninso ndi yankho la kulowetsedwa kwa mullein malinga ndi njira iyi. Idzasinthidwa ndi yankho la sodium humate (theka la supuni pa 10 malita a madzi).

Njira ina yabwinobwino ya mullein ndi kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba:

• Kuti mukonzekere, dzazani chidebe cha lita khumi ndi 1/3 ndi udzu wobiriwira wosenda (nettle, dandelions, namsongole pamalowo), dzazani ndi madzi pamwamba ndikukhala kwa maola 24.
• Kenako timathira 0,5 malita a umuna kwa malita 5 a madzi ndi madzi 1 chitsamba ndi yankho ili.

Kuti tithandizire kukula ndi kubwezeretsa mphukira m'zaka khumi za Julayi, kudyetsa maluwa ndi feteleza wovuta wa mineral (nitroammophoska yemweyo ndi yoyenera). Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, chotsani mbali zonse za nayitrogeni feteleza. M'dzinja, mulch nthaka ndi phulusa.

Momwe mungadyetse ma asters

Momwe mungadyetse aster osatha komanso pachaka mdziko muno

Opanga nsangala amatcha mbewuzi zowombera nyenyezi. Kuti mukule bwino pakuvala kwapamwamba, ndikofunikira kupanga nyengo yonse.

• Mu Epulo yonse, kuthira feteleza ndi organic feteleza kuyenera kuchitika, kenako nthaka ikayikidwe ndi udzu kapena makungwa a mitengo.
• Ndi kubwera kwa masamba, onjezani phosphorous-potaziyamu kapangidwe kazomwe akukula (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala "Energene").
• Masamba akayamba kuphuka, adyetseni ndi feteleza wapadziko lonse lapansi wa maluwa.
• Pakati pa Seputembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala, kwa mitundu yosatha, kuwaza phulusa lamatabwa kuchokera pagalasi limodzi pa galasi lalikulu.

Momwe mungadye ndi phlox

Momwe mungadyetse phlox mdziko muno

Ndondomeko yothira feteleza ndi yofanana ndi mbewu zina: masika nthawi yophukira-kuyambira kwa maluwa-kugwa. Kuti muchite bwino komanso maluwa a phlox, ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa nthawi zonse ndi fomula nitrogen-phosphorous-potaziyamu. Chosankha choyenera kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizira mchere.

• Chapakatikati, mulch ndi kompositi, ndipo nthawi ya kugwa (kale kumapeto kwa Okutobala) gawirani phulusa la nkhuni panthaka.
• Munthawi yoyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni, kuti mulimbikitse kukula, chitani chovala chotsatira: mu ndowa ya lita 10, kuchepetsa kulowetsedwa ndi mullein ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10, onjezani pafupifupi 300 g phulusa louma komanso kuthira mbewu.
• Ngati palibe chilichonse chachilengedwe, gwiritsani ntchito nitroammophoska pa supuni ziwiri pa ndowa imodzi, kutsanulira tchire 4-6 ndi yankho.

Momwe mungadyetse dahlias

Momwe mungadyetse dahlias a maluwa obiriwira komanso kukula

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chomera chomwe sichimalekerera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mwachindunji pansi pa muzu. Pakudyetsa, ndikofunikira kukumba poyambira kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mtunda wa 5-6 masentimita kuzungulira chomera, m'tsogolo, feteleza amathiridwa, kuthiridwa ndikuikidwa m'manda pamenepo.

• Kudya koyamba kuyenera kuchitika milungu ingapo mutabzala ma corms panthaka. Nitrogen imathandizira kukula. Phatikizani kulowetsedwa kwa mullein ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10 ndikuthirira mbewuzo. Zamoyo zitha kusinthidwa ndi feteleza wina aliyense wokhala ndi nayitrogeni (nitrate, urea kuchokera pakumwa 1 tbsp pachidebe chamadzi).
• Imathandizanso mu kasupe kudyetsa dahlias ndi yankho la superphosphate (supuni ziwiri pa 10 malita a madzi).
• Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, kudyetsa yankho lomweli la superphosphate ndi kuwonjezera kwa 0,5 l wa phulusa.
• Kuti mulimbitse mizu ndi nyengo yachisanu yopambana bwino, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, potaziyamu sulfate, supuni 1 ya chomera chilichonse, iyenera kutsekedwa mumtengo wozungulira.
• Kuyambira pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Seputembala (yang'anani pa kutentha kwa mpweya) ntchito ya feteleza siyimitsidwa.

Momwe mungadyetse jasmine, hydrangea ndi lilac

Zitsamba zamaluwa zimachita zinthu mosaganizira kwambiri za chisamaliro chambiri komanso umuna makamaka. Ndikokwanira kuzidyetsa kawiri pachaka.

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa bwino "Hardekton" ndi "Agricola". Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa momwemonso: m'malita atatu a madzi timasungunula magalamu atatu a mankhwala.

Zitsamba monga jasmine, hydrangea ndi lilacs zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zithirane ndi yankho la mankhwala "Bud" (supuni 1 ya mankhwala pa malita atatu a madzi) masamba asanapangidwe.