Kodi mungapeze bwanji mbewu yabwino ya beet?

Beetroot ndi mbewu wamba yamabedi m'mabedi athu. Koma mochulukirachulukira, alimiwo amadandaula za obereketsa, ponena kuti mitundu ya beet yataya mikhalidwe yawo. Zomera zamasamba zakhala zamtchire, zamtchire. Kutsekemera kwawo kunatha. Omwe aluso kwambiri amati palibe chomwe chasintha, ndipo ma beets amapanga zokolola zambiri zabwinozabwino bwino. Kuwunika kwa mafunso kwa owerenga athu kunawonetsa kuti si aliyense amene amaganizira zamomwe zimakhalira pakukula kwa beets, samakwaniritsa zofuna za agrotechnical, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kazomera mu mbeu, ndikukulitsa chizindikiro cha mizu.

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za beets?

Beets ndi a mbewu ya tsiku lalitali ndikufesa koyambirira, pomwe zazikuluzikulu za tsogolo lazomwe zimayikidwa, zimasowa kuyatsa.

Samalekerera shading. Ikafesa pansi pa mitengo, ndikugwera munthaka ya mbewu zosakhwima m'munda, imakula bwino chifukwa cha kutentha kwachepa, kusowa kwa nyali ndi michere, komwe kumachotsanso mizu yamitengo yolimba.

Beets, yopanga mizu, imafunikira kuchuluka kwa michere ndi kuchepa kwake, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi kusasiyanitsidwa komanso kusakonzekereratu, kuchepetsa kukula kwa maselo. Zomera zamtundu zimakhalabe zazing'ono, minofu imakhala yolimba.

Kuperewera kwa michere, ndipo koposa zonse, kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka kumakhudza kwambiri kukoma kwa zipatso za beet. Beetroot ndi yapadera pazakudya zake zambiri za sodium komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa calcium (10: 1). Kuyesaku kunawonetsa kuti sodium, ngakhale mchere wochepa utalowetsedwa mu dothi, umachotsa potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina kuchokera mu dothi limatenga zovuta (PPC), ndikuwapangitsa kuti azitha kumera. Kusinthanitsa pakati pa sodium ndi ma cations a zinthu zina kumathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mizu ndi zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi 0.5-1.0%.

Kusakhala bwino kwa mizu ya beet kungakhale chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka, komwe kumasokoneza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika muzomera.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji beets zazikulu ndi zotsekemera?

Malo omwe beets amapanga zachikhalidwe

Mukakulitsa beets pachikhalidwe china, otsogola abwino kwambiri amakhala pafupi (tsabola wokoma, biringanya), dzungu (zukini, sikwashi), anyezi, adyo. Lacy penumbra nyemba za katsitsumzukwa ndi nandolo zimapanga malo abwino oti beets itabzalidwa m'mabedi okhala yaying'ono. Komabe, mbewu za muzu zokhala ndi beets ndizomwe zimatitsogolera.

Beet zofunikira nthaka yabwino

Monga mbewu zina, beets amakonda malo otentha bwino, motero ndibwino kuyiyika pamabedi apamwamba, omwe amapereka kuwala kowunikira. Malowa akuyenera kudulidwenso, chifukwa beets simalola chinyezi kupitirira. Pankhani yakuthupi, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi malo abwino otayira, ikhale yopepuka, yopanda chinyezi, yopumira, kuti isamve kuperewera kwa oxygen.

Dothi la beets liyenera kukhala losalowerera pH = 6.5-7.2 mayunitsi. Kuchulukitsa acidity kumachepetsa zipatso za mizu, kotero dothi (ngati kuli koyenera) limasulidwa. Ndondomeko nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu kugwa kuti ziwiritsemo nthawi yothira feteleza. Feteleza pankhaniyi amamugwiritsa ntchito pansi pa pulawo yamvula. Ndi acidity yowonjezereka, michere ina imakhala yosatheka kuti ibeets. Monga othandizira othandizira, ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Mukakolola chotsogola, bedi la mundayo limatsukidwa nsonga, namsongole ndi zinyalala zina. Amakonda kuputa mphukira yophukira ya namsongole. Feteleza kwamtundu umayikidwa mbande za udzu - nitroammophoskos kapena feteleza wa phosphorous-potashi wopanda zochulukirapo za feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndipo amakumba 25-30 cm.

Zothandiza kwa beets kufesa siderates m'nyengo yozizira. Beets nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo. Kubzala zikhalidwe zosakanikirana kuchokera ku radish, rapeseed ndi mpiru sikuti kungokhala ngati feteleza wabwino ndikutulutsa nthaka ndi mizu yake, komanso kuthira mankhwala opopera, kuwononga waya ndi zowola. Siderat ikhoza kukumba mu kugwa pomwe msipu wobiriwira umakula mpaka 10 cm, ndikutha kusiyidwa ndikakonzedwa ndi dothi lamasamba.

Ngati dothi lanyumba, lolemera m'mapangidwe ake, amakumbidwanso mchaka. Ngati siderates sagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizotheka kuyambitsa nthaka mwakuthupi - agroperlite kapena agroermiculite kuti achepetse dothi.

Kulimbitsa beets

Beets sakonda "kudya kwambiri", motero, pansi pa kulima kwakukulu, kuyambira nthawi yophukira kugwa 60-70 g / sq. Nitrophos. m, ammophos 50-60 g / sq. m ndi kuwonjezera kwa potaziyamu sulphate 30-40 g / sq. m kapena osakaniza feteleza wazomera zamasamba. Kuperewera kwa zakudya kumathandizidwa ndi kuvala kwapamwamba panthawi yakula yachikhalidwe. Pa dothi lachonde kwambiri, ndi gawo limodzi lokha la 1/3 la feteleza lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula, kapena magalasi 1-2 a phulusa pa lalikulu mita. m lalikulu.

Madeti a beet kufesa

Ngati kasupe afunda popanda kubweza chisanu ndi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa + 17 ... + 13 ° С, ndiye kuti beets imafesedwa pamene dothi latenthetsedwa mpaka + 3 ... + 4 ° С. Ngati kuphukira kuli kotalikirapo ndipo kufesa kwauma, ndiye kuti muzu ukhoza kukhala pachimake ndipo osapanga zipatso zabwino zomwe zikuyembekezeka kale. Chifukwa chake, simukufunika kufulumira ndi kubzala beets, muyenera kudikirira nyengo yofunda ndi nyengo yabwino yakuwotchera mpaka + 5 ... + 6 ° C pamizere yokhala ndi mizu.

Beet kubzala chiwembu

Njira yofesa beets ndi yachilendo, ndipo yopanda mzere masentimita 40-45 kapena mizere iwiri, ndi mtunda pakati pa mizere 25-30 cm pakati pa mizere ndi -40-45 masentimita pakati pa mizere. - mpaka 3-4 masentimita .. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa mlengalenga, mbande zimawonekera pamasiku a 5-6 kapena 10-11.

Kuti dothi linyowe, mutabzala beets, kamawu umakutidwa ndi kanema mpaka mbande imodzi ikawonekera. Mutha kuphimba ndi makatoni ndikusiyira madzi mwadongosolo. Chinyezi chimalembera makatoni ndikuletsa kupangika kwa chouma pamtunda.

Nthawi yakula, kutentha kwambiri kwa beets ndi + 18 ... + 22 ° C. Kutentha kukakwera pamwamba + 25 ° C, njira za metabolic muzu zomwe zimayamba kuchepa, zimasandulika michere, kenako shuga amatha. Poletsa kutentha kwa kutentha kosayenera, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isasungidwe nthawi zonse, ndikuchulukitsa kuthirira, komwe kumachepetsa kutentha kwa nthaka, ndikugwiritsira ntchito kupopera mbewu zam'mera zamizere.

Kukula beets.

Kodi kusintha kukoma kwa beet muzu?

Kupanga kachulukidwe kokuyimirira

Beet mbande imapanga mphukira zooneka ngati chitsamba ndipo ngati njira zake sizinatengedwe, ndiye kuti mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri ndizazipanga. Chifukwa chake, kachulukidwe kamene mbewu imathandizira kwambiri pakupanga kwa mizu yomwe idakwanira kutalika ndi mawonekedwe.

Kudula mbande ndi mbande zazing'ono za beets kumachitika kawiri:

• Gawo la masamba 2 owona. Mtunda pakati pa mbande ndi masentimita 3-4. 2-3 beets asiyidwa mu gulu;
• Gawo 4-5 la masamba owona. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu zazing'ono umakula mpaka masentimita 7,8. Chomera chokhacho chomera chokha chimatsala.

Pakachepetsa beets, makamaka yoyamba, mbande zimatsika pansi, koma osatambalala. Mukakoka, mutha kukoka mbewu zapafupi.

Mbeu za Beetroot zakuchepera kwachiwiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande zosinthira mbewu zina pamabedi ofunda.

Mukachedwa ndi kuwonda, zokolola zonse zimayamba kuchepa.

Nthawi zina, ukamera kapena kutulutsa koyamba, mbewa zambiri zimayamba. Mwinanso, mizu ya achinyamata mbande idakhudzidwa ndi wakudya muzu. Ndikofunikira kuchitira dothi mwachangu ndi phytosporin-M kapena planriz malinga ndi malangizo.

Beet pamwamba kuvala

Kupereka kwakanthawi komanso chikhalidwe choyenera ndi michere kumathandiza kwambiri kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga, mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina zomwe munthu amafunikira.

Mavalidwe apamwamba sangakhale othandiza ngati sanaphatikizidwe ndi kuthirira, hilling, kupalira. Mavalidwe onse apamwamba ayenera kumalizidwa kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Beets amafunika kudyetsedwa kwambiri mkati mwa Julayi (10-20th). Munthawi imeneyi, beets amagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa michere popanga mtundu wa mizu.

Beet pamwamba validwe:

• Kudyetsa koyamba kwa beets kumachitika mu gawo la masamba enieni a 2 (mutatha kupatulira koyamba) ndi feteleza wa potashi pamlingo wa 15-20 g pa 10 l yamadzi. M'malo mwa feteleza wa potashi, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni kudyetsa. Ikani kapu imodzi 1 ya phulusa mumtsuko wamadzi kwa maola atatu, zosefera ndi madzi.Lowetsani yankho la michere m'miyala yomwe ili pa mtunda wa 10 cm kuchokera pamizere ya beets. Nutrient solution sayenera kukhala pamtunda.
• Mu gawo loyambilira la kakulidwe, mbewu zizipanga zipatso zathanzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala. Chifukwa chake, pakukula ndi kukula kwa masamba a beet, kuvala kotsatiraku kumachitika pambuyo pa kupatulira kwachiwiri ndi urea kapena kemira yachilengedwe pofika 30 g / sq. m ikamatera. Gawo lino, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito feteleza "yankho", "Kukula-2", kuphatikiza pazowonjezera za nayitrogeni.
• Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimapangidwa mgawo la kutsekedwa kwa chomera mzere. Thandizani 20 ndi 25 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate ndi kapu ya phulusa pa lalikulu mita. m

Pakukula kwa gawo la muzu mbewu, kuti mukulitse shuga wa ma beets ndi mapangidwe apamwamba zamkati, ndikofunikira kuwaza mbewuzo ndi boric acid pamlingo wa 2 g wa mankhwalawa pa 10 l yamadzi.

Kuti tiwonjezere shuga muzu wa muzu, mu gawo la 8-9 masamba enieni, mumathira dothi pansi pazu muzu ndi mchere wa tebulo. Panthawi imeneyi, chikhalidwe chimafunikira mchere wambiri mu nthaka. Sungunulani supuni ya mchere wa tebulo mu 10 l lamadzi ndikuthira beets pamwamba pamiyala. Chidebe chimodzi cha yankho ndikokwanira kuthirira kwa 10 metres.

Mutha kuphunzirapo za kusowa kwa sodium ndi kufalikira kwa masamba (kuti tisasokonezedwe ndi mawonekedwe). Pakawonekeranso, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti ma beets azithira madzi okwanira kuchokera pachitsime cham'madzi. Njirayi imakulitsa shuga ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa muzu. Musachulukitse kuchuluka kwa mchere. Kukula kwa mbeu kuchokera mopambanitsa kumalepheretsa. Mutha kuwaza mbewu ndi madzi amchere mpaka katatu nthawi yotentha.

Beets imayankha kwambiri boron, mkuwa ndi molybdenum. Pakati pazovala zikuluzikulu, mbewuzo zimapopedwa ndi yankho la zinthu zina.

Wogulira achinyamata mphukira za beets.

Yoyenera beet kuthirira

Muyenera kuthirira beets ndi madzi ofunda, chifukwa kuzizira kumatha kubweretsa mawonekedwe a fungal matenda a mizu.

Kutentha, beets iyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse m'mawa kapena maola amadzulo ndi mitengo yabwino. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mulching, kuthirira kumatha kuchitika pafupipafupi, kuwunika momwe nthaka ili chinyezi pansi pa mulch.

Osaloleza kuti dothi louma lithe, kenako ndikuthirira ndi madzi ambiri.

Yang'anani! Beet kuwawa kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthirira kosasiyananso, kuyanika panthaka, ndikupanga dothi kutumphuka mutathirira.

Kuyambira mu Juni, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka katatu mpaka katatu pa sabata. Nthaka pansi pa mizu iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Nyengo yamvula, beets samathiriridwa.

Kuyambira chiyambi cha Ogasiti, madzi othirira adachepetsedwa, ndipo kuyambira pakati, kuthirira kwayimitsidwa. M'mwezi watha, chinyezi chowonjezera chimakhudza mtundu wa mizu, kuchepetsa shuga.

Chisamaliro cha beet

Kuphatikiza pa kuvala pamwamba, kupatulira, kuthirira, beets imayankha kwambiri pamtunda wa chivundikiro cha dothi. Nthaka yotsekedwa ndi kuthirira kuchedwetsa kukula kwa muzu, ndikuufinya kuchokera mu dothi (kupatula mitundu ya Cylinder). Chifukwa chake, munthawi yakukula, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchotse udzu munthawi yake, womwe umamasula dothi, ndikuwonjezera mpweya wofikira kumizu.

Kulimidwa koyamba kwa beets kumachitika patatha masiku 3-4 atatha misa yambewu. Kutseguka kwina kwa nthaka kumachitika mobwerezabwereza pambuyo kuthilira kapena mpweya. Mukathirira ndikusunga chinyezi, dothi limalungika ndi mulch yabwino. Mukapatula mbewu muzu, hilling imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsidwa moyenera kwa njira za agrotechnical zokulira beets kudzathandizira kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso zamkati zolimba.