Masamba a rasiperi ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri komanso zathanzi, choncho wolima munda aliyense amayesa kubzala m'dera lake. Koma kuti tchire likule bwino ndikukhala ndi zokolola zabwino, kukonzanso kwa raspulosi kumafunika. Rasipiberi pokhapokha ngati zikuwoneka ngati chomera chosasinthika, ndipo ngati wosadziwa zambiri sakulakwitsa kukonza mu kasupe, ndiye kuti itha kutaya mbewu kwa zaka zingapo mtsogolo.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani choyamba ndi raspberries?
Mndandanda wamapeto a ntchito mu rasipiberi umaphatikizapo njira izi:
- Kudulira rasipiberi tchire pambuyo pa nthawi yozizira.
- Tchire Garter.
- Mavalidwe apamwamba.
- Ndikukonzekera ndi njira zapadera zowonongera tizirombo.
Kudulira rasipiberi tchire masika ikuchitika mwanjira ziwiri. Nthawi yoyamba ntchito ndi tchire imayamba nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisungunuke ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa kuphatikiza kutentha. M'madera osiyanasiyana, nthawi imeneyi imayamba nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mumsewu wapakati mwina ungakhale kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Koma zigawo zakumpoto, mutha kudikirira kutentha kuphatikizira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Gawo loyamba ndikudula zitsamba zonse zowonongeka zomwe sizilekerera bwino nthawi yozizira. Izi zitha kukhala zowonongeka pamakina, zopezeka ndi matenda kapena zimayambira zomwe zafa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri. Ngati zizindikiro zakufunika kwa ntchito ya rasipiberi ndulu ya midge, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazirombo zazikulu, zimapezeka m'matchire, zimayambira zotere ziyenera kudulidwa.
Popeza kulimba kwa rasipiberi kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola, ndikofunikira kuchita kuduladula, ncholinga chotsitsa zimayambira. Pali njira ziwiri zobzala zitsamba za rasipiberi, tepi ndi chitsamba. Monga akatswiri amalangizira, ndi njira ya tepi yobzala, ndikofunikira kuti ichoke pamiyeso makumi awiri ndi isanu pa mita imodzi. Munjira yamtchire, osachepera eyiti, koma osapitilira khumi ndi awiri.
Kuti zitsamba za rasipiberi zizilandira zinthu zofunikira komanso kuwala kwadzuwa kwathunthu, mtunda woyenera pakati pa mitengo yomwe yatsalira pambuyo pokonza suyenera kupitirira masentimita khumi. Koma ndibwinonso ngati mtunda wa masentimita khumi ndi asanu ukhazikika.
Pakati pa woyamba komanso wachiwiri tchire liyenera kumangidwa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri kuti zisawononge impso zomwe zadzutsidwa. Ndikofunika kuti musapunthike pansi pozungulira tchire mukamamanga. Kuti izi zisachitike, mabatani amayikidwa pakati pa tchire, pomwe amene adzagwirepo tchire adzafunika kusuntha.
Kudulira kwachiwiri kumakonzedwa pamene raspberries amayamba kukula mwachangu. Ntchito yodulira yachiwiri ndi kutsina nsonga kuti mphamvu zonse zazikulu za tchire zipite kunthambi zobala zipatso, osati kukula kwa rasipiberi.
Chovala chakuda rasipiberi
Mosasamala kanthu za dothi la rasipiberi, nthawi ya masika, feteleza ayenera kuyikidwa. Ngati tchire limamera panthaka zoweta, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira kudyetsa kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe ichi Amabala zipatso bwino mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi feteleza onse. Koma amakhalanso ndi zokonda mwa mawonekedwe a potashi, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Monga lamulo, kwa kavalidwe kapamwamba kasupe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi wofunika, yemwe amakulolani kuyambitsa kukula kwa mphukira, ndipo tsamba limakula kukula kwathunthu, kuteteza kupera kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwa nayitrogeni kumachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mbeu yabwino, ndipo ngati mbewuyo ikusowa, mutha kuyiwala za kuchuluka kwa zipatso.
Ngati tchire limasowa phosphorous, ndiye kuti muli ndi feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni, zikumera zimakula, koma zimakhala zofooka komanso zosadalirika.
Kuphatikiza kwa Potashi ndikofunikira kuti mbewu yabwino ikhale. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati feteleza wa potaziyamu adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu - izi zipangitsa kuti zitsamba za rasipiberi zizivuta kulekerera nthawi yozizira.
Muyenera kuyamba kuphatikiza mitengo ya rasipiberi mutangochoka chipale chofewa mumaphukira. Ndipo woyamba kupanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni, yemwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wosachepera magalamu khumi a ammonium nitrate pa mita imodzi ya rasipiberi. M'malo mwa ammonium nitrate, mutha kutenga urea ndikudyetsa mbewuzo chimodzimodzi.
Koma ndikofunikira kuiganizira rasipiberi sachita bwino kukuwonjezereka kwa nthaka, olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kupanga galasi limodzi la phulusa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo ammonium nitrate ofanana ndi potaziyamu. Kusintha kumeneku kudzapangitsa kuti nthaka ibwererenso m'nthaka, koma osadzaza. Asanakhale manyowa, dothi limathiriridwa madzi ochuluka.
Kwa zaka zambiri, alimi ena adapanga njira yawoyawo yodyetsera rasipiberi. Zimaphatikizapo gawo limodzi la nitrate, gawo limodzi la potaziyamu m'magawo awiri a superphosphate. Izi zimasungunuka m'madzi. Kwa magalamu zana limodzi la feteleza muyenera kumwa malita khumi a madzi.
Nthawi yakumasulira dziko lapansi ikadakhala mu raspberries, ndiye nthawi yopanga feteleza wachilengedwe. Monga mulch, onse peat kompositi ndi humus ndizoyenera. Komanso gwiritsani manyowa ndi udzu.
Kumapeto kwa kasupe, mu Meyi pali chizolowezi chodyetsa rasipiberi ndi mullein. Gawoli limawonedwa pamilingo ya ma mulilin mazana asanu a mullein pachidebe chachikulu cha madzi. Kutsirira ndikofunikira kuti kuthira malita asanu a solution pa mita imodzi imodzi ya kubzala.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a raspberries kasupe
Spring ndi nthawi yayikulu yothana ndi tizirombo timene timaletsa tchire rasipiberi kubala zipatso ndikukula bwino. Pali tizirombo tina tapadera tomwe timayambitsa masipulidwe apadera, awa ndi:
- Tizilombo ta rasipiberi.
- Tsinde ntchentche.
- Strawberry-rasipiberi weevil.
- Thawani gallic.
Popanda chithandizo cha masika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo, rasipulosi sangakhale ndi mwayi wochepa wobala zipatso.
Gawo loyamba la kusamalira tizilombo kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene kudulira tchire kumachitika, zomwe zikufotokozedwa mu chaputala choyamba cha nkhaniyi. Kukumba mozungulira tchire la rasiperi kumathandizanso. Pansi, tizirombo timagona mphutsi zawo, zomwe nthawi yozizira imakhalako. Pakulima dothi, zitha kutero mphutsi kuchotsa izo sinthani kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toonongaomwe amayenera kuwaswa ndikuwononga zophukira, inflorescence kapena zipatso. Komanso mphutsi zimatha kuyikika masamba a chaka chatha, ndiye kuti rasipiberi amayenera kutsukidwa bwino.
Nthambi zonse zodulidwa kumene tizirombo tapezapo tiyenera kuzitentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu dzenje la kompositi, mutha kupangitsa kuti tizirombo tiziwerengedwa m'dera lanu.
Kulimbana ndi rasipiberi Beetle
Ndikofunikira kuyamba kuchitira tchire kwa tizirombo ndi mankhwala, komanso ntchito yonse mu rasipiberi, kuyambira koyambirira kwamasika. Kuchokera pa kachilomboka rasipiberi, yemwe amawoneka bwino pamaluwa pomwe akutulutsa maluwa ndikuwononga maluwa, masamba, masamba, muyenera kudziteteza pambuyo pake chisanu chitasungunuka, ndipo tchire limadulidwa ndikumangiriza. Omenyera nkhondo yolimba ndi njirayi ndi yankho la nitrafen, lomwe limaphatikizidwa molingana ndi magalamu mazana awiri pa malita khumi amadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu tchire, komanso nthaka yomwe yazungulira.
Chitha gwiritsani rasipiberi ndi zitsamba zobwera. Kuti mupeze yankho mudzasowa chowawa chowawa ndi maluwa a marigold. Magalamu mazana awiri a mafuta osweka a marigold amathiridwa ndi malita khumi amadzi ndikuwatsimikizira kwa masiku awiri. Chomera chimakonzedwa chimodzimodzi, chimangosungidwa pafupifupi maola awiri. Kenako njira ziwiri zimasefedwera kuchokera kuzotsala zamasamba ndikuphatikizidwa.
Menyani ndi rasipiberi ndulu midge
Ripiberi ndulu midge ndiyowopsa ndi mphutsi zake zomwe zimawononga. Mutha kuwona kuwonongeka kwa tchire ngati mutayang'ana nthambi. Ngati mphutsi zili mkatimo, ndiye kuti nthambi zakunja ndi zina. Atazindikira nthambi zowonongeka ngati izi, amadula mwachisoni ndikuwotcha.
Pofuna kupewa kutuluka kwa tizirombo tatsopano kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikofunikira kukumba masentimita khumi kuchitira ndi Fufanon yankho. Ziwerengero zakukonzekera kwake ndi izi: malita khumi amadzi, khumi ndi zisanu, kapena ngakhale mamililita makumi awiri a anyamata. Nthawi yachiwiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwanso pomwe masamba ake amangidwa. Koma nthawi ino, magawo ake ndi osiyanasiyana, mamilimita khumi pa malita khumi amadzi. Chitsamba chilichonse chimafunika kukonzedwa osachepera mamililita mazana atatu a madzi osokoneza.
Zomwe zimachitika pa rasipiberi ndulu midge imaphatikizidwanso ndi wosewera yemwe amabetcha mamilimita khumi ndi khumi m'malita khumi amadzi. Chezani pachitsamba chilichonse osachepera mamililita 200.
Limbani Few Fight
Izi tizilombo oopsa okha rasipiberi. Kuwononga mphukira zazing'ono, tsinde limawuluka kumapangitsa kuti udzu uzitha, ndikupatsira matenda.
Njira zopewera zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa tizirombo ndi mulching, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchentche zosavuta kuti ziwuluke pamwamba.
Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, musanayambe maluwa, ma tchire amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi amodzi mwa mankhwalawa:
- "Fitoverm."
- "Actellicus."
- "Agravertine."
Zithandizo zothandiza za anthu zomwe zitha kuchepetsa ziweto zamtunduwu kulibe.
Matenda omwe ali oopsa kwa raspberries ndi imvi zowola ndi anthracnose. Kuyambira anthracnose, tchire amathandizidwa kumayambiriro kasupe ndi nitrafen. Yankho limapukusidwa kotero, mu malita khumi a madzi, magalamu mazana awiri a nitrafen. Kuchokera paola zowola zadonsi zimakonkhedwa ndi madzi atatu peresenti ya Bordeaux madzi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo sizingangochepetsa mbewu ya rasipiberi, komanso kuchepetsa ntchito yonse ya wamaluwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kubzala nthaka munthawi yake kudzakulitsa mwayi wa rasipiberi kuti akwaniritse zokolola zambiri.
