Chomera cha herbaceous monga gypsophila (Gypsophila) chimatchedwanso kachim, tumbleweed, mkate wa gypsum. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi banja la clove. Dzinali limamasuliridwa kuti "laimu wachikondi" chenicheni ndikuti mitundu yambiri yamaluwa mwachilengedwe ngati ichi imakonda kukula pamwala. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 100, mbewu zoterezi zimayimiridwa ndi herbaceous perennials, chakale, komanso zitsamba. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, zitha kukumana ku North-East Africa, Eurasia ndi New Zealand. Wamaluwa amalima zonse ziwiri za gypsophila osatha komanso pachaka.
Zojambula za Gypsophila
Muzu wamphamvu wa mbewu iyi ndi nthambi. Phata lamtunda kapena lachigamba limakhala lopanda masamba, kutalika kwake kumasiyana 20 mpaka 50 cm. Mitundu ya theka-shrub imatha kukula mpaka 100 centimeter komanso zina. Masamba ang'onoang'ono azotuwa ali ndi lanceolate, scapular kapena chowulungika. Ma inflorescences ndi otayirira, amantha. Mulinso maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera oyera kapena oyera, komabe, mumitundu ingapo (mwachitsanzo, Pacific gypsophila kapena zokwawa) ali ndi mtundu wa pinki. Amatha kukhala ophweka kapena terry. Chipatsocho ndi chiphuphu chokhala ndi chisa chimodzi, chomwe chimatha kukhala chopindika kapena chovunda. Mbewu izi zimatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri.
Kulima kwa gypsophila kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa
Gypsophila ikhoza kufalikira yonse komanso mwachilengedwe. Chomera chotere, chomwe ndi chaka chilichonse, chitha kungofesedwa ndi njira ya mbewu, palinso njere zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi njere.
Zolemba zimafesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, pomwe kufesa kumachitika pabedi lamaphunziro. Pofika nyengo yamasika yotsatira, mbewuzo zimakulirakulira, ndipo zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Nthanga zimamera kudzera mbande. Kuti muchite izi, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mbewu zimafesedwa m'mabokosi, pomwe zimagawidwa mwaulere, ndikuyikidwa m'nthaka ndi 5 mm okha. Pamwamba pa chidebe muyenera kuphimba ndi galasi, ndikuyika pamalo otentha ndi kuyatsa kwabwino.
Mbande
Pambuyo pa masiku 7 mpaka 15, mbande zoyambirira zidzaonekera. Ayenera kudulidwa. Chifukwa chake, mtunda pakati pa mbeu uzikhala pafupifupi 15 cm. Zitha kuthandizidwanso mumiphika umodzi wa peat. Kupitilira apo, mbewuzo zikufunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka, chifukwa nthawi ya masana ikuyenera kukhala maola 13 mpaka 14.
Tikufika
Nthawi yoti afike
Maluwa atawonetsa masamba enieni a masamba 1-2, ayenera kubzalidwe m'malo okhazikika. Mukamasankha malo oyenera, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti ma gypsophiles osatha amatha kukula popanda kumuyika kwazaka zambiri mzere. Ndikofunikira kuti duwa loteralo lisankhe bwino malo owuma komanso owuma, pomwe dothi liyenera kukhala ndi laimu, komanso humus pang'ono. Ngati mulibe laimu m'dothi, ndiye kuti liyenera kuwonjezedwa pamenepo. Pa izi muyenera 1 m2 tengani 25 mpaka 50 magalamu a CaCo3, pomwe pH ya dothi iyenera kukhala yokwanira 6.3-6.7. Mukamasankha tsamba, kumbukirani kuti pansi panthaka sipayenera kukhala pafupi ndi nthaka, chifukwa gypsophila imakumana ndi vuto lowononga.
Momwe mungabzalire
Mukabzala pakati pa maluwa, mtunda wa sentimita 70 uyenera kuonedwa, ndipo njirazo zikhale ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 130. Mukabzala mbande, kumbukirani kuti palibe chifukwa choti khosi la mizu liyenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka. Maluwa obzalidwa amafunika kuthirira. Mukabzala zaka zingapo, ndikofunikira kuwonda, chifukwa nthawi ino ndi 1 mita2 chomera chimodzi chokha chomwe chikukula. Tchire lomwe limakumbidwa limafunika kuzizitsa mizu, kenako ndikabzalidwa kwina. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tchire liziwoneka bwino kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa. Maluwa okongola a chomera choterechi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa maluwa.
Kutulutsa koyamba kwa mbewu yotere kumatha kuonekera pambuyo pokhwima pang'ono ndi magulu 12 a masamba. Chitsamba chowoneka bwino kwambiri chimakhala zaka 3 mutabzala pamalo osatha.
Zosamalidwa
Ngakhale mlimi amene alibe luso amatha kusamalira duwa loterolo. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha panthawi yadzuwa ndi yowuma. Pa kuthirira, madzi amayenera kuthiridwa pansi pa muzu. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewu kawiri kapena katatu kwa nyengo yonse, pomwe feteleza wa mchere ayenera kusinthidwa ndi zina zowoneka bwino. Monga feteleza wachilengedwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, pomwe manyowa atsopano sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse.
Kubalana kwa Gypsophila
Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, duwa limatha kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya terry imangofalitsa ndi zodulidwa zokha. Zidulidwa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zidulidwe kuchokera ku zitsamba zazing'ono zomwe maluwa sanayambe kupanga, ndipo nthawi ino agwera pa Meyi kapena masiku omaliza a Epulo. Kudula kudula kungapangidwenso mu Ogasiti, ndikusankha mphukira zazing'ono za izi. Kuti muzu wazidula, mumawokedwa mu gawo loipa, lomwe liyenera kuphatikiza choko. Tsinde liyenera kuzama masentimita angapo, ndipo kuti lizike mizu, kutentha kwa madigiri 20 kuyenera kusungidwa. Zodulidwa za Gypsophila zimafunikiranso masana maola 12, ndipo chinyezi chambiri (pafupifupi 100%) chimafunikanso, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kuyika mbewuyo pang'onopang'ono. Kudzala odulira m'munda, muyenera kusankha nthawi kuti akhale ndi nthawi yodwala ndikuzika mizu isanayambe kuzizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngati mbewuyo idasamaliridwa mosayenera, ndiye kuti imatha kudwala ndi dzimbiri kapena zowola imvi, ndipo ma cyst kupanga kapena ndulu zam'mimba zimayambiranso. Pofuna kuwononga nematode, phosphamide iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, amafunikira kutsitsi nthawi zingapo, pomwe zopuma pakati pa chithandizo ziyenera kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka asanu. Komabe, ngati nematode sadzafa, ndiye kuti muyenera kukumba chitsamba ndikusamba mizu yake m'madzi, kutentha kwake kuyenera kuchokera ku madigiri 50 mpaka 55. Chowonadi ndichakuti nematode amwalira kale pamoto wa 40 madigiri. Kuti tichotse imvi zowola ndi dzimbiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito wolumikizana ndi fungicidal (oxychrome, Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa sulfate).
Zosatha maluwa obzala atatha maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
M'dzinja, tchire likauma, pamalo pomwe panali maluwa, mabowo ang'onoang'ono pomwe mbewu zing'onozing'ono zilipo, ndizofanana ndi mchenga wotuwa. Mabokosi amafunika kudulidwa. Mchipindamo amawaza mbewu papepala. Amafunika kuti aume ndi kuwiritsa m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Mbewu zouma zimafunikira kuthiridwa m'matumba kapena m'makatoni, momwe amasungira.
Zisanu
Pamapeto a nthawi yophukira, osatha ayenera kudulidwa ndi gypsophila, pomwe mphukira zamphamvu zitatu kapena 4 zokha ziyenera kutsalira. Kenako tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma kapena wokutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce, izi zimawapulumutsa nthawi yozizira kapena yozizira kwambiri.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya gypsophila yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Gypsophila paniculata (Gypsophila paniculata)
Chomera chamuyaya ichi chimatha kutalika mamita 1.2. chitsamba chakanthawi kochepa chimakhala chowonekera. Pa mphukira zolimba bwino pali timbale tating'ono tofiirira, tating'ono, timabowo tambiri. Maluwa ndi ang'ono (m'mimba mwake pafupifupi masentimita 0,6), ali gawo la mantha a inflorescence. Kutengera mitundu, maluwa amatha kukhala oyera kapena osavuta, oyera kapena apinki. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Bristol Fairy. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,6-0.75 m, ndipo pazikhala maluwa oyera awiri.
- Nyenyezi ya Pinki. Maluwa a terry, mtundu wakuda wa pinki.
- Flamingo. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa 0,6-0.75 m. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi mtundu wa pinki.
Gypsophila wachisomo (Gypsophila elegans)
Chomera chimakhala pachaka, chitsamba chimakhala chozungulira, chimafikira kutalika kwa 0.4-0,5 m. Mphukira zake ndizophuka, masamba ang'onoang'ono lanceolate ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kupaka utoto wa pinki, oyera kapena a carmine. Ali m'gulu la mapangidwe otseguka a corymbose panicles. Maluwa ake ndi abwino, komabe, sakhalitsa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Rose. Maluwa ndi pinki.
- Carmine. Maluwa ndi ofiira.
- Nyenyezi Iwiri. Mtunduwu umakhala wodabwitsa, chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Maluwa ndi ofiira pinki.
Gypsophila zokwawa (Gypsophila muralis)
Ichi ndi nthambi yamtundu wapachaka. Tchire limatha kutalika mamita 0.3. Mbale zamasamba zobiriwira zobiriwira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mankhalawo amaphatikizapo maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera kapena oyera a pinki. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Fratensis. Maluwa ndi pinki.
- Monstrose. Maluwa ndi oyera.
Gypsophila pacific (Gypsophila pacifica)
Izi ndizosatha. Kubalalitsa chitsamba kumafikira masentimita 100. Mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri. Ma pepala apakulu a Lanceolate amapaka utoto wamtambo. Maluwa opepuka a pinki ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 0.7 cm.
Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mapesi a gypsophila, areca, ofatsa komanso a Patren's gypsophila.
