Medinilla (Medinilla) padziko lapansi amapezeka madera ochepa: pazisumbu za malawi, ku mapiri otentha a Africa, ku Madagascar. Mwanjira yake, ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 400 ya zitsamba.
Medinilla amatanthauza mtundu wamtchire wobiriwira, womwe umatalika pafupifupi mamita awiri. Nthambi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda kanthu, komanso zimakhala zazifupi, zowongoka, ndizokhota. Masamba ali athunthu, wokhala ndi mitsempha ya 8-9, wothinitsidwa, wowomba pakamwa kapena mbali ina.
Medinilla amadzipatsa chidwi chokha ndi maluwa okongola. Amasonkhanitsidwa munkhalangozi, atapachikidwa pamtengo, pinki, yoyera kapena ya pinki. Madinilla pakati pa olima maluwa amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwapadera kwa masamba ndi maluwa.
Ndikosavuta kusamalira medinilla kunyumba, kotero nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka ikukula m'minda yazomera, malo obisalamo kapena malo obisalamo. Chomera chimakonda kukhala muulamuliro wosintha bwino kwambiri kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Mbiri yakomwe dzina la chomera ndiyosangalatsa. A Medinilla adadziwika nalo dzina la kazembe wa imodzi mwa madera ambiri aku Spain, H. de Medinilla ndi Pineda. Ku Europe, mtengo wamaluwa udayamba kuwoneka ku England m'munda wa Mr. Veich mu 1850.
Chisamaliro cha Medinilla Kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Kukula kwa medinilla kumafunikira kuunikira kowala, koma masamba ayenera kubisika kwa dzuwa lotentha mwachindunji. Ngati palibe chokwanira chomera, sichingakhale pachimake, kapena kutaya maluwa ndi masamba omwe alipo. Ngati chipindacho mulibe kuyatsa koyenera, ndiye kuti zingakhale zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma phytolamp apadera kapena nyali za fluorescent.
Malo abwino pazomera ndi mazenera akumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Chipinda chakumwera chilinso ndi choyenera, koma ndikofunikira kuti chizimba kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Kutentha
Kutentha kuchipinda ndi chomera kuyenera kusamalidwa pafupipafupi. Izi ndichifukwa cha malo omwe zidachokera (nkhalango zamvula). Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 20-25 madigiri.
M'miyezi yozizira kuyambira pa Disembala mpaka Januware, medinilla adzapuma, ndiye kuti mutha kutsitsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 16. Chomera sichilola kutentha mopitirira muyeso ndikusokosera. Sizingathe kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi.
Kuthirira
Medinilla amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi pa kukula ndi maluwa. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta kwathunthu. Mukangoyala pang'ono pamtengowo, mutha kuthirira mbewuyo. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbewuyo ikapuma, kuthirira kumachepa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi nthawi youma mpaka masentimita 2-3 kuchokera pamwamba. Mu Januwale ndi Febere, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika ndi madzi oyera, osakhazikika pa kutentha kwa m'chipinda kapena okwera pang'ono.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Medinilla imachokera munkhalango zotentha komanso zotentha, kotero kuti chinyezi cha mpweya wozungulira siziyenera kugwera pansi 75%. Kuti muchite izi, kangapo patsiku, masamba a chomera amawaza ndi madzi ofunda, osakhazikika, kupewa kukhudzana ndi maluwa.
Kukhala kofunika kuyika mphikawo ndi chomera mu thiraki ndi mchenga wonyowa kapena dothi lotukulidwa. Kuti mumve zowonjezera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chamadzi, choyikidwa pafupi ndi chomera kapena chinyezi chapadera. Kuchokera pamweya wouma, masamba a medinilla amakhala ochepa, amasiya kukongoletsa, ndipo mmerowo pawokha umakhala wosakhazikika chifukwa cha tizirombo ndi matenda.
Dothi
Pansi pa chilengedwe, medinilla ndi mbewu ya epiphytic ndipo imapezeka pamitengo ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yazitsamba zina ndi mitengo. Zosakaniza zobzala chomera mumphika sizifunikira zochuluka. Komabe, iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yachonde, acidic pang'ono.
Mulingo woyenera wa nthaka ya medinilla umakhala ndi pepala, tcheti, mchenga, peat ndi humus mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 1: 1: 1. M'masitolo apadera a maluwa, zosakaniza zopanga za epiphytes zimagulitsidwa, mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Chofunikira ndikuyika kapangidwe ka dambo labwino pansi pamphika. Izi sizimalola chinyezi kusunthika, ndipo mizu sikhala ndi vuto chifukwa chowola.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Medinilla amafunika kudya pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wokongoletsa maluwa. Muyenera kuyika kuvala nthawi 1 m'masiku 10. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, koma osapitilira katatu. Ndi isanayambike m'dzinja mpaka masika, nthawi yopuma, medinilla safunika kudyetsedwa.
Thirani
Mtundu wa masamba womwe umakula mwachangu umadulidwa chaka chilichonse, koma munthu wamkulu wachomera amafunika kumuika kamodzi kokha pakatha zaka 2-3. Mukaziika, medinilla imapangidwa ndipo korona amapangidwa.
Kudulira komanso ukhondo
Dera lalikulu limasanjanitsa fumbi lokha, kotero njira yofunika ndikuwaseseratu ndi nsalu yofunda. Chomera chimakonda kusamba kosenda masamba, koma ndikofunikira kupewa chinyezi pamaluwa ndi pansi. Medinilla ikatha, imadulidwa.
Kubalana kwa Medinilla
Njira zothandiza kwambiri zoberekera medinilla ndikukula ndi nthangala kapena kudula.
Mbewu zodzala zitha kugulidwa kapena kugulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chanyumba. Mbewu zobzalidwa mumiphika yopanda phala mu February ndi March. Gawo lokonzekera kubzala liyenera kukhala ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi nthaka ya sod. Miphika iyenera kukhala yotentha, mutha kupanga magulu obiriwira pang'ono. Zikumera zomwe zawoneka m'madzi ndipo kenako zimasinthidwa mumiphika ngati mbewu zachikulire.
Pofalitsa medinilla ndi zodula, nthawi kuyambira Januware mpaka Meyi ndiyabwino. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudula ndi impso zitatu. Amabzala mu gawo lapansi, yokutidwa ndi mtsuko kapena filimu pamwamba, ndipo amawasungitsa kutentha kwambiri pafupifupi madigiri 25-30. Mizu ya zodulidwazo imawonekera pakatha milungu 5. Kuphatikiza apo, njirazi zimayikidwa ngati chomera chokula kukhala gawo lokonzekedwa kale.
Kukula zovuta
Zolakwika zakunja zomwe zimawonekera pamasamba kapena maluwa a chomera zimatha kuwonetsa chisamaliro chosayenera.
- Kupotoza kapena kuwonekera masamba kumawonetsa chinyezi chochepa.
- Kutsika kwa masamba ndi vuto pakusintha pafupipafupi malo omwe mbewuyo imadzala.
- Ngati medinilla sanasangalale ndi maluwa ake kwakanthawi, izi zitha kutanthauza kuyatsa kosakwanira, chinyezi chochepa kapena kutentha pang'ono.
- Ngati mawanga a bulauni amawoneka pamasamba ndi zimayambira, ndiye kuti pano titha kulankhula molimba mtima zakugonjetsedwa kwa mbewuyo ndi matenda a fungal Botritis. Mutha kuthana nawo mothandizidwa ndi fungicides, kuchotsa mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbewu.
Mitundu yotchuka ya medinilla
Pali mitundu 400 ya mitundu ya medinilla m'chilengedwe, koma zotsatirazi ndizodziwika kwambiri.
Mitsempha ya Medinilla - ochokera ku Malaysia. Chitsamba choterechi chimakhala ndi moyo wa theka-epiphytic, mphukira ndizazungulire, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lofanana ndi ubweya. Masamba ndi owumbika, amodzimodzi. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 5-9 masentimita, ndipo kutalika kumayambira 9 mpaka 20. Pali mitsempha 7 pamasamba, m'mphepete amaloza. Amamasuka medinilla mtsempha wokhala ndi maluwa ochepa omwe amatengedwa mu beige inflorescence.
Medinilla ndi wokongola (wokongola) - amapezeka kokha m'nkhalango zotentha za Philippines Islands kapena Java. Sipezeka pamtunda wopitilira 0.5 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Medinilla ndi wokongola - ndi shrub pafupifupi 1.5 m wamtali wokhala ndi nthambi zowonda zaubweya. Masamba akulu, ovate oblong. Kukula kumatha kutalika pafupifupi 15 cm, kutalika - pafupifupi 35. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wakuda, wowoneka bwino. Maluwa okongola a medinilla ndi bulashi yokhala ndi maluwa angapo, ofikira 30 cm. Maburashi ndi ofiira. Medinilla wokongola amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apamwamba okongoletsa. Masamba onse ndi inflorescence amaonedwa kuti ndi okongola. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazitundu zochepa zomwe zimatha kulimidwa mumphika kunyumba kapena malo obiriwira.
Madinilla Cumming - imamera m'malo otentha kwambiri a zilumba za Philippines. Chitsamba chimakhala ndi moyo wa epiphytic, chimakhala ndi masamba owerengeka, akulu, mpaka 20 cm mulifupi ndi 30 cm kutalika. Zovala pamasamba 7. Maluwa ndi akulu, pafupifupi masentimita 5, omwe amatisonkhanitsa burashi, chilili, chapinki. Nthawi yamaluwa ya Cuming Medinilla ndiyambira pa Marichi mpaka Meyi.
