Mitundu yambiri ya yucca m'chilengedwe imakhala m'gawo lalikulu kuyambira ku Guatemala ndi Mexico mpaka m'chigawo cha Alberta ku Canada. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba olimba zimatha kuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa ntchire yolimba kwambiri komanso yosinthika. Sawopa kutentha kwambiri, kusowa kwa madzi komanso chakudya m'nthaka. Nthawi yomweyo, yuccas kapena kanjedza zabodza kalekale zimakopa chidwi cha okonda mbewu yokongoletsera.
Gawo lalikulu la mitundu 49 ndi ma subspecies 24 amakongoletsa mabwalo am'mizinda ndi mapaki, ndi ziwembu pafupi ndi nyumba. Zina, koma zosapanga bwino kwambiri ndizomera zazomera mkati.
Zosiyanasiyana za yucca ndi mawonekedwe awo komanso mawonekedwe apadera
Omwe ali ndi maluwa komanso olima maluwa pachikhalidwechi adakopeka ndi zinthu zamtengo zofunikira monga:
- zodabwitsa zopanda pake, pazochitika zonse ziwiri za kubzala ndi chisamaliro chotsatira;
- kukhalabe owoneka kwa chaka chonse;
- mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- maluwa akutupa;
- kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanitsidwa ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba achikasu, oyera ndi ofiirira.
Kupindulitsa kwa mtengowo kalekale asanakhalepo wamaluwa ndi opanga mapangidwe azithunzi adazindikira amwenye aku America. Mizu ya Yucca elata kapena mtengo wa sopo ndimapuloni, ndipo decoction yawo imakhala ngati shampoo. Masamba owuma a yucca omwe amapezeka pamitengo anali kugwiritsa ntchito moto ndikuphimba padenga.
M'madera akumidzi a Appalachians, yucca filamentoza yojambulidwa "adadyera nyama." Mitembo kapena zidutswa za masewerawa zidakhomedwa pamiyala yakuthwa, yolimba yomwe imamangidwa ndikulendewera kunyamula, kusuta kapena kuchiritsa.
Mpaka pano, ku Mexico ndi madera ena kumene yucca imamera, mafoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Pambuyo poyambapo kuchotsa pestle ndi maziko owawa a corolla, maluwawo amapukutidwa kwa pafupifupi mphindi 5, kenaka amawupatsa phwetekere, tsabola wa tsabola ndi anyezi.
Gawo la kukula ndi kusinthasintha kwa yucca
Kusintha kosakanikirana ndi kutha kudziunjikira chinyezi ndikudziteteza kuzowononga zachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti Yuccas ikulire pomwe mbewu zina nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi moyo.
Oimira mtunduwo amatha kupezeka ku Caribbean ndi ku Guatemala, komwe mitundu ya komweko Yucca guatemalensis idakhazikika. Kudera lamapiri owuma, madera a Gulf of Mexico ndi madera akum'mwera kwa Atlantic South agwera pamtunda, pomwe pamakhala malo osawoneka bwino osavuta kuwona Yucca filamentosa yokhala ndi masamba okhala ndi ulusi wokhala ndi ulusi pa rosette yomwe idapereka dzina.
Ambiri mwa malo omwe muli mbewuzo ndi madera akumwera, otentha, madera otentha. Koma mitundu ingapo imatha kubzalidwa panja nyengo yotentha. Awa ndi yucca filamentosa, flaccid, gloriosa ndi recurvifolia. Mtundu wakumpoto kwambiri ukuyimiriridwa mu chithunzi, mitundu yambiri ya yucca yomwe ili ndi dzina la Sizaya. Sikuti amangopewa chilala, komanso amakhala ku Canada, kutali ndi nyengo yotentha.
Oimira onse amtunduwo adatha kusintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana:
- mizu yokhazikika yomwe imasonkhanitsa chinyezi;
- cholimba phula kumata pamasamba, kupewa kutuluka kwamadzi ndi kusefukira;
- masamba osafa osaphimba omwe amaphimba thunthu ngati siketi ndikuyiteteza ku dzuwa;
- nkhuni lalitali, kuthana ndi moto mwachangu komanso kulola kuti Yuccas ichitiretu nthawi yoopsa monga moto.
M'madera otentha, izi zimathandiza kuti ma azuccas alekerere kuzizira, kuzizira kwakanthawi kapenanso matalala, monga yucca shotta kapena lalikulu-zipatso.
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yucca
Miphika, monga chomera, nyumba zazifupi kwambiri, zosaphika zamtundu wa yucca zimamera. Zofanizira zoterezi zimakhala ndi chidutswa chofupikitsa kapena pafupifupi chosawoneka, ndipo masamba nthawi zambiri amakula kuposa 40-60 cm.Chilengedwe, oimira amtunduwu amatha kukhala zimphona zenizeni. Nthawi yomweyo, zonse zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu ndizofanana - izi ndi:
- thunthu lolimba lakhuthala, losavuta kapena nthambi;
- kuvala chisoti chachifumu kumayambira masamba owoneka bwino;
- chovala modabwitsa chomwe chimawoneka panthawi yamaluwa, chimakwirira maluwa ndi mabulosi mazana ambiri oyera, zonona, achikasu kapena oyera.
Masamba owuma akutsikira kutsinde, tsamba lophika lamaso kumtunda, kukana kutentha ndi chilala, yuccas amatchedwa ma kanjedza abodza. Ndipo maluwa odabwitsa anapatsa mbewuyo dzina linanso - kakombo wam'chipululu. Mitundu ina ili ndi maina awo azitchulidwe, kutengera mawonekedwe a mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa Joshua, singano ya Adamu, mbawala waku Spain.
Ngakhale kuti anali ndi chidwi komanso kusinthasintha kodabwitsa ku Russia, mitundu yonse ya yucca imatha kukhala wamkulu. Nthawi zambiri, filimu ya yucca imagwera pagulu la mafani azomera zachilendo.
Imalekerera zovuta za nyengo yotentha, ndipo pambali pake, ntchito yosankha yomwe imaloledwa kupezeka mitundu yokhala ndi masamba otuwa, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a motley. Palinso ma yuccas ena okhala mumaluwa aku Russia, mwachitsanzo, imvi komanso yabwino.
Pawindo mkati mwa nyumba, njovu ndi aloe-elite yucca omwe ali pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri zimakhala. Amasankhidwa chifukwa chokongoletsa komanso kukula pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimalepheretsa mbewu kutembenukira ku mitengo yeniyeni mchaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Kufotokozera zamitundu ndi zithunzi za mbewu zikuthandizira kumvetsetsa kwawo, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a "American" odabwitsa.
Aloe-yucca (Y. aloifolia)
Dziko lakwawo la mtundu wina wotchuka kwambiri, wotchedwa aloe-yucca, ndi dera louma ku United States ndi Mexico. Masiku ano, chomerachi chimapezeka ku Bermuda, komanso ku Jamaica. Nthawi yomweyo, yucca imatha kupezeka osati pamakona ake, lotseguka dzuwa komanso losiyana dothi lolemera, komanso m'malo opaka.
Zomera zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati chitsamba. Tsinde silimakula. Malingaliro achikulirewo, omwe amafikira kutalika kwa 6-8 m, amatenga mawonekedwe ngati mtengo wofowoka wopsinjika wokhala ndi masamba owuma, ofanana ndi amadyera ena osalolera chilala osatha - aloe. M'mphepete mwa mapale ataliitali lanceolate pepala yokutidwa ndi mano. Chipilicho chovekedwa korona wokongola kwambiri yemwe amadziwika koyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti yucca ikhale prickly ndipo imafunikira kuisamalira mosamala.
Zomera zomwe zimazimirika pakapita nthawi sizigwa, koma zimagwa ndikusala kuphimba tsinde. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimathandiza chomera kuti chisungire chinyezi komanso kuziteteza ku kutentha kwambiri m'chipululu.
Oimira mitundu Yucca aloifolia pachimake kwambiri. M'chilimwe, mkulu wa mitengo yolumikizira imawonetsedwa pamtunda wa masamba, akumatha inflorescence mpaka theka la mita. Choyera kuchokera mkatikati ndi kirimu wofiirira kuchokera kumaluwa akunja ndi kutalika kwa 3 cm ndipo amafanana ndi belu kapena kakombo. Pambuyo povunditsidwa ndi tizilombo m'malo mwa maluwa, zipatso-zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri zofiirira kapena pafupifupi zakuda zimayamba kukula.
Ochita maluwa amakonda kwambiri aloe-elite yucca chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa nyumba yosungiramo nyumba kapena kama wamaluwa wamaluwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yucca Y. aloifolia purpurea imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ofiirira kapena amtundu wa violet. Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri uli pamapale a masamba. Pansi pa kutulutsa, masamba amabiriwira.
Masamba a Y. aloifolia anosgata, matani obiriwira obiriwira amakhala pafupi ndi chikaso kapena pafupi kuyera. Mtundu wosiyanitsa wina umadutsa m'mphepete mwa pepalalo.
Glac Yucca (Y. gloriosa)
Pa gombe lakumwera chakum'mawa kwa USA, kudera la mapiri akunyanja kuli yucca, wotchuka wokhala ndi mayina angapo nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa cha maluwa okongola kwambiri, yucca yolemekezeka imatchedwa kandulo ya Roma. Kwa masamba ochepa owongoka, owongoka, mbewuyi idafananizidwa kalekale ndi chiwombankhanga cha ku Spain kapena bayonet.
Mitengo yodzala zokongoletsera zamtunduwu imayamikiranso nyamayo chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kusachita bwino komanso kusokonekera. Zofanizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito yolima malo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati chitsamba chozungulira kapena mtengo wokhala ndi umodzi kapena zingapo. Zomera sizikuopa kusowa kwa madzi komanso chisanu mpaka -20 ° C.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa Yucca gloriosa ndi mamita asanu. Nsonga za tsinde zimakongoletsedwa ndi ma rosette obiriwira amdima, masamba opapatiza okhala ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 50. Masamba akuthwa amatha kukhala owopsa komanso kuvulaza ngati agwidwa bwino. Madzi amtunduwu amakwiyitsa khungu lakumaso ndi mucous.
Woleredwa ndi obereketsa, mtundu wa Yucca wolemekezeka unapeza mphotho yabwino ya Garden Merit Award, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Britain Royal Horticultural Society.
Yucca Sisaya (Y. glauca)
Bear udzu, Spanish bayonet kapena Yucca wa Great Plain. Zomwe zikuwoneka pachithunzichi, yucca imayimbidwa ndi nzika zingapo nthawi imodzi, kuchokera ku Canada ku Alberta kupita ku Texas ndi New Mexico.
Chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chokhala ndi masamba olimba, amtundu wabuluu kapena wamtambo wobiriwira chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 50 cm mpaka 2. Zingwe zopindika zimawoneka m'mphepete mwa masamba ake, ngati masamba otambalala mpaka 60 cm. pafupifupi 5 cm.
Muzu wokhazikitsidwa ndi yucca umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amwenye am'mudzimo kutsuka ndikusamba, masamba olimba a fibrous ndi zida zabwino zamitanda yopukutira, zingwe ndi mabasiketi. Ndipo mabokosi ambewu zobiriwira amatha kudya.
Elephant Yucca (Y. elephantipes)
Sikuti mitundu yonse ya yucca ndi mbadwa za North America. Kuchoka ku Mexico kupita ku Nicaragua komanso ku Ecuador, munthu amatha kuwona njovu kapena chimphona cha yucca chomwe chili pachithunzichi.
Zopezeka mzaka za m'ma 1800, mitunduyi idasiyana mosiyanasiyana pazomera zomwe zafotokozedazi. Izi ndi:
- yokhala pansi pamiyendo, yokhala ngati mwendo wa njovu;
- lamba lopanda lamba, osati prickly kuchoka mpaka 120 cm.
Zomera zachilengedwe zomwe zimatalika mamita 6-9, zimakula ndikukhala mitengo yamphamvu. M'malo mchipinda, chifukwa cha kukula pang'onopang'ono, alimi a maluwa amatha kusungitsa yucca mulingo wocheperako, ngakhale mbewu za Yucca elephantipes sizimachita maluwa.
Zochita zowonjezera mantha zimawonekera pongotengera zachikulire. Kutseguka nthawi yotentha, maluwa oyera atatha kupukutira amasintha kukhala zipatso zopanda pake ndi kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 3 m.
Kwa okonda mitundu yachilendo, mitundu ingapo ya njuchi za ndodo zinalengedwa, ndipo pakati pawo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya Silver Star. Masamba awo amakhala ndi malire achikasu kapena oyera.
Yucca Tall (Y. elata)
Mitundu yam'mbuyomu si yucca yayikulu yokha yomwe ndiyofunika kukhala mtundu wa ojambulira. Yucca ndi wowongoka kapena wamtali yemwe amakula mpaka 1.5-5 mita kutalika, pomwe inflorescence imakhala yayikulupo kuposa yomwe imapangidwa. Kutalika kwa Peduncle nthawi zina kupitirira mita. Maluwa omwe amapanga mantha a inflorescence ndi oyera, apinki kapena zonona.
Yucca (Y. brevifolia) wokhala ndi akazi
M'maboma a Nevada, California, Utah ndi Arizona, yucca yokhala ndi yocheperako imakula, yomwe yakhala chizindikiro chodabwitsa m'maderali. Anthu zikwizikwi okonda zachilengedwe amabwera ku Joshua Tree National Park kudzasilira:
- mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo wapatali;
- masamba obiriwira;
- panicle inflorescence owoneka masika ndi maluwa obiriwira kapena oyera.
Yucca yonga mtengo imamera masentimita ochepa chabe mchaka, pomwe mitengo yowoneka bwino kwambiri imakhala kutalika kwamamita 15 ndi thunthu la mita pafupifupi theka la mita.
Yucca Trekuleana (Y. treculeana)
Mtengo waukulu wa yucca Trekul, womwe ndi wamtali mamita 10, ndi mbadwa za Texas ndi New Mexico. Monga mitundu ina, mbewu pang'onopang'ono imawonjezera kukula. Ndipo kukhala wokhwima, amatenga mawonekedwe ophuka ndi maluwa odabwitsa. Maluwa ooneka ngati belu ophatikizidwa ndi mantha a inflorescence amatha kukhala oyera, ofiira kapena ofiirira kuchokera kunja kwa corollas.
Chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira obiriwira pafupi kutalika kwa mita, mtengowo udalandira dzina losadziwika kuti "Dagger Spanish" kapena "nthungo wa Don Quixote".
Yucca filimu (Y. filamentosa)
Dziko lakwawo la mtunduwu ndi Texas, komanso madera ochokera ku Virginia kupita ku Florida. Komabe, masiku ano mbewuyo imatha kuonedwa kutali ndi kumpoto kwa America. Mwachitsanzo, ku Italy, Turkey ndi France. Chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo komanso kukana kuzizira, yucca yomwe ili pachithunzichi idapangidwa mwachilengedwe. Anazika mizu kum'mwera kwa Europe, ku Middle East komanso kumpoto.
Poyerekeza ndi abale ake okhala ngati mtengo, mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono. Chitsamba chobiriwira chokhala ndi chidutswa chofinya, nthawi zina chosapindika komanso masamba obiriwira amtambo wobiriwira chimafikira masentimita 70-80. Makulidwe amenewa, ophatikizidwa ndi muzu wamphamvu womwe umalowera pansi, amathandizira yucca kupulumuka kuzizira kozizira komanso kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka -20 ° C.
Yucca filament kalasi Escalibur
Chizindikiro cha mitundu iyi, chomwe chimapatsa Yucca dzina lake lenileni, ndi ulusi woonda wamphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa masamba. Kwa chomera chaching'ono kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, yucca imapanga duwa lochititsa chidwi mpaka mamita atatu kutalika. Ilivekedwa korona ndi mabulangete oyera kapena oyera pang'ono achikaso.
Yucca Golide Wagolide
Mtunduwu umavomerezedwa ndi gulugufe Tegeticula yuccasella, wopezeka ku North America kokha. M'madera ena, mbewu zofunikira zitha kupezekanso mwa kupukutira mungu.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, yucca yowononga imafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito abale ake. Mukabzala pamalo otseguka, muyenera kuganizira kuti sizivuta kupereka mbewu. Magawo a muzu wakuya kwambiri amatha kubereka achinyamata pazaka zambiri.
Thread Guard Yucca Colonda Guard
Yucca yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulidwa chithunzicho ndi yamtundu wa Colour Guard, omwe masamba ake amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso yotentha m'chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, matani ofiirira, a pinki, ndi a violet amawonekera m'mitundu.
Yellow Yucca Zosiyanasiyana Zozungulira
Zomera zokhala ndi masamba opindika kapena achikuda ndizofunika kwambiri kwa alimi ndi maluwa. Rosette wa masamba owala wa Bright Edge, yemwe adapambana mphoto ya Britain of Garden Merit, amachititsa chikasu cha yucca kukhala chachikaso. Mtundu wachilendo amaonekera kwambiri pamasamba achichepere, akamakula, mikwingwirima yobiriwira imakula.
Yucca filamentosa mitundu Ivory Tower
Yucca wina wachilendo ndi mitundu ya Ivory Tower. Amatchedwa othokoza chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yoyera pamasamba ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera. Zithunzi zajambula yucca zimapereka chithunzithunzi cholemera cha phale ndi mbewu zokongoletsera.
Yucca mulomo wofanana (Y. rostrata)
M'modzi mwa oimira kwambiri mtunduwo ndi yucca rostrata kapena coracoid. Chomera chokhala ndi thunthu lamphamvu mpaka mamita 4.5 kutalika ndi yopapatiza, masamba 1 cm okha. Izi ndi nzika zaku Texas komanso mayiko angapo aku Mexico. Chomera chimakhala chamtengo wapatali chifukwa chokhoza kulekerera kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zimakhudzidwa modekha ndikusowa chinyezi komanso chowonjezera chowonjezera cha dzuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula.
Zakale zazikuluzikulu zimaphukira, ndikupanga chipinda chachitali cha mita chokhala ndi inflorescence chobiriwira chamitundu yambiri yamaluwa oyera oterera.
South Yucca (Y. australis)
Azungu adazindikira chomerachi mkati mwa zaka za XIX. Kuyambira kale, anthu am'derali amagwiritsa ntchito masamba popanga madenga komanso ulusi wolimba. Kuchokera pamenepo, mabasiketi omata, mphasa ndi ziwiya zina.
Monga nzika yakukhala m'chipululu cha Chihuahua ku Mexico, yucca nenosa imatha kutengera nyengo yotentha ndi youma. Masamba osasunthika mpaka theka la mita pafupifupi sangatulutse madzi. Thunthu lamphamvu limabisika kumbuyo kwa siketi ya masamba owuma. Kumayambiriro kasupe, ndikakhala chinyezi m'nthaka, mitengo yamtengo yoyera ya maluwa otuwa oyera imawoneka pamwamba pa masamba.
