Zowonadi, alimi ambiri akudziwa kuti pafupifupi mbewu iliyonse yaulimi iyenera kubzalidwa chaka chilichonse m'malo atsopano (izi ndizofunikira kuti dothi lisathe). Mbatata ndi zosiyana. Zowona, kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kukhala osadabwitsa. Inde, ngati sichovuta kupeza gawo laling'ono la kaloti, ndiye kuti ndizovuta mbatata, chifukwa nthawi zambiri gawo lalikulu la mundawo limagawidwa ntchito yake. Ndiye kuti mukule bwanji mbatata yabwino popanda kuwonongeka pansi? Chisankho choyenera kuchokera pamenepa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito siderates (mbewu zomwe zimalemeretsa nthaka ndi zofunikira kufufuza zinthu).
Kodi siderate amachita chiyani?
M'malo mwake, manyowa obiriwira amatha kusintha m'malo mwa feteleza wamba a mbatata. Munthawi ya kukula, mbewu zobiriwira (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi oats, mpiru, raped, rye, etc.) sizitola, koma, m'malo mwake, perekani micherezo m'nthaka. Motere, manyowa obiriwira amathandiza wamaluwa kuthana ndi ntchito zambiri:
- kuchepetsa mwayi wamatenda osiyanasiyana mmera;
- dzazani nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zofunikira, zomwe pambuyo pake zimaloleza mbewu zamasamba kukula bwino;
- kwambiri kukonza kapangidwe ka dothi (likhale lomasuka);
- kudulira namsongole;
- amakulolani kuti muchotse tizirombo tina tambiri timene timawononga mbewu ya mbatata.
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati siderates?
Monga tanena kale, manyowa obiriwira ndi mbewu yomwe imabzalidwa kuti ipindulitsa nthaka ndi michere yambiri. Zikhalidwe zotsatirazi zimakwaniritsa ntchito iyi:
- Lebo: lupine, nandolo, anapiye, clover, clover ndi ena.
- Wopachika: mpiru, kugwiririra, mpiru, colza, radish yamafuta ndi ena.
- Mbale: rye, tirigu, barele, oats, chimanga ndi zina.
Chikhalidwe chiti chosiya chisankho chimadalira nzika yotentha. Timangowonjezera omwe alimi omwe adziwa bwino za mbatata nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthangala.
Kubzala siderata?
Siderata imafesedwa mchaka, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Njira iliyonse imasiyanirana mzinthu zingapo pazinthu zingapo komanso zina zazing'ono. Tsopano tikambirana za iwo.
Kubzala masika
Kubzala masika manyowa obiriwira, ndichikhalidwe chanu kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe sizigwirizana ndi chisanu. Izi zimaphatikizapo oats, mpiru, fatseliya, ndi zina zotheka. Nthawi yakwana yoti mubzale mbewu, muzuwo imadulidwa ndikusiyidwa kwa milungu iwiri. Pakapita nthawi, mbewuzo zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chosema ndege (kapena zida zina) ndikugawana pansi. Manyowa obiriwira azigwira ntchito ya mulch (tetezani dothi kuti lisaume, muchinyezi chambiri, pewani udzu kufesa).
Kubzala chilimwe
Kubzala manyowa obiriwira m'chilimwe kumachitika pokhapokha nthaka itatha. Pankhaniyi, mu June, mutha kupereka chidwi ku vetch, mu Julayi radish, ndi August mpiru. Popeza takhazikika pamtunduwu, ndizotheka munthawi yochepa kubwezeretsa nthaka m'nthaka.
Kubzala mu kugwa
Poterepa, nthawi yabwino yofesa siderates kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala. Panthawi iyi ya chaka, oats ndi rye yozizira nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa. Zomera zadulidwa ndikusiyidwa pansi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimawola ndikulemeretsa nthaka ndi zinthu zofunika. Pambuyo pake, mutha kupitiriza bwino ntchito kubzala mbatata - palibe feteleza zinafunikira.
Timawonjezera, malinga ndi wamaluwa ambiri, kufesa manyowa obiriwira ndi njira yabwino.
Timakulitsa manyowa obiriwira
Ndikofunikira osati kungodziwa mbewu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati siderates, komanso kutha kuzilima. Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Kubzala siderates. Siderata yofesedwa mizere, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 5-7.
- Kulima. Manyowa obiriwira amakula milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
- Ndikutchetcha Kudula mbewu zobiriwira kumachitika pamene mbewuzo zikufika kutalika pafupifupi 30-30 cm.
- Gawo lomaliza ndikugawa mofananirana kwa udzu wosyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Mukakulitsa manyowa obiriwira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti amafunikanso kusinthidwa, ndiye kuti, ngati oats adabzalidwa chaka chimodzi, ndiye kwina muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe china, mwachitsanzo, mpiru. Kumbukirani kuti siderates sayenera kuloledwa kupita kunja. Ngati maluwa atuluka, amakhala osadziwika.
Mwambiri, manyowa obiriwira ndikofunika kwambiri akamakula mbatata. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamene chikhalidwechi chimakulitsidwa m'malo akuluakulu. Ngati zochita zonsezi pamwambazi zimachitidwa moyenera, zokolola za mbatata kuchokera 1 ha zimakulira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyiwala za tizirombo timene timakhudzira mizu.
