Zomera zazikulu zamkati ndizodziwika kwambiri masiku ano. Chitsamba chimodzi chokongola chimatha kusintha nyenyezi zambirimbiri, ndipo mphamvu za mkati mwa chipindacho sizingadye kwambiri. Kusunga kukongoletsa kwawo kwa chaka chonse, mitengo yamkati ndi zitsamba zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazomera zomwe zili ndi mtundu uliwonse wabwino - kuyambira masamba mpaka makungwa, maluwa ndi zipatso - ndi mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri. Osakhazikika komanso odzicepetsa, koma osati mawonekedwe, amayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri.
Akokanthera ndiwokongola, kapena Longleaf (Acokanthera oblongifolia, wolingana ndi Acokanthera spectabilis).
Akokanter - kuchita bwino kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane
Acocanters ndi oimira banja la Kutrov (Apocynaceae), ngakhale ndizovuta kulingalira mgwirizano ndi periwinkles potengera mawonekedwe a mbewuyo ndi mawonekedwe a kukula. Kupatula apo, acocanters ndi zitsamba zobiriwira zosakhala zazikulupo zokulira, zomwe sizimangokhala ndi masamba abwino, komanso zimaphuka bwino ndikubereka zipatso.
Mwachilengedwe, ma acocanters samapezeka kwambiri ku Africa, chifukwa ndi amodzi mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri am'deralo.
Dzinalo acocanter (Acokanthera) adalandiridwa kuchokera ku Greek "adanenanso". Padziko lonse lapansi, chomera chakupha ichi chimadziwika kuti ndi poizoni wa Bushman kapena chitsamba chakupha, ngakhale kuti zipatso za nthawi yozizira kumayiko olankhula Chingerezi zinayambitsa kutuluka kwa dzina lina - kukoma kwa chisanu.
Akokanter ndiosangalatsa, kapena Longleaf (Acokanthera oblongifolia, kutanthauzira - Acokanthera spectabilis) ndi mtundu wokhawo wa acocanter womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Ndipo muchikhalidwe chamundawo m'maiko omwe muli nyengo yotentha, ndizosavuta kutchula dzina latsamba la zitsamba izi, chifukwa mitundu isanu yonse ya acocanter ndi mbewu zomwe ndizosowa.
Masiku ano m'mabuku ena mungapezeke kuti mulibe tsamba lalitali, koma mnzanga wina - poyizoni (Acokanthera Oppitifolia), yovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi ena (pokhapokha ndi masamba ozungulira kwambiri).
Maluwa acocanters.
Kodi wonamizira amawoneka bwanji?
Acocanter ndi zitsamba zabwino zobiriwira nthawi zonse pomwe zikhalidwe zilizonse za masamba mpaka zipatso zimatha kusilira. Izi ndi mitengo yaying'ono, yokongola yokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola a nthambi zomwe zimawoneka ngati zojambula zazing'ono komanso zimapangidwa bwino.
Kutalika kwa mkati mwa acocanter zimatengera momwe mbewuyo imadulidwira komanso ngati ikulephera kukula. Popanda kudulira, acicier amatha kupitirira 1 m, koma nthawi ya mapangidwe imatha kukhala yaying'ono. Acocanters akukula mwachangu, koma kuthamanga kwa kukula kwawo kumatha kuwongoleredwa. Mphukira ndizowonda kwambiri, zobiriwira, ngakhale pazaka zambiri, zimawoneka zosalimba.
Masamba a acocanterae ndi osavuta, osiyana, ofupikana, akuluakulu, oval ovunda okhala ndi nsonga yolunjika. Atafika kutalika kwa masentimita 12, amadabwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino okhala ndi chikopa chokhala ndi buluu wowoneka bwino komanso cirrus, mosakanikira bwino. Masamba amakonzedwa ndi mphukira mosamalitsa, ndikupanga chokongoletsera chabwino komanso mizere. Poyerekeza ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, wobiriwira, maluwa ake amawoneka owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Ma masamba akuluakulu a axillary a inflorescence, omwe amawoneka kuti amagona pamapilo a masamba okhwima, akuwoneka ngati ntchito yamoyo. Ngakhale kukula kwa inflorescence, duwa lirilonse limawoneka mwa iwo - ochepa, koma owoneka bwino kwambiri, okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera, oyera ngati chipale, okhala ndi chubu chofiyira. Fungo labwino komanso losasinthika ngati limawonjezera kukongola kwa maluwa.
Kutalika kwa nyengo kwa ma acocanters munthawi yoyenera kumayamba pakati pa chisanu ndipo kumatenga milungu itatu, koma nthawi zambiri mkati mwa nyumba zamaluwa kumatha maluwa miyezi ingapo ndikusangalatsa funde lachiwiri pambuyo popumira. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amatulutsa zipatso poyembekezera nyengo yozizira, yosangalatsa ndi maluwa awo awiri kapena miyezi itatu yopuma masabata angapo.
Monga zitsamba zambiri zaku Africa, acocanter amatha kusangalatsa munthawi ya holide yozizira. Kuyambira Novembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi, zingwe zamatumba ake zimakumbukira zozizwitsa zazing'ono za nthawi yozizira.
Pambuyo maluwa, mmerawo samangotaya zokongoletsera zake, komanso zodabwitsa ndi kukongola kwa chipatsocho. Mwa acocanter pali mitundu iwiri yomwe imafuna kupukutidwa, komanso mitundu yodziipukutira, koma m'malemba athu amatchulidwa kuti ndi abwino.
Kuti mukwaniritse chipinda cha acocanteri, muyenera kusamalira kupukutira nokha. Zazikulu, inky, ndi mawonekedwe okongola, zipatsozo zimakongoletsa nthambi zake m'misango ndikuwoneka ngati mkanda weniweni.
Kunja, zipatso za acocanters ndizofanana kwambiri ndi azitona. Kuopsa kwa mbewu yonseyo sikuonekera pa chipatsocho, ngakhale ndibwino kuti musawadye chifukwa champhamvu yamtima.
Zipatso ndi acocanters.
Mikhalidwe yakukula kwamkati acocanter
Mbiri ya Akokanter sigwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chake. Mwa mbewu zamaluwa zochokera ku Africa, iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kusamalira. Thermophilic acocanter "imangotengera" kuwala kokha ndipo imatha kuphuka popanda kuzizira. Zimamveka bwino pazenera, koma kuyang'ana kumbuyo kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zogona.
Mukamakula acocanters, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuwonongeka kwake. Chomera sichoyenera aliyense, chifukwa kuopsa kukhudzana ndi msuzi womwe umatulutsidwa ndi mizu, mphukira ndi masamba amafunika kusamala kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ziweto ndi ana aang'ono.
Kuyatsa ndi kuyika
Acocanters, monga azimayi ambiri aku South Africa omwe akukula m'nyumba, amafunitsitsa kuyera kwambiri. Chomerachi chimakonda kuwala kosasinthika, kowala, mwanjira wamba, m'malo mwa mawindo opanikizika, pamafunika maola angapo dzuwa.
Kuunikira kokumba sikungovomerezeka, komanso kumakulolani kuti mukule chomera kutali ndi zenera, ndikofunikira kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Zowona, mutha kuchita popanda izi, kudziletsa kuti mupange mbewuzo m'malo abwino. Ngakhale mumthunzi wochepa, acocanters amalephera kutulutsa, koma masamba amasungabe kukongoletsa mwamthunzi wamphamvu, nthawi zina acocanters amakula kuti azikongoletsa kuya kwamkati ndi zofunda zamasamba akuluakulu.
Mukayika ma acocanters, ndikoyenera kusankha ma sill akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Pazenera lakumwera, chomera chimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mkati, kuyang'ana pazizindikiro zake ngati kuyatsa kumakhala koyenera kuti zikule komanso kukula.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Akokanthera amakonda malo okhazikika otentha. Mtengowo umagwirizana bwino ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kochepa. Kukongoletsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku ma acocanters kumatha kuchitika ngati chomera chili chaka chonse m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 20 Celsius - kuchokera ku 18 mpaka wofika madigiri 25.
Chomera chimakonda kubisala komanso kuphuka pang'ono kutentha, koma saloledwa kugwera pansi madigiri 15. Ngati palibe mwayi wochepetsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 15-18, acocanter amatha kupirira nyengo yozizira (mawonekedwe okonzawo sangakhudze maluwa, bola ngati kuwala kwambiri komanso chinyezi).
M'nyengo yotentha, acocanterus angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokongoletsera m'munda kapena khonde. Mtengowo umamverera bwino mu mpweya wabwino ndipo umafunikira mpweya wabwino pafupipafupi. Akokanteru amatetezedwa ku zojambula zomanga ndi kusintha kwa kutentha m'zipinda zonse ndi m'mundamo.
Kupirira kwa akokanter kumalola kulakwitsa kuthirira.
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa acocanter
Mphindi yokhayo yosamalidwa ndi acocanter ndikofunikira kupewa kuteteza kuyamwa kwathunthu kwa gawo lapansi. Kupirira kwa chomera kumakupatsani mwayi wolakwitsa kuthirira, koma kuchepa kwa acocanter sikuwakhululuka. Ndipo mpweya wouma sindiwo njira yabwino koposa yake. Chotsalacho ndichodabwitsa pulasitiki komanso choyenera ngakhale kwa alimi osadziwa zambiri, mbewu yomwe ingasangalale ndi maluwa ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Khola chinyezi chosonyeza gawo lapansi, popanda kunyinyirika, nthawi zonse, kutsirira komweko nthawi yachilimwe komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono nthawi yozizira - iyi ndiye njira yabwino yosankhira pulogalamu yothirira ya acocanter. Mbewu itha kubzalidwa hydroponically kapena mumtsuko wokhala ndi ulimi wothirira wokha. Kutalikirana kwa njirayi kumayikidwa, kulola gawo lapamwamba la gawo lapansi kuti liume. Kuyanika dothi kuti mbewuyi ikhale yovomerezeka, koma kukweza mopitirira muyeso, ngati sitikulankhula za kuthilira kwamadzi nthawi zonse, wopangayo sangapweteke.
Chomerachi chimangothiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa. Mukapopera madzi ndi kuthirira, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho.
Akokanteru adawerengedwa kuti ndi ovuta kubzala mbewu makamaka chifukwa cha chikondi chake chinyezi, koma ndichilengedwe. Chomerachi chimakhala chokongoletsera kwa zaka zambiri mu mpweya wouma, ngati simulola kuphonya ndi kuthirira. Zowonadi, malo abwino amatha kupangidwa kokha ngati chinyezi cha mpweya sichikugwa pansi 70%. Mpweya wouma, makamaka ngati kuphwanya malamulo olimbikitsa kutentha, sikuvulaza acocanters, koma, ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kukhazikitsa malo opanda chinyezi.
Pa chitsamba ichi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mafakitala kapena akatswiri onyentchera, koma chifukwa cha masamba akuluakulu mtengowo ungakhale wokhutira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Acocanters nthawi zonse amachotsa fumbi pamasamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Pa chikhalidwe ichi, kuvala moyenera ndikoyenera. Ngati mungagwiritse feteleza kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira pafupipafupi ndi masabata awiri, mbewuyo singasowe michere, koma ndibwino kuphatikiza feteleza chaka chonse, kutsitsa pafupipafupi kapena kuchuluka kwa feteleza nthawi yachisanu. Panthawi yogwira mwachangu ndi maluwa, mulingo woyenera wopangidwira malangizo ayenera kuwunikiridwa chimodzimodzi, osachepetsa kapena kuwonjezeka.
Feteleza wa Universal ndiabwino ma acocanters. Ngati kuli kotheka kusankha feteleza apadera opangira zipatso, ndiye kuti angathe kusintha kavalidwe kapamwamba.
Mukukula ndi kupanga
Ma acocanters am'nyumba mwina sangakhale mbewu zomwe zikukula mwachangu, koma amatambasula nthawi zonse ndikuwonongeka kwawo ndi zaka. Kudulira kumachitika, kusiya masamba osachepera awiri pa mphukira. Pakudulira kwamphamvu, ndibwino kuti mungafupikitsane nsonga za mphukira ndi kuphukira kwanyengo yachaka ndikachotsa mphukira zachikale ndi zokutira. Ndikokwanira kudula mbewu kamodzi pachaka. Mutha kuchita mapangidwewo panjira yomwe mukufuna.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Kwa acocanters, ndikwabwino kupatula zosinthika zapachaka kapena kusinthidwa kwanyimbo kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri pazomera zazikulu (ndikubwezeretsanso dothi lapamwamba). Mizu ya mbewu imamera msanga, imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chake kusintha gawo lapansi ndikutulutsa maluwa kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga shrub. Wochulukitsa nthawi zonse umasinthidwa mchaka.
Pachikhalidwe ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Ma gawo apadera a zitsamba ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamkati ndiabwino kwa acocanters, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kosavuta kwa nthaka. Ngati mukukonza dothi nokha, ndibwino kuti mupange dothi lochokera pamchenga ndi zowonjezera za mchenga ndi pepala lochepera 3: 1: 1.
Kwa acocanteri, kuphatikizika kosakhudzana ndi mizu kumakondedwa. Chomera chimabwezeretsedwamo zinthu zina zatsopano, kuchotsera zokhoma zokha, zinyalala kapena uve. Pansi pamatangi a ma acocanters, pamtunda wokwera kwambiri amaikidwapo. Kwa acocanters, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa mulching ya gawo lapamwamba la gawo lapansi.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Acocanter samakonda kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Kuopsa kwa masamba akuluakulu a chomera kumayimiriridwa ndi nthata za akangaude ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timene nthawi zambiri timayambitsa mbewuyo chifupi ndi oyandikana nawo opanda thanzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuti muthane ndi vutoli, ndikokwanira kutsuka masamba ndi sopo ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera chinyezi.
Mavuto omwe amapezeka pakukula acocanters:
- kudumphira mpaka masabata awiri pakusintha kwazinthu zilizonse zomwe zikukula;
- masamba kusiya kapena kuyanika pang'ono kwa masamba mlengalenga;
- kukula kwakaponderezedwa kapena kudumphadumpha kwanthawi yayitali;
- kusowa pachimake pakakulowerera;
- palibe chizindikiro cha kukula mutadulira pang'ono.
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira acocanterium ndikudula.
Kuswana acocanteri
Emocoracocers amapezeka pabwino pofalikira. Mbeu zobzala zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, koma njirayi imafunikira zaka zambiri kukulira mpaka maluwa oyamba, ndikufesa mbewu ziyenera kuchitika mutangotola.
Zodulidwa zokhala ndi lignated zitha kuzika mizu mu acocanters kuti mupeze mbewu zatsopano. Nsonga za mphukira zidulidwa, kusankha mphukira zolimba, zolimba ndi 2 mpaka 3 mfundo. Kuti mupeze mizu, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi zodula 6-10 cm. Zodulira nthawi zambiri sizichizidwa ndi chopukusira chophukira, popeza njirazi sizikulitsa kuchuluka kwa mizu (ndizofanana 50% bwino), koma zimayenera kuthiridwa m'madzi kwa maola angapo.
Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa munthaka yonse, yozama mwakuya kwa masentimita 1-2. Mizu imachitika m'kuwala kowoneka bwino komanso pansi pa hood yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino wambiri, kuteteza kutentha kwa mpweya kuti kutsike pansi pa 25 digiri.
Mbewu za acocanter zimabzalidwa mutakolola (mwachangu). Kubzala kumachitika pang'ono, makapu akuluakulu odzazidwa ndi gawo lonyowa, njere zimayikidwa patali kwa masentimita 2-3 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kenako ndikuziphimba ndi 5mm wosanjikiza pamwamba ndikubwereza mofatsa hydration. Pansi pagalasi kapena filimu, yokhala ndi chinyezi chadothi komanso kutentha 25 digiri Celsius, mtengowo ukuwonetsa kumera kwakukulu. Zomera zimayenda pansi kutulutsa tsamba lachitatu.
