Olima maluwa odziwa zambiri sangakhale odabwitsa kumva za katsitsumzukwa. Anthu ambiri okonda maluwa amadziwa bwino mbewu. Ndizoyenera kunena kuti duwa ili lidawoneka ku kontinenti ya Europe kwa nthawi yayitali - kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazo.
Zaka zaposachedwa, wafalikira mdziko lathu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale masiku ano kuli koyenera kupikisana ndi mbewu zambiri zatsopano.
Kodi katsitsumzukwa ndi chiyani?
Chithunzi cha chomera chikhoza kukhala chosangalatsa kwa wobzala aliyense waluso, komabe, mutha kumvetsetsa zifukwa zenizeni za kutchuka kwake podziwa bwino zomwe muli.
Pokhala mtundu wachikale, mbewu iyi imatha kukula mu mawonekedwe a rhizome liana, udzu kapena shrub, ndikupanga maluwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe amaperekedwa mwanjira imodzi kapena osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence.
Malo okhala malo okhala ndi katsitsumzukwa ndi malo otentha a South ndi East Africa, komanso South America ndi Asia. M'mitundu yambiri ya katsitsumzukwa simungathe kuwona masamba wamba obiriwira. Amasinthidwa ndi nthambi zokhala ngati singano, pomwe masamba amasankhidwa. Mapeto a maluwa, zipatso zokhala ndi tint yofiira zimayamba kupanga.
Asparagus ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja lodziwika bwino, koma ambiri amatenga ngati fern, zomwe sizodabwitsa, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Mu mtundu wa mbewuyi akuyimiriridwa pafupifupi mitundu 300mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pawo pali mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya katsitsumzukwa yomwe imatha kulimidwa m'nyumba.
Asparagus adatha kutchuka chifukwa chosadziletsa posamalira, kotero lero ikuyimiridwa pafupifupi konsekonse.
Mu genara katsitsumzukwa, palinso mitundu yotere yomwe imapanga zipatso zabwino. Choyamba, katsitsumzukwa amayenera kutchulidwa kuti. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu yosangalatsa ngati mbewu zokongoletsera. Chifukwa chake, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zamkati kapena zimathandizira kupanga maluwa. Komabe, katsitsumzukwa kamawoneka bwino kwambiri ngati wakula panyumba mthumba lopendekera kapena maluwa.
Mitundu
Chomera ichi imapereka mitundu yambiriwapadera momwe mawonekedwe awo amapangira.
Asparagus katsitsumzukwa, kapena katsitsumzukwa (Asparagus asparagoides). Mtunduwu ndi chitsamba chokhota chomwe chimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, pomwe nthawi yakukula imaphukira. Mtengowo ndi wamtali, umatha kukula mpaka mamita 1.7. Chifukwa chake, itha kubzalidwa pothandizidwa basi. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi tsamba looneka ngati tsamba, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochepa, ali ndi mtundu woyera. Pambuyo pa maluwa, ubweya wofiirira umapangidwa;- Cirrus katsitsumzukwa (Asparagus plumosus). Zosiyanasiyana zimamera ngati chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo zimapangika ngati mphukira zamtundu wamtundu wina wokwera. Masamba ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa 0,5. Pali miyeso ya bulauni, yokongoletsedwa mwanjira ya makona atatu. Zomwe zimasinthidwa ndizofanana ndi masamba ofanana ndi ulusi, omwe amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a zigamba za 3-12 zidutswa. Amakhala pang'ono kakang'ono: amafikira masentimita 0.5-1,5, ndipo mpaka 0,5 mm m'mimba mwake. Ali ndi mawonekedwe opindika pang'ono, obiriwira owoneka bwino, kotero kuti mbewuyo imawonekera. Maluwa ndi ocheperako, omwe amawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe amodzi kapena 2-4 inflorescence, okhala ndi mtundu woyera. Pambuyo pa maluwa, kucha zipatso za mtundu wakuda bii, wokhala ndi nthanga 1-3;
- Mafuta abwino kwambiri (Asparagus pankhaniissimus). Mitundu iyi imafanana kwambiri ndi ma cirrus asparagus. Kusiyana kuli pakati pa phyllochladia (mphukira zosinthika), zomwe ndizocheperako, zotalika, zimakhala ndi makonzedwe osowa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya nthenga. Mphukira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi ya asparagus imakula mpaka 1.5 metres;
- Asparagus Sprenger (Asparagus sprengeri). Chimakula ngati mtundu wa shrub wokhala ndi mphukira zokwera. Monga mbewu yolimidwa, imakulidwa ngati herbaceous osatha. Mitundu ya achikulire yabala, yopendekera kapena yosalala, yopanga nthambi zambiri, zomwe zimatalika mita 1.5. Masamba ndi mamba ooneka ngati awl omwe amakula mpaka 2-4 mm. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi tsamba lofanana ndi lathyathyathya, zimakula mpaka 3 cm mulitali, 1-3 mm m'lifupi. Itha kukhala yowongoka kapena yopindika pang'ono ndi nsonga yowongoka. Amamera osakwatiwa ndipo amatengedwa m'magulu awiri masentimita 2-4. Mukukula, maluwa ang'onoang'ono amapangika omwe amakhala ndi oyera kapena opepuka a pinki, akumachepetsa fungo lonunkhira. Pambuyo pa maluwa, zipatso zofiira zimapsa zimakhala ndi mbewu imodzi;
- Asparagus Medioloides (Asparagus Medioloides). Zomwe zimapanga izi ndizosiyanasiyana osati kutalika kokha, komanso chizolowezi chofuna kupangira nthambi zambiri zomwe mawonekedwe apamwamba a phyllocladies amapanga. Mukadula, nthambi zimatha kukhala zatsopano kwa masiku ambiri ngakhale popanda madzi;
- Asparagus racemose (Asparagus racemosus). Zosiyanasiyana pamtunduwu zimaperekedwa mwa mtundu wa shrub, momwe kuphukira kumapangika, mpaka kutalika kwa 2 metres. Ma Cladode ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndipo amawonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe. Maluwa ali ndi utoto wowala wa pinki, wowonda onunkhira bwino, amapangidwe mwanjira ya maburashi.
Asparagus katsitsumzukwa, kapena katsitsumzukwa (Asparagus asparagoides). Mtunduwu ndi chitsamba chokhota chomwe chimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, pomwe nthawi yakukula imaphukira. Mtengowo ndi wamtali, umatha kukula mpaka mamita 1.7. Chifukwa chake, itha kubzalidwa pothandizidwa basi. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi tsamba looneka ngati tsamba, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochepa, ali ndi mtundu woyera. Pambuyo pa maluwa, ubweya wofiirira umapangidwa;Kusamalira Panyumba
Kuti cirrus katsitsumzukwa kanayamba kutukuka munthawi yake ndipo sikakhudzidwa ndimatenda, pamafunika kutero perekani malo okulira oyenera.
Kuwala
Chida chabwino kwambiri cha ma cirrus chimakhala m'malo okhala ndi kuunikira kwabwino, komabe, iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri okulitsa katsitsumzukwa ndi mazenera omwe ali kumbali yakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Chilimwe chikulimbikitsidwa phula mbewu mu mpweya watsopano - khonde kapena dimba. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za kuchoka: mutha kusunga katsabola mumsewu kokha mumthunzi wocheperako, momwe ungatetezedwe kuchokera ku dzuwa lowonekera. Ngati makope adagulidwa chifukwa chodzala mu kasupe, ndiye kuti azizolowera pang'onopang'ono pazinthu zatsopano zowunikira, ndipo wina asaiwale kuchoka.
Kutentha
Choyenera kwambiri pakukula kwa katsitsumzukwa kunyumba ndi kutentha kwa mpweya 20-25 madigiri Celsius. Asparagus satha kulekerera kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, komwe pambuyo pake kumabweretsa kufa kwake. M'nyengo yozizira, chisamaliro chomera chimafuna kukhalabe kutentha kwa madigiri 12-15. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi ino ya chaka, koma chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa kuti chimbudzi chinyowe nthawi zonse.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwa katsitsumzukwa kumatha kubala ndikuuma. Njira yotuluka mu matalala imayamba kale muFebruwari, monga akuwonekera mphukira zatsopano zikubwera. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, mtundu wobiriwira ubwerera ku mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale panthawiyi, kuthirira kokwanira kumayamba.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Chomera chimayankha bwino kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Njirayi imagwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi yozizira, pomwe mpweya umawuma chifukwa cha mabatire otenthetsera. Chifukwa chake kusamba pafupipafupi ndikunyamuka mbewu ili m'manja mwake.
Ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe, mmera umafunika kupatsidwa madzi ambiri, kupewa madzi osayenda. Kuyanjana pakati pa kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kokwanira kuti nthaka ikhale youma. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa kulima kwa katsitsumzukwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuthirira, komabe, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa.
Dothi
Ndikothekanso kuwonetsetsa kukula komanso kupukusa kwa katsitsumzukwa ngati wakula kunyumba dothi lokonzedwa motere:
- dziko la humus;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga wowuma.
Zosakaniza zonse zimatengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 0.5.
Zothekanso gwiritsani ntchito nthaka iyi:
- dziko la turf;
- dziko la humus;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga.
Chiwerengero chomwe chalimbikitsa ndi 2: 2: 2: 1. Dothi liyenera kutuluka pang'ono ndi asidi (pH 5.5-7.0).
Kudyetsa Aspartus
Kusamalira kunyumba kumafuna kupatsa mbewu ndi zakudya. Feteleza amamuthira dothi kamodzi pa sabata pa nthawi yonse yophukira. Kupatula ndiyo nthawi yachisanu, liti kudyetsa kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi. Pazifukwa izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira yofooka ya feteleza wachilengedwe kapena mchere wa michere yazipatso zamkati.
Thirani
Chifukwa chakuti mbewu iyi ikuwonetsa kukula msanga, imafunikira kudulidwa nthawi iliyonse yamasika. Pachifukwa ichi, chida chachikulu kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi iliyonse kuyetsa mizu. Musanasunthire chidebe chatsopano, muyenera kudulira nthambi zachikale. Izi zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe achinyamata mphukira wathanzi. Akuluakulu mbewu Thirani khalani zaka zilizonse ziwiri.
Chomwe chimapanga zokongoletsera ndi chakuti amapanga mizu yambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti ikule mumapangidwe a kukula koyenera. Kupanda kutero, padzakhala kufunikira kwa zotumiza pafupipafupi. Asparagus samatha kukula mumphika wopanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mizu yake ikamakulira kukula, chotengera chimatha kuphulika mosavuta.
Kuswana
Kuti mupeze mbewu zatsopano, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofesa mbewu, magawanidwe azinthu, kufalitsa ndi tsinde kudula. Mbali yoyamba, kufesa kumachitika mu Januware-Marichi. Chifukwa cha izi, dothi losakanikirana limakonzedwa, momwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mchenga ndi peat. Pakubzala, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kutentha kosachepera madigiri 21, utsi wambiri ndi mpweya wabwino. Zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi kumera. Ndikofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mbande zikafika kutalika kwa 70 cm: munthawi iyi, kusankha kumachitika. Mikhalidwe yabwino yosinthira analengedwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe: panthawiyi, mbewu zimasinthidwa kumiphika ndi mainchesi a 10-12 cm.
Pomaliza
Asparagus ali m'gulu la zipatso zosatha, masiku ano imatha kupezeka m'nyumba zambiri. Kusiyana kwa chomera kumaperekedwa ndi mphukira zake, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a lianoid. Chifukwa chake, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera. Komabe, katsitsumzukwa amawonetsa mikhalidwe yake yonse yabwino kokha ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Izi ndizowona makamaka pakuwunika. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ichi ndi chomera chotentha, motero chofunikira pakuwunikira ndi kuthirira.
