Nthaka yachonde m'mundamo kapena kumtunda sikuti ndikungotsimikizira kukolola kokwanira, komanso malo abwino kufalitsa udzu wa udzu. Namsongole ayenera kumenyedwa kosalekeza, koma iwo onse amakula ndikukula. Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera izi zowononga zachilengedwe: kugwiritsa ntchito makina, zamoyo, ndi mankhwala othandizira.
Njira zamakina ndi njira
Njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito udzu ndi kuchotsa udzu ndi kukumba dothi, kenako zotsalira za gawo la mbewuzo zimasankhidwa pamanja. Njira yosavuta iyi komanso yotetezeka imagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso nthawi yambiri. Atachotsa mbewu zina, zina zimamera m'malo mwake. Dothi silingakhale lopanda nthawi yayitali, namsongole amasintha msanga malo ake, popeza ndi zipatso zabwino komanso zolimba.
Njira ina yothanirana ndi namsongole ndikuwathandiza m'minda yowononga ndi kutentha kwambiri (moto, madzi otentha kapena mpweya wotentha). Kuchita koteroko kumafunikira wowotchera mpweya, blowtorch, steamer kapena wowuma tsitsi waluso. Zomera zam'mlengalenga zimayenera kuthandizidwa katatu pa nyengo, ndiye kuti muzu umataya mphamvu ndipo sipamamera mphukira zatsopano. Ngakhale mphutsi monga nthula, dandelion ndi burdock zichokereni mundawo kwakanthawi.
Ubwino wa njira izi zowongolera ndizowonongeka pang'ono kwa chilengedwe, ndipo zovuta zake ndikubwereza kokhazikika kwa njirayi kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe
Popeza mbewu sizingakhale opanda kuwala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito izi ngati njira yodziwitsira namsongole. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba chiwembu chamtunda wa udzu wokhala ndi udzu wambiri womwe sukutulutsa, ndikuwusiyira nthawi yayitali (kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka 12). Gawo lakumwambalo lidzafa, ndipo muzu uyamba kuchuluka. Mukachotsa chivundikirachi, dziko lapansi lidzakhala loyera komanso lopandaulere, koma osakhalitsa. Mizu yotsala imachira msanga ndikupereka mphukira zatsopano.
Njira yapita ikakhala yogwira mtima ngati isanaphimbe namsongole, malowo amasulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito wodulira ndege, kenako dothi limapukutidwa ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi tizilombo tothandiza (mwachitsanzo, "Renaissance"). Mabakiteriya othandiza m'nthaka amatha kupeza chakudya chazomwe zimayambitsa mizu yowonongeka ndikutsuka m'dothi nthawi yayitali.
Njira yotsimikiziridwa ndikutsimikizika ndikukhazikitsa nthaka. Mulch umagwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda wopangidwamo atangotuluka mphukira zamasamba kapena zokongoletsera. Sadzapatsa udzu mwayi.
Kubzala manyowa obiriwira (mwachitsanzo, oats, mpiru, rye) pamabedi opanda maluwa kumachepetsa maudzu onse momwe mungathere, ndipo unyinji wawo wobiriwira umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dimba ngati feteleza kapena polingapo.
Ubwino wa njirazi ndi chitetezo ndi ntchito yabwino, ndipo zoyipa zake ndikuti zotsatira zoyenera ziyenera kuyembekezedwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Mankhwala ndi njira
Ma herbicides ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza udzu. Mwa mitundu yawo yambiri, pali kukonzekera kosankha (ndi kowopsa kwa mbewu zina) ndikukonzekera mosalekeza (amawononga mbewu zonse mzere).
Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ndi kusankha mosamala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha malo obzala mbewu imodzi, pomwe mankhwalawo sangawononge. Zidzangonongeratu maudzu omwe amakula mozungulira.
Mankhwala omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi amatha kuwononga mbewu zonse zomwe zimayikidwa pacholinga kapena kugwa chifukwa cha kusasamala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira mosamalitsa miyeso ndi mulingo womwe ukusonyezedwa mu malangizo kapena phukusili, komanso njira zopewera chitetezo mukamagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, magolovesi a rabara).
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho a mankhwala munthawi youma komanso bata kuti musafalikire ku zokongoletsera, masamba kapena zipatso ndi mabulosi, omwe atatha chithandizo chotere adzafa. Nyengo youma ndiyofunikira kotero kuti mankhwalawa amakwaniritsa bwino mphamvu yake ya mankhwala pazomera, ndipo kugwira kwake ntchito sikuchepa chifukwa cha kulowetsa kwa madzi kapena mvula. Kuti yankho lilowe mkati mwa ziwalo zonse ndi maudzu, pamafunika maola 3-6. Pokhala ndende yotsika, mankhwalawa amalephera kugwira ntchito, ndipo pazovuta kwambiri amachulukitsa kangapo.
Pakupita kwa nthawi kuchokera pakubwezeretsa mankhwala (kuyambira masiku 5 mpaka 30), namsongole amatha pang'onopang'ono. Munthawi imeneyi, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwire ntchito iliyonse pamalo omwe munagwiridwa (mwachitsanzo, kukumba dothi kapena kutchetcha udzu). Njira yolimbanirana iyi imakupatsani mwayi woti muwononge osati gawo lam'mwamba la mbewu zovulaza, komanso mizu yake yambiri.
Mukakhala m'nthaka, ma herbicides samadzikundikira, koma amapatuka kukhala zinthu zotetezeka zomwe sizingawononge chilengedwe. Pafupifupi masiku asanu mutatha kukonza mabedi, mutha kuyamba kubzala kapena kufesa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopanga mankhwala ndi glyphosate. Izi sizikhudza kumera kwa mbeu ndi zinyama, koma kwa nsomba ndi tizilombo zimabweretsa vuto.
Mwa alimi ndi olima dimba, njira zofala kwambiri ndi izi: "Glyphos", "Tornado", "Lapis lazuli", "Rap" ndi "Agrokiller".
Ubwino wa njira zolimbanazi ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri (kuyambira maola atatu mpaka 6) komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zovuta zake ndizosankha zoyenera kapena njira yolakwika ya mankhwalawa imatha kuwononga mbewu zomwe zakulilidwa, komanso kuvulaza nyama ndi anthu.
Kwa iwo omwe salola kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kusakhulupirira mankhwala "oyipa komanso owopsa" awa, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera "mankhwala" anu opangira kunyumba. Udzu wazitsamba, wokonzedwa ndi manja anu kuchokera kuzowongolera zomwe zikupezeka pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse, ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo umatha kuwononga udzu wobzala wabwino kwambiri momwe ungathere. Amakhala ndi: 900 ml ya madzi, 60 ml ya vodika (kapena kuwala kwa mwezi) ndi mamililita makumi anayi amadzi oyaka amadzimadzi. Ngati maudzu amathandizidwa ndi yankho mu nthawi yotentha ya dzuwa, ndiye kuti vodika (kapena m'malo mwake, mowa) idzawononga phula lotetezedwa ndi sera ndikufa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamphamvu mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa.
