Durian zibetinovy (Durio holimothinus) - mtengo wazipatso kuchokera kubanja la Malvaceae. Mitundu ya genus imakhala ndi mitundu 30, yomwe 9 yokha ndi yomwe imatha kudya. Zipatso zodya zilizonse zimakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri komanso kuchiritsa kwamphamvu. Koma fungo lawo losasangalatsa komanso zovuta zosungira sizimalola kuti chomera chifalitsidwe kwambiri. Durian cybetine ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wamtundu wa Durian. Zipatso zake zimakhwima ndikugulitsidwa osati kwawo kwachilengedwe, komanso kupitirira malire ake.
Mawu akuti durian amachokera ku duriya la Malaysia, kutanthauza kangaude. Zipatso za mbewu izi zimakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chokhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kodabwitsa, zamkati mwawo ooneka bwino nthawi zina amatchedwa "mfumu ya zipatso."
Komwe ma durian amakulira
Koyambira ku Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia. Amafuna malo otentha otentha opepuka ndi chinyezi chambiri, kutsirira pafupipafupi kapena kuyandikira kwa posungira. Okulira kudziko lakwawo, komanso ku India, Africa, Brazil, Indochina, Sri Lanka ndi Philippines.
Kufotokozera kwa Mtengo Wazipatso
Durian cybetine - mtengo wamtali wamtali, wotalika 40-45 m kutalika. Masamba amalimba, amasinthana, ali ndi mbali zowongoka komanso nsonga yolunjika. Maonekedwe awo ozungulira amafika 30 cm kutalika ndi 7 mulifupi. Mbali yakumtambaku ndi yosalala, yowoneka bwino yobiriwira, mbali yakumunsi ndiyopindika, yolakwika, ndi masikelo agolide.
Maluwa okongola, oyera, achikasu kapena ofiira amakhala pamtengo ndi thunthu la mtengo. Kukula kwake sikokulira - pafupifupi 5 masentimita, koma amasonkhanitsidwa m'maluwa a inflorescence-semi-ambulansi okhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi 30 panthambi iliyonse. Phula usiku. Fungo lamchere losakanizika limakopa mileme; amadya timadzi tokoma, mungu wamaluwa ndi maluwa.
Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zozungulira, zolemera. Ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita 30 ndi kulemera koposa 5 kg, chipatso chogwera chimatha kuthyola mutu wa aliyense wodutsa. Kuguza kwake kumakutidwa ndi konkire, yolimba yokhala ndi ma spikes ambiri. Chipolopolocho ndi chofiirira kapena chikasu, mkati mwake ndi loyera, kirimu kapena kaso. Mbewu zimagawidwa zisa zisanu.
Fungo la mwana wosabadwa limanyansa. Lakuthwa komanso wowawasa, mumayerekezera ndi anyezi wowola, mazira owola, turpentine, ndi zina. Kuguza kwake ndi kotsekemera, kotsekemera, kofewa komanso kwa buttery. Kukoma kwake ndi kofanana ndi kukoma kwa vanila zonona ndi kope loonda la amondi, kukoma kirimu zonunkhira, chinanazi ndi sitiroberi. Malinga ndi okhala m'derali, kununkhira kwa azimu kumadzutsa malingaliro amatsenga amoto, kukoma kwake - zokongola za paradiso.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana pang'ono pakoma ndi kununkhira. Durian wofiira amakhala ndi kukoma kwa caramel kosalala, koma fungo loipa la turpentine, ndipo mitundu ya Mera imanunkhira ma amondi okazinga. Mapaki aku Thailand amadziwika kuti ndiye abwino kwambiri pa kununkhira bwino kwambiri komanso kununkhira pang'ono.
Kukula bwino
Nthaka yothilitsidwa bwino, yothilidwa bwino ndioyenera durian. Monga mbewu zambiri zamalo otentha, ndizofunikira kwambiri pamawonekedwe otentha, owala ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Itha kuchulukitsa ndi mbewu, kumalumikiza, kuzika mizu, njira. Mbande yolimbirayi izidzakhwima ndipo imayamba kubereka zipatso pokhapokha zaka 15. Mitengo yolimidwa ndikumalumikiza imapereka zokolola zoyambirira zaka 4-5. Nthawi zambiri, durian imamera chifukwa cha mbewu. Ili ndiye njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yosavuta yotsata. Kutula kwa mbewu zotere kumayambira pa zaka 7 mpaka 15 za moyo. Koma, mwatsoka, mbewu zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yokwaniritsa. Mbeu zatsopano zimamera m'masiku 7, zimakula bwino komanso mwachangu. Zouma nthawi zambiri sizimatuluka konse.
Mtengo womwe umakula umakhazikitsidwa pafupipafupi, kuwumbika, ndipo kuthirira zambiri kumachitika. M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, mbewuyo imaphuka ndi kununkhira zosasangalatsa. Fungo lonunkhira limakopa usiku akuluakulu opukutira - mileme. Pa nthambi zomata komanso thunthu la zipatso zooneka bwino amazimangirira. Pakukola, zamkati zolimba za mtengowo zimapukusa mkati, fungo losasangalatsa la china chake chowola limawonekera. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, zipatso zamphesa zimagwera pamtengowo, masamba a masamba osungunuka amatseguka. Nthawi zina zipatso zakugwa zimatenga masiku 7 kuti zipse. Mnofu wakupsa umayamba kuwawa kwambiri ndipo sioyenera kudya.
Zambiri zabwino za durian cibetin zimapeza zipatso 50 kuchokera mtengo umodzi. Zipatso zimakololedwa pomwe zipolopolo zawo zolimba zimayamba kusweka. Ngati chipatsocho chidula, chimasiyidwa kuti chikhwime kwa masiku angapo. Ntchito yonse iyenera kuchitika pachigoba, osavomerezeka kupita popanda zida zoteteza pansi pa mtengo. Chipatso cholemera (cholemera kuposa makilogalamu 5) chimatha kugwa kuchokera kutalika kwakukulu (kukula kwamitengo 30-40 m) ndikuvulaza kwambiri.
Monga zipatso za mbewu zambiri, malo ouma, ozizira, koma osiyana ndi chakudya, ndi oyenera kusunga durian. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kowopsa, zipatso ndizovuta kusunga m'nyumba komanso pafupi ndi zinthu zina. M'mayiko akummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndizoletsedwa kupeza malo okhala m'malo ambiri.
Kugwiritsa
Durian, yemwenso ndi "mfumu ya zipatso", amakoma kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi wokometsetsa. Imadyedwa mwatsopano, komanso youma, yophika, mchere, ndi sosi zingapo zakonzedwa. Mbeu zokhazikitsidwa ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
Zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri: amino acid, fiber, potaziyamu, mavitamini A, C, D, K, mavitamini B, carotenoids, protein protein.
Alenje amagwiritsa ntchito miyala ngati nyambo kuti akole nyama zamtchire.
Kuchiritsa kwa zipatso kumathandizira kuchiritsa matenda ambiri. M'mayiko akummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, akukhulupirira kuti azimu amayambiranso thupi. Mitundu ya manganese ndi zakudya zomwe zili momwemo ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa amathandizira pakuwongolera shuga. Mankhwala amakonzedwa kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a chomera pochizira chimfine, matenda angapo a pakhungu, ndi jaundice. Durian imathandizira ntchito yamatumbo, amachotsa ma carcinogens, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe.
Kuphatikizidwa kwachuma kwam'mera ndi kukoma kosazolowereka kumapereka zipatso zamkati zopatsa thanzi, zotsatira zambiri zamankhwala, koma fungo lake losasangalatsa limalepheretsa mbewu kufalikira.
