Zakudya zoyenera zamkati zamkati

Zakudya zoyenera zam'mimba zam'mimba ndizimodzi mwazinthu zofunika pakukula kwawo. Kuvala kwapamwamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolakwika ngati njira yolimbikitsira maluwa kapena kuthandizira kukula, koma kufunikira kwawo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomera zimapeza michere m'nthaka ndi m'mlengalenga. Koma munthaka yocheperako, kale pamwezi kapena awiri atasinthika zimadalira kuti akudyetsa moyenera ndi zomwe feteleza akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa ziweto, ma macro- ndi ma microelements nawonso ndi ofunika.

Zomera zamkati.

Kufunika kwa mbeu mu michere kumasiyana malinga ndi zaka, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake, gawo la chitukuko, mkhalidwe waumoyo ndi zina zambiri. Zomera zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira ma macro- akulu ndi ma michere osiyanasiyana, mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ndilo malire pakati pazinthu zazikuluzikulu za feteleza zomwe zimatsimikiza kuchuluka kwake zikugwirizana kapena ayi malinga ndi zosowa za mbewu zina.

Kusankha feteleza "woyenera" si ntchito yophweka popeza ungaoneke koyamba. Kwa wopanga aliyense, amasiyana kapangidwe kake ngakhale pazomera zomwezo. Ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zosankha ziti zomwe ndizoyenera kusankha. Werengani mafotokozedwe okongola ndi cholinga cha mankhwalawo ndi gawo loyamba. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mbewu iliyonse imalandira zakudya zomwe zimafunikira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe zimapangidwira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa mwachindunji ndi phukusi. Pankhani yapadera ya ma macro ndi micronutrients mu feteleza, chilichonse chimawoneka chovuta kwambiri, makamaka ngati chemistry simunakhalepo nkhani yaukonda wanu kapena simunadziwe. Koma pochita, chilichonse ndichosavuta.

"Seti" yazakudya zofunika chomera sizokulira, ndipo ndizosavuta kuyendera. Kuchokera mumlengalenga, mbewu zimalandira mpweya, kaboni ndi hydrogen. Michere ina yonse yomwe mbewu zimafunikira kuti ikule bwino komanso moyo zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Macronutrients - "zida zomangira" zamankhwala ndi zomatira zam'mera, zamankhwala am'madzi zomwe zimafunikira pazambiri. Ma macronutrients onse ndi gawo la amino acid - "njerwa" zomwe zinthu padziko lathuli zimapangidwa
2. Tsatani zinthulomwe silinatchulidwe dzina laiwo laling'onoting'ono, komanso udindo wawo mu kagayidwe - mtundu wa "mavitamini" azomera.

Koma pochita ndichofunika kuti tisalankhule za awiri, koma pafupi mitundu itatu ya michere. Zowonadi, kuchokera ku gulu la macroelements 8, zazikulu zitatu ndizodziwika bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, zimayimira mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka feteleza, ndipo ndizofunikira pachomera chilichonse. Nitrogen, Potaziyamu ndi Phosphorous - zinthu zikuluzikulu, zomwe, ndizopanga ma macroelements, komabe zimaphatikizanso mitundu ina pakufunika kwake.

Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zonse ndiudindo wawo zimawerengedwa mosiyana, ngakhale zimapangidwa mu zovuta zovuta kuvala kwapamwamba, sizipezeka mwamaonekedwe abwino ndipo zimayimiriridwa ndi michere yomwe imapezeka kuti mankhwala azitha kutengera mbewu. Koma zinthu zonse popanda kupatula, kuchokera ku gulu lililonse, ndizosakhazikika m'malo makamaka zosasinthika. Ngakhale atakhala chimodzimodzi ndikuchita nawo zofanana, sanakhale ofanana. Ndipo zomerazi zimasowa kuchepa kapena zochulukirapo za macro- ena ndi ma microelement okhala ndi zizindikilo zawo zabwino.

Kudyetsa mbewu zamkati ndi feteleza wopukutira.

NPK - maziko a chakudya chomera

Chiwerengero cha nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimayambitsa mawonekedwe ndi cholinga cha feteleza. Ndikubwera chifukwa cha kusintha pakati pa zinthu zitatu izi zomwe feteleza wa chilengedwe chonse (zotuluka zofanana) zimamasulidwa zomwe zimapangidwira kukongoletsa masamba (nayitrogeni amawongolera) kapena, motere, maluwa oyenda (ochepa nayitrogeni kuposa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous). Kuphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lirilonse silidziwika kokha kwa olima ndi odziwa zamaluwa okhazikika: kachitidwe ka zinthu zitatu zazikuluzi nthawi zonse chimawonetsedwa pa cholembera chilichonse feteleza. Ndipo ngati onse alimi ndi olima maluwa akudziwa kuti nayitrogeni amafunikira kuti mukule ndi ma amadyera, ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu wamaluwa, ndiye kuti okonda botany okha amaganiza za cholinga chenicheni cha zinthu zitatu zazikuluzo ndi udindo wawo pamoyo wamasamba.

Nitrogen (dzina - N) - chofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe chilichonse chofunikira chomera chilichonse. Nitrogen imalowetsedwa ndi mbeu kuchokera m'nthaka, ndipo zomwe zimapezeka zimagwira mbali zonse m'moyo. Nitrogen ndi gawo la mapuloteni, RNA, DNA, chlorophyll ndi mankhwala onse ofunikira. Nitrogen ndiye woyang'anira kukula kwa mphukira, masamba ndi mizu, ndiye amachititsa "chomera chobiriwira".

Ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni: Kukula kumachepera, masamba amatembenuka, kenako masamba amatembenuka chikasu, masamba amatayika, mphukira zimachepera, mtsempha umasintha mtundu.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni: Mtundu umayamba kuda kapena kusiyanika kutayika, kakulidwe kamapezeka posokoneza maluwa.

Phosphorous (dzina - P) - maziko a mphamvu kagayidwe mu maselo, chinthu chofunikira pa njira zonse zofunika. Kuphatikizidwanso pakuphatikizidwa kwa mapuloteni kapena DNA, komanso ATP, mavitamini ndi mankhwala ena. Ndi othandizira pakukula kwa mizu, othandizira osatetezeka komanso njira zoteteza, kukalamba ndi mayamwidwe abwino a madzi ndi michere ndi mizu. Ndi phosphorous yomwe imakhudza kukula kwa masamba, mizu ndi masamba, "madontho" a maluwa ndi kutsimikizira kukula kwawo kwathunthu, kenako ndikuphuka.

Ndi wopanda phosphorousMasamba okhala ndi mtundu wa violet, kukula sikulephereka, masamba achinyamata amawundana.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous: chlorosis, kukalamba mwachangu.

Potaziyamu (kusankhidwa - K) - mosiyana ndi zinthu zina ziwiri zofunika, molekyuluyoyomwe imalowamo (nthawi zambiri), koma popanda izi sizimachitika ndipo chakudya ndi mapuloteni sanapangidwe. Ndi potaziyamu yemwe "amachititsa" kunyamula chinyezi ndi maselo, kusinthana kwa mpweya, photosynthesis. Koma macroelement iyi ndiyofunikanso kukana zovuta zilizonse, kuphatikizapo chilala, matenda, kutentha kapena hypothermia.

Ndikusowa potaziyamu: kuzizira, kugwedezeka, mawonekedwe aulesi, masamba osalimba, m'mphepete mwa masamba opindika m'mwamba, malo owuma.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu: Kutayika kwa maluwa, maluwa ofupikitsika, chikasu cha masamba apansi.

Ma macronutrients ena omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'moyo wam'munda:

• Sulfafa (dzina - S) - wogwira nawo ntchito pobwezeretsa ndi kukhathamiritsa oxidation, ndi gawo la mahomoni ndi ma enzyme, ma amino acid, yofunika kwambiri pakulimbana ndi chitetezo chomera. Kuperewera kwa izi kumawonetsedwa pakuphatikizika kwa petioles ndi masamba, elongation of mphukira, mawonekedwe oletsedwa.
• Calcium (idasankhidwa ngati Ca) - maziko a zinthu za pectin ndi chinthu chofunikira pakapangidwe ka intracellular septa, protoplasm, minofu yolumikizana, kukula kwa mizu. Kuperewera kwa chinthuchi kumadzetsa kufalikira, kufa kwa impso zam'mwamba, kufupikitsa ndi kukulitsa mizu, mawonekedwe a ntchofu pa iwo
• Magnesium (kusankhidwa - Mg) - m'modzi wofunikira mu protein metabolism ndi gawo la chlorophyll. Kuperewera kwa magnesium kumawonekera mu chlorosis ndi kufinya kwa minofu pakati pa mitsempha, masamba a masamba.
• Chuma (dzina - Fe) - macrocell, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi gulu lazinthu zofufuza. Koma mochulukirapo, kufunikira kwa chitsulo pakuphatikizidwa kwa chlorophyll kumatikakamiza kuti tichiike m'zinthu zingapo zomwe mbewu zimafunikira zochuluka. Kuperewera kwachitsulo kumaonekera pakhungu, kukhala utoto komanso kufera mphukira ndi masamba.

Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa michere munyumba.

Micro sizitanthauza zosafunikira kwenikweni

Zinthu zofunikira zimafunikira muzomera zochepa, koma izi sizimachokera pakufunika kwawo. Kupezeka kwa micronutrients mu feteleza nthawi zambiri kunyalanyazidwa, ndipo kuchepa kapena zochulukirapo pazinthu izi sizingavulaze motere kuyambitsa macronutrients mosasamala. Zomera sizingakhalepo popanda iwo, ngakhale gawo lililonse la zinthu zomwe sanapeze silikudziwikiratu komanso kuphunziridwa.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zotsata - boron (kusankhidwa - B). Imakhala ndi kayendedwe kazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya chamagulu komanso mapuloteni, kupuma bwino. Pochita, boron ndikofunikira kuwonjezera maluwa, mapangidwe a mungu, zipatso ndi kucha kwa mbewu. Boron (B), chodabwitsa kwambiri pazinthu zonse za trace, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikupuma ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito calcium. Kuperewera kwa boron kumabweretsa osati chlorosis, komanso necrosis ya masamba achichepere, kuzimiririka kwa apical masamba.

Manganese (dzina - Mn) - woyambitsa ma enzyme omwe amathandiza kusunga chinyezi mu minyewa, imagwiranso ntchito metabolism ndikubwezeretsa zinthu za nayitrogeni. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe manganese, masamba ang'onoang'ono amakula ochepa kwambiri, amaphimbidwa ndi masamba achikasu.

Molybdenum (kusankhidwa - Mo) imaphatikizidwanso pantchito yochepetsera nitrate ndipo ndiye chinthu chachikulu pakukonzekera kwa nayitrogeni.

Chlorine (mawonekedwe - Cl) - oyang'anira mayendedwe ndi mawonekedwe a ion, mapangidwe a okosijeni.

Cobalt (dzina - Co) - chinthu chopanda ntchito chomwe mabakiteriya akukonzanso sichitha; chifukwa chake, mbewu zimalandira kuchokera m'nthaka zonse zomwe zimafunikira.

Mkuwa ndi zinc (masanjidwe - Cu ndi Zn) nthawi zambiri "amagwira ntchito" awiriawiri. Amayambitsa ma enzyme. Koma ngati mkuwa umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri munjira za intracellular, ndiye kuti zinc zimathandizira kuwonjezera kupirira ndi kukana kwa mbeu, kuphatikiza kutentha ndi kuzizira. Posoŵa mkuwa, masamba amayamba kuchepera ndipo mawanga amawoneka, mphukira zimakulitsidwa ndikukhala zolimba, koma vutoli limangokhala la peat pokha. Koma kusowa kwa zinc kumakhala kofala ndipo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi masamba otuwa, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo pakapita nthawi.

Kusungunuka m'madzi amadzala feteleza zamadzimadzi munyumba.

Kuthirira nyumba ndi madzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa feteleza wamadzimadzi.

Mavalidwe apamwamba osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana

Kufunika kwa michere yazomera zosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Chifukwa chake, chipululu komanso mbewu zam'mapiri amazolowera zakudya zosakwanira m'thaka ndipo amafunikira zakudya zoperewera zomwe zimakhala zochepa. Zomera za nkhalango zamvula zotentha zimafunikira michere yambiri. Ndipo cacti, mwachitsanzo, amadziwika ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa phosphorous.

Pali zosiyana pakusowa kwa macro- ndi ma microelements okhudzana ndi zaka komanso magawo a kakulidwe ka mbewu zamkati:

1. Feteleza ndi michere yowonjezera yomwe imafunikira ndi mbeu pakukula kwawo ndikukula.
2. Panthawi yopanda chonde, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wowonjezereka sikuvomerezeka, pokhapokha ngati gawo la chitukuko lili ndi nyengo yake ndipo mbewuyo singathetse kukula kwake konse.
3. Nthawi yochepa yodyera imakhala yodziwika bwino, ndipo yayitali - kwa udzu wokhala ndi udzu.
4. Zomera zazing'ono zimafunikira michere yambiri, makamaka phosphorous, poyerekeza ndi mbewu zokhwima.
5. Kufunika kwa michere yogawana ndikukula ndikukula: chakumayambiriro kwa siteji, mbewu zonse zimafunikira nayitrogeni, masamba akamakula kwambiri - potaziyamu, komanso pamtunda wa maluwa ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni.

Kufunika kwa mbeu pazinthu za mankhwala payekha, zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka zimatsimikizidwa kokha ndi zizindikiro zakuchepa kapena zochulukirapo. Zizindikiro izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndikuzindikiridwa kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe kapena mtundu wa feteleza munthawi yake. Koma chisonyezo chachikulu ndi mawonekedwe a mbewu yomweyi. Zowonadi, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi dothi lake labwino, kapangidwe ka feteleza, pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi pakuvala kwapamwamba. Monga lamulo, kuwerenga ndikutsatira malangizowo akuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo izilandira zonse zomwe ikufuna mulingo woyenera.