Popeza mwasankha mtundu wamwala womwe mukufuna kupangapo tsamba lanu, muyenera kuganizira mofatsa za mbewu zomwe mudzabzala mmenemo. Pali mayina ambiri azomera zoyenera kuwerengera, chifukwa chake, kuyang'ana pa zolemba ndi zolemba, lembani mayina omwe mumakonda patsamba lowerengera, kenako yesetsani kuyika pazithunzi.
Mukamasankha mbewu za rocariya, munthu ayenera kuganizira kutalika kwa maluwa, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa, masamba ndi zipatso, kutalika kwa mbewu nthawi yamaluwa, makamaka kukula kwake.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimatsimikiza posankha mbewu za rocari ndi kuwunikira kwake. Tikumbukireninso kuti musanabzale mbewu muntundu wa rockery, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino kuwunikira kwa zidutswa zake zonse, ndikuwerengera za ola limodzi ndikuzindikira malo owunikidwa kwambiri ndi omata pamasana. Pambuyo pokhapokha mbewu zimayenera kugawidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa kutsimikiza kwa kuwala.
Zithunzi ndi mayina a mbewu za rocariya, komanso malingaliro a kubzala kwawo afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Zomera zopatsa chidwi komanso zopatsa chidwi zama rockeries (ndi chithunzi)
Zomwe zimapangidwa m'munda wamiyala poyera nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndimitengo yamitengo ndi mitengo ya malo osungika mwanjira zamiyala: juniper wamba, pine wamapiri, malo obisika, kapangidwe ka mankhwala, maluwa osangalatsa, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zikuyimiriridwa lero ndi mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera yomwe imayalidwa bwino ndi malo azaka zapakhomo ndi zakunja ndi minda yaziphuphu.
Mwa mbewu zowola zaminda yamiyala padzuwa, amakonda kuyika:
Barberry wakutsogolo wa Thunberg "Atropurpurea Nana"
"Bagatelle"
"Bonanza Golide"
Spirea Wachi Japan "Little Princess"
"Khansa Yaku Japan"
Cotoneaster yopingasa, yaying'ono-yopingasa, yopingasa, Dammer, etc.
Kuchokera kwa coniferios rockeries ndizoyenera:
Mtengo wa paini wamapiri ndi mawonekedwe ake amtundu "Mops", "Ofiri", "Zima Golide"
Thuja kumadzulo ndi mitundu yake yambiri "Hoseri", "Teddy", "Woodwardii"
Prostrate komanso zokwawa za junipers:
"Wiltonii" wopingasa
Kunama "Nana"
Cossack "Tamariscifolia"
"Variegata"
Scaly "Blue Carpet"
"Star Star"
Mitundu ya zokwawa za conifers zobzalidwa pansi pa miyala kapena pamwamba pa miyala zimawoneka zazikulu, momwe zimakhomera pamiyala, titero. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya conifers ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri m'munda wamwala, ndikuyika maentensi ofukula.
Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa zokongola ndi ma conifers:
Assortment imakwanitsidwa ndi udzu woleketsa udzu komanso zakale. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti malo owunikira kwambiri, monga lamulo, adzakhala wouma. Pakati pazomera zokhala ndi chilala komanso zokhala ndi chilala zoyenera kubzala mu rockery, titha kulimbikitsa madenga padenga, miyala yodziwika, buluu, chitsamba chowawa, yarrow, mchenga wachitsulo, thyme wokwawa, Dubrovnik yoyeretsedwa, lavender yopendekera, thistle ndi miyala. Potengera maluwa, ndikotheka kusamalira zokongoletsera zamunda wamiyala kuyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo yophukira.
Kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa nyengo, maluwa onunkhira otchedwa aurex, squcuses, Iberis wobiriwira nthawi zonse, maluwa a Caucasian cirrus.
M'mwezi wa Epulo, phlox wooneka ngati awl, mpendadzuwa wa Apennine, ndi miyala ya alyssum adzawonjezera mitundu yowala.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, magulu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu mizere yoyendera dzuwa amayimiriridwa ndimavalo a pinnate, mapesi a Biberstein, Iberis wokhala ndi pepala, beetroot wofatsa, basil-leved, shrub raspberry, ndi zina zambiri.
M'nyengo yotentha, zipatso zokometsera, knifofiya, purslane, verbena, primrose yamadzulo, wort wa St. John, ndi ena adzadandaula.
M'dzinja, munda wamiyala umakopa chidwi ndi maluwa obwerezabwereza a lobularia, phlox yooneka ngati chiwongola, silenas, komanso ceratostigma yophukira, maluwa a lyriope, zitsamba zokongola za zipatso - machoneaster, holly magonia, etc.
Nyengo yonseyi, miyala yosiyanasiyana yamiyala imakhala yabwino m'malo amwala, achichepere, oyeretsa a Byzantine.
Kuti ma rockery awoneke zachilengedwe komanso okongola, posankha, muyenera kusankha mitundu yomwe ikugwirizana ndi gawo lazokongola mosiyanasiyana. Ndizosavomerezeka kuyika mbewu zazikulu, zobiriwira, zamaluwa zomwe zimatha kusinthana ndi mawonekedwe amiyala. Zomera ndizoyenera kwambiri, zomwe mwachilengedwe ndizofanana ndi mapiri, malo amiyala, mchenga ndi mapiri owuma, malo otsetsereka kapena otsetsereka, malo owala, nkhalango zowala, ndi zina. Zimakhala zosavuta kuti iwo azika mizu m'miyala yamiyala ndikupanga mawonekedwe amodzi okhazikika.
Microbiota, yews, tsuga yaku Canada, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya junipers idzakhala yoyenera kwa rockery mu penumbra kuchokera ku conifers; kuchokera ku masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse - nyengo yozizira pakati Russia, holly ndi holly, boxwood nthawi zonse, holly magonia, viburnum; a chivundikiro pansi - tiarella, heichera, primrose, ferns, virginian tradescantia, frangipani, ziboda zogawanika, zokwawa khumi, zanyengo, Indian dushenia. Zabwino ku penumbra rocariya adagula onunkhira, opambana anyezi, anyezi wa chimbalangondo, geranium yayikulu-gerizome, wowawasa, coltsfoot, ferns.
Onani momwe ma rockeries osakanizika bwino omwe ali ndi conifers muzithunzi izi:
Ngati malo amiyala yamiyala amasankhidwabe mumthunzi, ndiye kuti mbewu zaling'ono ndizochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, madera omwe ali ndi mthunzi amawona mtundu wa zonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fern, makamu, geranium wokhala ndi mizu yambiri komanso mbewu zina zololera pamthunzi azilamulira mmenemo. Zolakwika zimamera bwino pamthunzi. Ngati munagwiritsa ntchito miyala yamchenga kapena miyala yamiyala, ndiye kuti miyala iyi posachedwa imakhala yobiriwira "ndikukula"
M'munda wamiyala, ndikwabwino kusiya zitsamba zamaluwa, chifukwa zimayang'ana mozungulira pafupi ndi miyala.
Mukamasankha zolengedwa zamwala, munthu sayenera kuyesetsa mitundu yambiri. Pa slide ya 10 m2 sizingatheke kuyika mitundu yoposa 12-15. Zovundikira zazifupi zimawoneka bwino pokhapokha mtundu uliwonse akapatsidwa dera la 0.8-1.2 m2. Ngati pali mbewu zambiri, rockery imasandulika chopereka chomwe chingapangitse chidwi kuchokera kwa amateurs ndi akatswiri.
Ngati rockery ili pafupi ndi malo osungira kapena malo achinyontho, ndiye kuti ndibwino kubzala mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyontho m'menemo.
Masiku ano m'malo osungirako ana, malo ogulitsira apadera pali mitundu yambiri yosanja ya mbewu zoyikapo, popanda zomwezi ndizosatheka kupanga malo okongola. Mukamasankha zomera m'munda wamiyala yamtsogolo, ndibwino kusiya maloto apamwamba azomwe zimakhala zoyera, zotupa zazikulu komanso zazing'ono, mitundu ina ya acid acid, yomwe imakhala yankhanza kwambiri.
Zomera za Herbaceous zomwe sizimapanga zipatso zochulukirapo (zomwe zimakula mosawerengeka kapena gulu laling'ono), nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mbewu zokongoletsera, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zolamulira kwakanthawi, zimatsitsimutsa miyala yamiyala ndikuphimba zinthu zomwe sizinapange bwino nthawi yotentha.
Amabzalidwe pafupi ndi miyala, molumikizira ndi kumapazi kwa masitepe. Zomera zamtunduwu siziyenera kubisa zinthu zochititsa chidwi za rockery. Kukula kwakakulu kwa herbaceous kubzalidwa mutabzala mitengo yamtchire. Kwa minda yayikulu yamiyala ndiyofunikira, zazing'ono - zosafunikira konse.
Zomera ndibwino kugula ndi mizu yotsekeka. Kenako ikhoza kuikidwa m'malo awo obwera mtsogolo m'miphika.
Monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi, mbewu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pamiyala zimayikidwa kuti ndizitha kuthirira, udzu, kubzala ndikuzilingalira:
Ngati dimba lanu lamiyala likupezeka mchidebe, kusankha miyala ndi mbewu kuyenera kusamala makamaka. Ndikofunikira kusankha mbewu zotere kuti zifuna kuonedwa pafupi. Mwa izi, amtundu, saxifrages, achinyamata, stonecrops, etc. ndi oyenera.
Otsatirawa ndikulongosola kwa mpando wa maluwa ndi mbewu zina mu rockeries, zithunzi zawo ndi mayina amaperekedwa.
Kudziwitsa za malo odyera miyala
Mfundo yofunika mukabzala mbewu mu mwala ndikuwona mpando woyenera.
Mukabzala maluwa ndi mbewu zina za rockery, mitundu yayikulu yamipando imasiyanitsidwa: thawale, dzenje, mphako, malo otsetsereka, mwala.
Ciwawa - nsanja yopingasa kapena yopingasa yokhala ndi mzere, monga lamulo, yoyatsidwa mokwanira komanso yonyowa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yayikulu yolimidwa kubzala zipatso zazikuluzikulu zomwe sizimapanga zipatso (zotchedwa chrysanthemum, zotuluka zambiri mullein, campanula, udzu wokhala ndi korona, gentian wachikasu), herbaceous perennials kupanga clumps (ogula onunkhira, mankhwala a zipatso, gingerbread wamba, gingerbread , mchenga wa chitowe), mbewu za pachikuto (zokwawa khumi, mankhwala a veronica, zokwawa zambewu, dubrovnik yoyera-yoyera, prangipani wokulira, primrose yamadzulo malonda, etc.).
Hole - "thumba" kapena dothi kapena yopendekera yochepa yopangidwa pakati pa miyala ikayikidwa. Amadziwika ndi kudzipatula, chitetezo, ngalande zabwino. Ndibwino kwambiri kubzala mbewu zosowa, komanso masamba ang'onoang'ono okonda kutentha (rosemary, lavender, sagender mankhwala), ephemeroids (tulip, daffodil, hyacinth, masika a chive, primrose, anyezi otsekemera, chikho cha safoni.
Cleft - kusiyana pang'ono pakati kapena miyala molunjika pakati pamiyala, matayala a njanji, pakhoma la zomanga zowuma. Ndikofunikira kulimidwa kwa mitundu ya miyala ndi zomera zomwe sizilekerera kuthirira kwamadzi kwambiri (madenga achichepere, zokwawa za thyme, chingwe cha mchenga, kukwawa kosakhazikika, udzu womata, Dubrovnik, chowawa, pinki Rhodiola. Mu ma crevices, cymbalaria, Centrantuse, ndi wort wa St. John amakonda kukula.
Malo otsetsereka - chopendekera (pamakona osapitirira 45 °) mwala, osakhazikitsidwa ndi mwala. Ino si malo osavuta kubzala mbewu. Komabe, kuti muchepetse kukhetsedwa kwa nthaka, chivundikiro cha dothi ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi mizu yopindika kapena kusiya kwambiri mizu kapena zokwawa, mphukira zozika mizu (zokwawa za thyme, rosemary, lavender, mutu wa Moldavian, mutu wa prickly, pakhosi, komanso mmero wa marasmus, ziyenera kulimidwa pano , Dubrovnik oyera-mkaka, etc.). Pamalo otentha, chilimwe, masembryantemum, "zimayenda" ngati "ukuyenda".
Mitundu ina yamiyala imadziwika ndi porosity (sandstone, calcareous tuff) ndipo ndioyenera kumera mbewu.
Pakubzala, nthawi zambiri amapanga zinthu zopuma, zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi dothi lapansi, ndikubzala mbewu kapena mbande zazing'ono za herbaceous perennials (madenga achichepere, stonecrop, zokwawa za thyme), koma nthawi zina, makamaka ku Southeast Asia, mumatha kuwona pine pamwala.
Maluwa okongola kwambiri a rockeries awonetsedwa pazithunzi izi:
Kukonza dothi ndikubzala m'miyala
Musanabzale malo okhala, kukonzekera dothi koyenera ndikofunikira. Zofunikira zikhalidwe za dothi muzomera, monga lamulo, zimasiyana kwambiri, motero, musanabyala mtundu uliwonse, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zolemba zapadera kuti mudziwe zomwe amakonda.
Chifukwa chake, thyme ndi ma groats amafunika dothi la alkaline lotayirira (pH 6.5 - 8). Monga chowonjezera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito minyewa yamchere kapena yamchere, zabwino za miyala ya miyala yamiyala mpaka kukula kwa 8-10 mm, miyala yosweka ndi mchenga wa alkaline ndi yoyenera. Ma hostas ndi ma violets amakula bwino pamadothi ozama okhala ndi michere. Heather, Erica, rhododendrons - okonda dothi la acidic. Pomaliza, gawo lapansi limapangidwa ndikusakaniza dothi la m'munda, peat, mchenga wa quartz ndi singano zowongoka poyerekeza 2: 2: 1: 1 (pH 4.5 -5.5).
Zomera zambiri za miyala yamwala zimakonda kukhala ndi gawo locheperako, lopezeka bwino kwa mpweya ndi madzi, lokhala ndi kanthu kakang'ono. Amakonzedwa ndikusakaniza dothi lamchenga kapena miyala yoyera bwino poyerekeza 2: 1 kapena kuphatikiza dothi lamiyala, mwala wosweka ndi kompositi muyezo wa 3: 2: 1.
Mukabzala mbewu, zimatsatira mfundo zazikuluzikulu mpaka zazing'ono, ndiye kuti, pobzala mitengo yazing'ono, ndiye - zitsamba ndi gawo lomaliza - mbewu zamitundu yambiri.
Popeza taganizapo za malo a mitengo yolumikizira ndi zipatso, kwa chomera chilichonse pamakhala mpando wokwanira 10 l ndi kuya kwa masentimita 30 - 40. Imakonzedwa ndi dothi lokonzekera ndipo mitundu yamitengo imabzalidwa, ndikupanga ngalande kuti izithilira, momwe mungakhalire 10 l madzi.
Kugawa malo kwa chomera china, ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe chikukula, koma kuti mukwaniritse kwambiri, pangani malo olimba posachedwa, kuwongolera m'lifupi mwake m'tsogolo.
Zomera zobzalidwa m'miyala - m'malo otsetsereka m'mapiri, mitsinje youma, zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera mpaka zitazika mizu. Nthawi zina pozika mizu, mabolodi amaikidwa pamalo otsetsereka, omwe amakankhidwira pansi kuti nthaka isakokoloke ndikuwonekera kwa mizu. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, mulching ndi tchipisi thuni, zipolopolo, etc. amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndiye kuti mulch imachotsedwa.
Mutabzala mbewu m'miyala, ndimathiriridwa bwino ndimadzi pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ya mitengo imathiriridwa mosiyana ndi madzi othirira, ndikudzaza zitsime ndi madzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti m'mbali mwa mabowo siziwonongeka.
Zomera za herbaceous zimabzalidwe munthaka kale.
Mukamapanga nyimbo zamitundu muma rockeries, ndikofunikira kulingalira kutalika kwa maluwa, mtundu wa maluwa, inflorescence, zipatso, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, kutalika kwa mbewu nthawi yamaluwa, makamaka kukula kwake. Musanabzale malo pamalo okhazikika, muziganizira mozama momwe zitha kuphatikizidwira poyambira ndi oyandikana nawo.
Kuchokera pazomera zopanda mphamvu, mutha kupanga nyimbo zachilengedwe zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri m'minda yamiyala. Ngati nyimbozo zikukula kwambiri, ndiye kuti muziwasamalira ndikusunga malire, pakufunika chisamaliro chowonjezereka.
Mafani amtundu wamiyala, osatha kupanga rockery yeniyeni, atha kukhala okhutira ndi minform. Makina ojambula pang'ono ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 mita ndiosavuta kupeza malo ngakhale pamtunda wocheperako, ndipo ma rockery a mini omwe ali mchidebe amathanso kusamutsidwa. Zikuwonekeratu kuti miyala ing'onoing'ono komanso mbewu zodumphika ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zikhale rockery.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zidapangidwa kale pamwala wamtundu wocheperako poganizira momwe mapangidwe a chakudya angakhalire "saladi rockery". Apa palley curly var. crispum, anyezi wozungulira wozungulira, mwala anyezi, wonenepa, saxifrage ntchafu, zokwawa za thyme, munda marjoram, oregano "Compactum".
Malamulo oyika mbewu m'malo okhala:
- Kutalika kwa mbewu zikuyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa miyala: m'miyala yayikulu, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu mpaka 200 cm kutalika, apakati - 50 - 70 cm, ang'onoang'ono - 20 - 30 cm.
- Zomera zazikulu, zomwe zimakula mwachangu zimayikidwa patali pang'ono kuchokera pamphepete kutsogolo, m'mbali mwa phirilo, kumbuyo kapena kumbuyo; Zomera zing'onozing'ono zomwe zitha kuzalidwa sizabzalidwe pafupi nawo.
- Zomera zomwe zimamera pang'ono, zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono zimabzalidwa kutsogolo, m'malo owoneka.
- Zomera zikuyenera kufanana ndi miyalayo kukula kwake. Sayenera kuphimba miyala. Kusintha kwa dimba lamiyala ndi mbewu sizivomerezeka.
- Mu miyala yaying'ono, ndibwino kubzala mitundu yophimba pansi, yayikulu - 1 - 2 zazikulu kapena zingapo zazing'ono.
- Mtunda pakati pa mbewu nthawi yobzala imatsimikiziridwa kutengera kukula kwake. Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimabzalidwa pambuyo pa 5 - 15 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, zazitali - pambuyo 15 -25 cm, pokhapokha zikuwonetsedwa.
- Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, inflorescence, masamba ziyenera kusinthidwa.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira zofunikira zachilengedwe za zomera, ndikuzidzala pamipando yoyenera!
Zomera zoyambira zisanabzalidwe zimagawika m'magulu molingana ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, kufunika kwa dothi ndi chinyezi, kukula kwaukali, kenako ndikugawidwanso m'deralo logawidwa zamtunduwu.
Kuti mupewe kusiyanasiyana kosafunikira, sikofunikira kufalitsa mbewu za mitundu yomweyo m'miyala. Amabzala ndi maonekedwe akulu okongola ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba okhala ndi siliva, imvi kapena imvi masamba (Byzantine chives, oyera-dubrovnik Dubrovnik, cineraria ya nyanja, etc.), titha kufewetsa masinthidwe pakati pa mawanga amitundu.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutseka dothi lapansi mutabzala ndi mulch yamchere. Njirayi imathandizira kuteteza rockery kuti isakunde nthaka, imasunga chinyezi chake, komanso imakhala yothandiza pazinthu zazing'ono zamiyala. Zidutswa zokumbidwa za mwala wosweka kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 16 mm kukula kapena mwala wosweka wa pumice ndizoyenera zomera zachilengedwe. Utoto wa wosanjikiza uyenera kuphatikiza mtundu wa mwala wosankhidwa.
Malo abwino oteteza zomera za nthaka yachilengedwe ndi miyala yokhala ndi quartz. Kukula kwa gawo loteteza kumatengera momwe mbewu zimere mwachangu. Zomera zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakonda kutetezedwa zimakhala zazitali masentimita 0.5 mpaka 2,5.
