Kubzala ma violets kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Ziwawa za mbewu zobzalidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - yoyambilira yophukira. Kufalikira kwa ma violets ndi zodula kumachitika nthawi ya Meyi mpaka Julayi. Tekinoloje yaulimi ya violets sinakhale yovuta ndipo imapezeka kwa aliyense wopesa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwona zinthu zingapo, ndipo mbewu zanu zimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ambiri.
Muphunzira momwe mungakulitsire violets ndi kusamalira mbewu patsamba lino. Mudzalandiranso malangizo othandizira chisamaliro choyenera cha ma violets ndi kupatsirana kwawo.
Momwe mungakulire maluwa a violet kuchokera ku mbewu
Mitundu yambiri yamavalidwe osatha ndi osakhazikika ndipo osavuta kuyilima. Zitha kuziwitsidwa ndi njere kapena mosala zipatso (kugawa chitsamba, kudula).
Pofalitsa mbewu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zatsopano, kuzifesa pansi panthawi yachisanu mu Ogasiti - Seputembala. Ndikofunika kuti muchite mbeu pazingwe zokhala ndi dothi lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi, kufesa mbewu mu malo osaya ndi mulching pang'ono ndi peat kapena humus. Mphukira zimawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa. Ndi kufesa wandiweyani, mbande zimayenda pansi pamtunda wa 5-7 cm, ndipo mu Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala adabzalira pamalo okhazikika. Maluwa ndi njira yofalitsira ma violets amayamba, monga lamulo, mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Pofesa mauva a Patren mu kasupe, mbewu zimamera m'mwezi umodzi; mutabzala mu Ogasiti - Seputembala, mbande zimatuluka mu Meyi chaka chamawa.
Ngati munagula nthangala nthawi yachisanu, ndiye kuti zitha kufesedwa mbande kuyambira pa febuloni mpaka Epulo m'mabokosi okhala ndi dothi labwino.
Asanayambe kukula, nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho, ndipo mbewuzo zimayenera kufesedwa ndi ufa wa bowa (mwachitsanzo, msingi wa motheo) kuti mupewe mbande chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ndikofunika kuti muziyika mabokosiwo ndi malo pamalo ozizira (12-18 ° C), ndikuphimba mwachilungamo ndi kanema, galasi kapena chovala ndipo onetsetsani kuti dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osanyowa kwambiri.
Pakakulitsa ma violets, mbewu m'mitundu ina zimatha kumera kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi 1.5-2. Pambuyo zikamera, mabokosi amasinthidwa kupita kumalo otentha (18-22 ° C). Masamba enieni a 2-3 akapezeka, mbande imadumphira pofesa patali pamtunda wa masentimita 5-7. Kusamalira ndi kufalitsa ma violets ndikosavuta: kuthirira pang'ono, kudula kwakanthawi ndikumasuka kwa nthaka, kuvala pamwamba masiku onse khumi ndi asanu ndikutsatira feteleza wovuta (30-35 g pa Malita 10 amadzi).
Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu zonunkhira mu kugwa, chifukwa zimataya kumera msanga.
Bio-violet Agrotechnics: Kukula Mbeu
Pachikhalidwe, m'zikhalidwe zamitundu iwiri, maula a maluwa akuluakulu adakhazikitsidwa - mitundu yambiri ndi hybrids za Wittrock violets, nyanga za violets, tricolor violets.
Mukakulitsa biennial violets kuchokera ku mbewu, kufesa kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la June mu greenhouse, greenhouse kapena panja pokwera kapena m'mabokosi okhala ndi nthaka yopanda michere yokutidwa ndi pepala kapena filimu. Mbewuzo ndi 2-3 g ya mbewu pa 1 m2. Kutentha kwadothi - 15-20 ° С. Potentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa, kumera kwa mbewu kumakhala kotsika, ndipo ndikathirira kwambiri, mbande zimatha kudwala mwendo wakuda. Mbeu, kutengera nyengo ndi mtundu wa mbewu, zimawonekera pa tsiku la 6 mpaka 14. Mukamasiya ndikukula ma violets panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbande malo abwino: kutsirira pang'ono, kutentha kwa 15-18 ° C ndikuwunikira pakuwala kwadzuwa.
Kufalikira kwa njere: momwe mungakulitsire nthochi kwa mbewu
1. Musanakulitse nthangala pambewu, dzazani mabokosi ofesa ndi dothi, kumtunda kwake komwe kumakungululidwa.
2. Pofalitsa violets ndi njere, dothi lomwe lili m'bokosilo limathiriridwa mokwanira ndi yankho la fungicide.
3. Nthaka ikawuma pang'ono, sinthani pansi ndikuyimangapo.
4. Timayika zolemba ndikubzala mbewu.
5. Timadzaza njere ndi dothi losakaniza - izi ndizosavuta kuchita ndi sieve.
6. Thirani mbewuzo ndi madzi, kuphimba ndi pepala ndikuyika kumera.
Ndi njirayi yofalitsa ma violets pamalo okhazikika, mbande zimabzalidwa mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Malowa amasankhidwa ndi dzuwa kapena pamtondo, kutengera zofunikira za malowa, zokhala ndi dothi labwino, lotayirira komanso lotayika. Mitundu yambiri imamva bwino pamadothi okhala ndi dothi losaloledwa kapena pang'ono acid. Mitundu ina, monga marsh violet ,uva maluwa awiri, Langsdorf violet, marsh violet, imafunikira acidic, peaty nthaka, ina, monga hairy violet, yellow violet, Reichenbach violet, rock violet, mmalo mwake, imakula bwino pamadothi osasamala.
Njira yofalitsira ma violets pogawa tchire
Mitundu yambiri imatha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa tchire - imachita izi mu nthawi ya masika, isanayambike maluwa ambiri, kapena theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, itatha maluwa. Njira yogawikirayi ndi yosavuta: gawo la chitsamba limadulidwa ndi fosholo yakuthwa, ndodo kapena mpeni ndikuzika kumalo kwatsopano. Pogawa makatani, mutha kufalitsa maluwa awiri, onunkhira, Manchurian, ivy, canine, canine, phiri ndi ma violets ena ambiri.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudzana ndi chinyezi cha nthaka. Ambiri amakula bwino pamtunda wonyowa, wothiriridwa bwino. Mitundu yambiri imamera m'malo otentha, panthaka yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri nthawi zonse (maofesi, maluwa awiri, chikasu, Langsdorf, masamba a peachy, Rivinus), palinso mitundu yomwe imamera m'madambo, malo okhala ndi dothi louma - izi zimawonekera m'mazina a ena a iwo: chithaphwi, maruwa. Chomwe chimakhala chofala kwambiri pakati pamtundu wa violets ndi mitundu yomwe imakonda dothi louma, lamchenga kapena lamiyala (yofiyira nyanga, yamiyala).
Pokhudzana ndi kuyatsa, mitundu yonse itha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu. Malo owala amawakonda ndi Altai, Swamp, Hoodweed, Labrador, Manchurian, Patrena, miyala, Aetolian violets. Malo a Penumbra ndi amtundu oyenera ma violets a maluwa awiri, Reichenbach, Rivinus, onunkhira, Selkirk, wodabwitsa.
Kudyetsa violets ndi pogona nyengo yachisanu
Ziwawa - mbewu sizikula mosamalitsa. Samafunika kudyetsedwa nthawi zambiri - zokwanira kumapeto kwa chakudyachi, kumayambiriro kwa masamba obiriwira, komanso nthawi yotentha, pambuyo maluwa. Ziwawa zimapatsidwa feteleza wama mineral ovuta, kumazibalalitsa mozungulira mbewu kuti magawo, ngati nkotheka, asagwere pamasamba. M'pofunikanso udzu nthawi ndi nthawi, ngakhale mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, onunkhira kwambiri) imatha kupanga timabowo tosungika kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kwambiri kuti namsongole ambiri azidutsamo.
Zing'onoting'ono zambiri zamuyaya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka malo ndizovuta kuzizira. Malo osungirako nyengo yachisanu a violets safunika, komabe, mchaka choyamba mutabzala, nthawi yophukira, dothi lozungulira mbewuzo limayenera kuzikika ndi peat kapena humus, popeza mbewu zosazika mizu komanso yosasinthika bwino zimatha kudwala chifukwa cha kuzizira nyengo yachisanu ndi chipale chofewa komanso kuphulika koyambirira kwamasika.
Pakati penipeni pa Russia, Reichenbach violet amatha kuvutika ndi chisanu, ndipo nyengo yozizira kwambiri kapena yopanda matalala, yafungo onunkhira. Mitundu yokonda kutentha, monga ivy violet, m'malo otentha imatha kulimidwa pokhapokha chomera kapena chomera chobiriwira.
Mitundu ina ya ma violets imatha kukula mwachangu, ndikupanga kuphukira kwakukulu, kapena udzu, kudzipatsa zochulukitsa zokha. Mitundu yotereyi imaphatikizira mbatata violet, Labrador violet, Langsdorf, Reichenbach, onunkhira, ndi ena ambiri. M'malo ang'onoang'ono, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa makatani a izi, kukumba tepi yolumikiza m'nthaka kapena kutulutsa wekha-tokha ndikumakumba mbewu zowonjezera. M'madera akulu, mbewu zotere zimatha kusiyidwa zida zawo, ndipo patapita zaka zochepa makongoletsedwe okongola a maluwa patsamba limodzi la tchire limodzi kapena zingapo.
Kusamalidwa koyenera kwa violet: distillation
Mitundu ina ya ma perennial violets, onunkhira ngati michere, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, mu Ogasiti - Seputembala, amakumba gawo labwino la nsalu yotchinga bwino ndikuziika mumiphika kapena mumtsuko. Zomera zimathirira madzi ndipo kuti zipulumuke bwino zimayikidwa m'malo abwino ozungulira dzuwa. Nthawi yachisanu ikadzayamba, mbewuzo zimasungidwa kumalo obiriwira ozizira kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndipo zimasungidwa mpaka theka lachiwiri la Okutobala, kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lomwe lili mumalowo likhale lonyowa.
Mu theka lachiwiri la Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Novembala, mbewu zimasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda chowala, chopanda kutentha ndi kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C. Pamene masamba achichepere akayamba, mbewuzo zimayikidwa pamalo abwino koma abwino, zimadyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wovuta, wothiriridwa bwino, masamba amathiridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa masamba, masamba anu adzaphuka, ndipo mutha, monga nthano, mukondweretse okondedwa anu powapatsa dengu lomwe limatulutsa maluwa pakatikati pa dzinja.
Palinso ukadaulo wamayambiriro kasupe wokakamiza wa ma violets osatha. Mabedi okhala ndi mbewu adapangidwa ndipo adakutidwa ndi zikopa za nyengo yozizira. Kuyambira kumwamba ndi kumbali, zitunda ndizakutidwa ndi masamba. Kumayambiriro koyambira, zikopa zimasinthidwa ndi mafelemu. Potere, maluwa amatuluka mwezi umodzi kale.
Kudula Koyenera kwa Violet
M'mabuku onse a mabuku ndi ma floriculture, mitundu ndi ma hybrids a Wittrock violet ndi nyanga zaudindo amadziwika kuti ndi amitundu kapena chaka, koma mwachilengedwe awo ndi osatha (kapena m'malo mwake, ndi achichepere). Mukakulidwa mchikhalidwe chakukula kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo (komanso ukadaulo wa chaka chimodzi pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba), tchire limataya mawonekedwe awo, mbali zam'mphepete zimakulitsidwa, maluwa amakula pang'ono. Ndi m'badwo, kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu kumachepa mu mbewu, ndipo nthawi yozizira, gawo la masamba apical ndi axillary limafa, ndipo mbewu zina zimafa kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kudula kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakuwonekera pamtunda kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kuchotsa mbewu zonse zomwe zili m'maluwa amaluwa m'malo "kuzikonza".
Komabe, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, ma pansia amatha kukhala ndi duwa kwa zaka zingapo. Kukhalabe yaying'ono kuthengo kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, kudula kwambiri mphukira zotalika pafupifupi masentimita 5, ndiye kuti mphukira zatsopano zidzaphukira masamba oyambira pansi pa chitsamba.
Zomera zofunikira kwambiri za violets za Wittrock, zokhala ndi nyanga, komanso mitundu yambiri ya ma vivanni osatha zimatha kufalitsidwa. Njirayi ndi yosavuta, imakuthandizani kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhale yoyera ndikubzala zinthu zambiri. Zodulidwa zobiriwira kuchokera kuzomera zitha kudulidwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Mphukira zonse zam'mphepete ndi mipeni ya 2-3 ndizoyenera kuphatikiza ma violets. Zodula zimakhazikitsidwa pansi pagalasi kapena filimu yosakanikirana ndi mchenga kapena perlite ndi dothi, m'makola kapena m'malo otsika. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo malowo ayenera kuti azunguliridwa pang'ono ndi mitengo ya sparse kapena chivundikiro.
Kubzala mitengo ya violet m'nthaka
Kubzala mitengo ya violet m'nthaka kumachitika ndikuchuluka kwa masentimita 1-2, pafupi wina ndi mnzake (kuti masamba oyandikana ndi omwe amaduladula akakumana). Mu nyengo yadzuwa, iwo amaphiziridwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi. Zidula mizu mosavuta komanso mwachangu, mizu imawoneka masabata atatu. Ndikudula koyambirira, mbewu zazing'ono zimaphuka mchaka chomwecho. Pafupifupi 10 zodulidwa zimatha kuchotsedwa mu chomera chimodzi cha chiberekero nthawi, ndi ma 30-45 ma PC. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu za uterine panthawi yodula zimapangidwanso komanso kumva bwino chaka chamawa.
Mukayamba kukula, mbande za viola nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndimatenda oyamba am'miyendo yakuda. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka kwa chomera zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikuwaza kumtunda ndi mchenga wouma, perlite kapena phulusa. Ngati kufalikira kwa matendawa sikutha, pitani mwachangu kukatenga mbande zathanzi m'nthaka yatsopano.
Pamasamba a masamba awiri a cotyledonous, mbande zimadumphira m'mphepete kapena pamaseti pamtunda wa 5 x 5 cm.7 kutatsala masiku 7 kutola, mbewu zimayamba kudyetsa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi masiku 10, kusinthana feteleza wama mineral (nitrofoska, Kemir, etc.) ndi organic (yofooka yankho la mullein, humate, etc.). Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lozungulira mbewuzo nthawi zonse limakhala lotayirira ndi laudzu.
Mbewu za Viola zibzalidwe pamalo okhazikika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe malo a mbewuzi mopepuka, ndi chonde, chosamasuka, chonyowa dothi. Asanabzala, humus kapena kompositi imayambitsa dothi, koma popanda manyowa atsopano.
Maola ochepa musanabzale ridge kapena kaseti ndi viola, muyenera kuthirira madzi bwino. Pakutera ndikofunika kusankha tsiku lamitambo; ngati kuli kotentha, dzuwa dzuwa, ndibwino kubzala mbande madzulo. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 15-25 masentimita, kutengera mtundu wa bedi lamaluwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mbewu zamtunduwu.
Mthunzi, maluwa a pansies amakhala ochepa, ndipo tchire limatambalala, kutaya mawonekedwe awo. Pamalo opanda dothi louma, maluwa a timadzi tambiri tambiri timafota msanga, ndipo m'malo osyanthidwa ndi dothi komanso m'malo otsika pomwe amasungunuka ndikugwa kwamadzi, mbewu zimatha kufa chifukwa cha kuvunda kwamizu.
Kufalikira kwa ma violets podulidwa ndi kusamalira maluwa
Mutabzala, mbeu zimafunikira kuthirira, ndipo dothi lozungulira mozungulira liyenera kuzikika ndi peat kapena humus yokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 3-5. Kulinganiza sikungangowonjezera mawonekedwe a mabowo ndikuthandizira kukhalabe chinyezi chofunikira pakupangira mbewu, komanso kupulumutsa viola nthawi yamasika. Popanda mulching kumapeto kwa yophukira komanso matalala pang'ono, nyengo yozizira, mbewu za viola zosazika mizu.
Koma nthawi yowopsa kwambiri kwa achinyamata m'minda ya biennials si nthawi yozizira, koma koyambirira kwa masika. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mbewu zimatuluka m'chipale chamoyo ndipo zili ndi thanzi, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri gawo lalikulu limafa. Pali zifukwa zingapo: kuzizira kozizira - chisanu champhamvu kwambiri nthawi zina chimatha kusungunuka ndi chipale chofeŵa, kutuluka, kutentha - nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimangokulira ndikuvunda pansi pa chisanu ndi mulch, "loko", monga makolo athu adanenera. Pofuna kuthana ndi zifukwa ziwiri zoyambirira zowonongeka kwa chomera zithandizira kuphukira. Komabe, posamalira ma violets, kumbukirani kuti kuphatikiza kwambiri mulching kungayambitse chifukwa chachitatu cha kufa kwa mbewu.
Sikoyenera kuyika mbewu mopitilira muyeso, "ndi mutu wanu," nthawi yozizira, popeza mbewu zotetezedwa zoterezi zimatha kupangitsa kuti mbewu ziume.
Mulimonsemo, chisanu chikasungunuka, nthawi ndi nthawi muzifufuza mozama za viola, ndipo mukazindikira kuti mbewuzo zikuyamba kumera pamizu panthaka - nthawi yomweyo "zibzalani", ndiye kuti. kanikizani pansi, ndikukanikiza dothi mozungulira mizu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi ma feteleza ovuta a mineral pa 2040 g (kapena matchbox) pa 1 m² (kapena 10 l yamadzi).
Kubzala ndi kusamalira ma violets mchikhalidwe chazaka ziwiri sikumakhala kolemetsa; kumakhala kupalasa, kumasula dothi lozungulira mbewu, komanso kuthilira m'nthawi yovuta. Kukula kwakukulu kwa ma violets ndi njira yolimayi kumayambira kumapeto kwa Epulo ndipo kumatha mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, komanso m'magulu ena amakono ndi mitundu - mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zitatha izi, mbewuzo zimachotsedwa pamabedi a maluwa, ndipo malo obzala mwatsopano amapangidwa m'malo mwake.
