Kututa masamba, zipatso, zipatso, zipatso ndilosavuta. Tikuwona ngati mtundu wa chipatso ukukololedwa, kunena, ndiwowona, titha kuwudula (pambuyo pake, alipo ambiri omwewo pamtengo, ndipo sitikuvulaza chomeracho) ndi kulawa, kupeza kuti takonzeka. Ndi mbewu yamizu, makamaka mbatata, zonse ndizosiyana: kuti muthe kukumba mbatata moyenera ndikuti ma tubers ndi okhwima, okoma, okulirapo, ndipo koposa zonse, amasungidwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka mbewu yatsopano, muyenera kudziwa zinthu zingapo zazing'ono komanso mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe ichi . Tiyeni tiwone momwe, ndi liti komanso ndibwino kukumba mbatata.
Kukumba mbatata.
Kodi kukumba mbatata?
Mlimi aliyense ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira yakucha komaliza, kuphatikizapo mazira a mbatata, imayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi zina za nyengo yapano, momwe nthaka iliri, komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, ndipo, pamapeto pake, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amanenanso malamulo awo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati munabzala mbatata za tchuthi cha Meyi (kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo, ngati dothi latenthedwa bwino ndikukonzekera kuchita nalo), ndiye kuti mutha kukumba mbatata kuzungulira pakati pa Ogasiti, mpaka kumapeto kwake ndikuyamba kwa Seputembala. Uku ndiko kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata.
Mwachilengedwe, musaiwale, ndipo ndibwino kulemba, kumapeto, mukadzala mbatata zam'matumbo m'nthaka, zomwe mumabzala nthawi yakucha: koyambirira, kwapakatikati kapena mochedwa, chifukwa nthawi yoyambira ikutengera izi. Musaganize kuti kusiyana kwake kungakhale kochepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati zikuwonetsedwa kuti mbatata zam'mawa ndizoyambira, ndiye kuti mutha kuyamba kukumba patatsala mwezi umodzi kutalikirana ndi nyengo yapakatikati komanso mwezi ndi theka kale kuposa mitundu yamapeto.
Kuphatikiza apo, yang'anani kuzungulira tsamba lanu: ngati ndinu odzipereka komanso ngati udzu mu nthawi yake, ndiye kuti mwina mbatata yanu idalandira zakudya zochuluka kuchokera m'nthaka, kudutsa othamanga, ndipo mutha kukumba osachepera milungu ingapo. Ndipo ngati pali udzu wambiri kotero kuti nsuzi wa mbatata suwoneka, ndiye kuti mbatata yanu ili ndi njala ndipo imafunikira nthawi yochulukirapo kuti ipse.
Momwe mungayang'anire?
Zachidziwikire, simungathe kulota, koma ngati nthawi yakubyala mbatata, bwanji musankhe chitsamba chosavuta ndi kufupi ndi m'mphepete ndikuyifuna yonse, muziyang'ana timadzera, ndikuyang'ana. Ngati tubers atasungunuka mosavuta, ndipo peel pa iwo ndi wandiweyani, ndiye kuti ndiyotheka kuyamba kukumba mbatata zonse.
Zofunika! Izi zikugwirira ntchito kwa oyamba kumene, kwa nthawi yoyamba komanso popanda kuyesetsa kukulitsa mbatata patsamba lawo. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri komanso umbuli, amayamba kukumba mbatata pakati pa chilimwe. Kututa kwabwino kumapezeka, koma ma tubers oterowo amakhala ndi peel woonda, amawira mwachangu, ndiye kuti ali okonzeka kuphika mwachangu, koma sangasungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Onani nsonga
Ngati simukufuna kukumba tchire, ndiye kuti yang'anani kumbali za mbatata: ngati yasintha chikasu, ngati sinafe. Izi zikachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndiye kuti mbatata imakuwuzani kuti nthawi yakwana kuti ichokere panthaka, mwinanso ola limakhala losagwirizana, matalala adzagunda ndipo mbatata idzakhala lokoma.
Zimachitika kuti gawo la nsonga za mbatata lamwalira ndipo nthawi mu bwaloyo ndi yokwanira, ndipo mbali ina imakhala yobiriwira, ngati kuti sikutha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, koma Juni ena. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Izi zimachitika ndi wamaluwa omwe anali aulesi kwambiri kuti azitha kusankha mitundu yoyambirira kuchokera pakati mpaka mochedwa ndikuwadzala m'minda yosiyanasiyana.
Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukumba mbali imeneyo ya mbatata, nsonga zake zomwe adaziyala pansi ndikuyamba kuyanika, ndipo yesetsani kuti musakhudze nsonga zazing'onazo, ngati kukumba kwachitika ndi pitchfork kapena fosholo. Ndi thirakitara choyenda kumbuyo, ndizovuta kwambiri: musayende kuzungulira tchire mochedwa, mudzayenera kuwapereka ndipo izi zidzakhala phunziro kwa inu m'tsogolo.
Phytophthora, yemwe alibe nthawi yoyenera
Mwa njira, podzafika nthawi yokolola mbatata, wina akhoza kuwona chithunzichi: ena mwa tchire amwalira kale, nsonga zake zafa kale, ndipo ena mwa iwo 'akulira' mochedwa. Zikuwoneka kuti tchire loterolo limakhala ndi ma tubers omwe akhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ndipo taganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati mutakumba zitsamba zotere ndikuyika mbatata zosenda bwino ndi zina zabwino? Zowona, palibe chabwino: zonse kapena zambiri za mbewu zitha kufa.
Chifukwa chake, ndikukulangizani kuti mugwetse tchire la mbatata poyambilira, ndipo sindingawalangize kuti adye machubu ochotsedwa m'nthaka, kapena kudyetsa ziweto, kapena kuzidya.
Kukumba mbatata chitsamba.
Kodi ndikufunika kuchotsa nsonga ndikututa mbatata?
Mtsutso wokuchotsa nsonga musanakolole mbatata sunathebe mpaka pano. Inemwini, ndidasankha mwamphamvu kuti chilichonse ndichabwino pakachulukitsa: kuchotsa kwathunthu nsonga (pa dothi) ndiye kuti zingavute kukumba mbatata - muyenera kuyang'ana malo omwe chitsamba chinali.
Vuto lachiwiri ndi phytophthora yemweyo: mukadula mbatata yonse paliponse, kufalitsa matendawa kudera lonselo, ndipo mukakumba tubers, mudzatsekanso bowa m'nthaka - zomwe ndi zomwe mukufuna. M'malo mwake, nsonga zimatha kukhala zovulaza, koma m'mafamu momwe mbatata zimakololedwa, nsonga zolimba zimatha kuwongolera tubers.
Kunyumba, ndikukulangizani kuti muchite izi: Choyamba, timachotsa ndi kuwononga onse amoyo, koma odyedwa ndi zomeranso. Zoyambira kapena nsonga za mbewu zotere sizofunikira. Kenako, ndikonzani nsonga zonse mpaka kutalika kwa 12-15 cm, osati kutsika. Chifukwa chake inu ndi tchire muwona ndikupereka chilimbikitso kwa ma tubers: akuti, posakhalitsa akuyenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusungira "kutumphuka" kolimba. Pambuyo pa sabata, mutha kuyamba kukolola mbatata. Mwa njira, tsamba labwinobwino lomwe limasowa mochedwa ndi kompositi yabwino.
Kukumba mbatata
Choyamba, sankhani tsiku loyenera. Ndizosangalatsa ngati kuli kotentha komanso kwamphepo, ngati kunalibe mvula masiku angapo kale ndipo olosera nyengo sanalonjezenso izi. Kenako, timapanga chowombera chowongolera: peel ya mbatata ndi yolimba, tubers amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta - kotero zonse zakonzeka.
Gawo lachitatu - tikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa mbewuyo kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa anthu, matumba, ma tayala, mabatani kapena mabokosi osungira ndi zida zina zofunika. Mudziwa bwanji? Njira yosavuta: timakumba baka zisanu zamatumbo, ndikusankha tuber iliyonse, ndikugawa ndi asanu, timapeza zokolola zambiri kutchire, zolondola kwambiri.
Kenako, chulukanani ndi kuchuluka kwa tchire pamalopo; Komanso tili ndi pafupifupi koma oyandikira mbewu yeniyeni yochokera ku chiwembucho. Ngati china sikokwanira kunyamula kapena kusungira masamba, ndiye kuti tikufunika kugula kamodzi. Kumbukirani: kufulumira mukumba mbatata, pomwe nyengo ndi yabwino, ziume ndikuitumiza ku malo ogulitsira, ndibwino.
Kupita kokakolola mbatata, ndikukulangizani kuti mutenge matumba anayi, botolo la nkhata (ngati dothi ndi lolemera pokumba) ndi fosholo (ngati zingakuvuteni kukumba) ndi inu. Mutha kutenga thirakitara kumbuyo, koma tidzakambirana pambuyo pake. Sikuti aliyense ali nazo ndipo si aliyense amadziwa momwe angayigwiritsire ntchito, koma kupita patsogolo sikumalephera ndipo ndizosatheka kuphonya mphindi iyi ya kuyeretsa.
Chifukwa chiyani mabatani ambiri? Ndizosavuta, ndikukulangizani kuti muigawe m'magawo anayi mukangokumba mbatata. Gulu loyambirira - awa adzakhala tubers wamkulu, wamkulu kwambiri, yemwe akhoza kudyedwa kapena kusiyidwa pambewu. Mu thumba lachiwiri timayika mbatata za mbatata za kukula wamba, magalamu mpaka 80-90, lachitatu - tubers omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri (40-50 g, osaposa), ndipo pamapeto pake, achinayi - onse ochenjera, odulidwa, obooleredwa ndi ma foloko, ma tubers owonongeka, zomwe zimapita kukadya nthawi yomweyo, kapena kudyetsa ziweto.
Kukumba mbatata.
Chida chokumba mbatata
Fosholo. Ichi ndi chida chodalirika, komabe ndikofunika kukhala ndi angapo aiwo, momwe ma handulo amaphulikira. Sindingakulangizeni kuti mutenge fosholo yokhala ndi zitsulo zonse, ndibwino kuti mutengeko komwe kumakhalira ming'alu, dothi lidzadzuka ndikuwoneka kosavuta kukumba.
Zoyipa za fosholo ndikuti nthawi zambiri zimawononga mbatata za mbatata - zimadula, zimasiya kudula, koma chisankho ndichanu, zimatengera dothi (pandekha, ndimatha kukumba fosholo mu dongo osaposa maola angapo).
Pitchfork. Pitchfork ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi banja. Tengani foloko yam'madzi ndi mano anayi kapena asanu, osatinso, ndizosavuta kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mbatata ya mbatata pang'ono. Musamale ndi ma foloko, makamaka mukadzawakakamira kunthaka, mutha kubowola nsapato ya mphira, ndiye ndingakulangizeni kuti muzivala nsapato za tarpaulin, zidzakhala zolimba. Kwenikweni, kukumba ndi pitchfork pakukumba ndi fosholo sizosiyana, kwenikweni, (ngakhale kwa ine kukumba ndekha ndi pitchfork ndikosavuta, koma ndichofanana ndi winawake).
Mukamakumba mbatata, muyenera kuyima kuti dzuwa likuyang'ana kumbuyo kwanu, ndiye kuti muwona chomwe ndi komwe mukumba. Valani moyenera kotero kuti ziwalo zonse zathupi zatsekedwa kuchokera ku dzuwa, pali panama pamutu ndi minda, ndipo pamwamba pazovalazi pamakhala kafungo kofusira ka kutsitsi kochokera ku udzudzu ndi mahatchi. Ponena za nsapato, njira yabwino ndi nsapato (zitha kukhala zovuta pakati pawo, koma zimakhala zovuta kuvulaza mwendo wanu, mwangozi). Anthu angapo akutsatirani, osasiyapo mabowo palibenso magolovesi, asankhe mbatata ndikusintha matumba.
Wolima. Izi ndizoyambira kale zamakono, zimapangidwira iwo omwe ali ndi njira zaulere komanso amatha kuwongolera zida zotere. Mlimiyo, m'malingaliro mwanga, amagwira ntchito ngati malo ochepera hekitala wabzalidwa ndi mbatata. Dera laling'ono litha kukumbidwa ndi atatu limodzi. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mlimi, ndikofunika kuti muchotse nsonga zonse za mbatata osasiya chilichonse pamalowo. Koma chinthu choyamba kukumba ndi pitchfork kapena fosholo ndi tchire lomwe limayambukiridwa ndi vuto lakumapeto, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, tubers nalo. Chotsatira, muyenera kudikirira masiku angapo kuti udzu ukhale pansi osasokoneza ntchito.
Mu nyengo - zonse zofanana - zotentha ndi zowuma masiku angapo. Malinga ndi kusankha kwa mbatata: apa, m'malo mwake, muyenera kuchita zonse pamodzi komanso kumapeto kwa mzere uliwonse, womwe wolimayo adzadutsa, ngakhale mutakolola chiwembu chonse.
Kuti mugwire ntchito ndi mlimi pamene kukumba mbatata kunali kosangalatsa, koma osakhala ufa, ndikofunikira kuti mizere yonse ikhale yosalala ndipo mlimi sayenera "kuyenda" m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kupitilira apo, kupatula kwa mzere ndikoyeneranso kukhala chimodzimodzi. Mwachilengedwe, mukakumba mbatata kuti mulimi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zomwe zimapangidwa kukumba mbatata ndipo palibe zina. Kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira kwa ma nodi kuyenera kusinthidwa kuti asankhe ma tubers, koma osawaponyera mwamphamvu pamwamba.
Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakumana nazo, nditha kunena kuti mukakumba mbatata ndi mlimi, simuyenera kukumba mzere umodzi, ndibwino kukumba mbatata kudzera mzere umodzi, apo ayi gudumu limodzi limangoyendayenda paminda yolimidwa, ndi inayo paminda yopondana, ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito motere.
Zomwe zili bwino mlimi: nthawi zambiri zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musankhe mbatata zonse za mbatata kuchokera m'nthaka, osaziphwanya, zimathandizira ntchito ndikuthamanga kwambiri mosayerekeza. Anthu angapo omwe akutsatira mlimiyo amathanso kupita kukakonza ma tubers kapena kukachita pambuyo pake, ntchito ya mlimiyo ikamalizidwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kukumba mbatata ndi pitchfork.
Kupukuta mbatata ndikusunga
Mukakolola mbatata zonse musanaziike kuti zisungidwe, zimafunikira kuti ziume. Kuti muchite izi, mumafunikira dzuwa ladzuwa komanso labwino, koma simungathe kuthira mbatata pamalo otseguka komanso owala bwino: amatha kudziunjikira, ngakhale osachulukitsa, poyizoni wa solanine. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi Canopy yomwe ili kumwera chakumwera.
Mbatata imatha kuyimitsidwa mumagulu, chifukwa zimangotenga maola 4-6 kuti ziume. Gawo lirilonse litapukutidwa mosanjikiza limodzi, ndikutembenukira ku mbiya inayo pambuyo maola awiri, liyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Mtundu wokhazikika wa cellar umakhala wozama mamita 2-3, makoma anayi, oyeretsedwa ndi laimu ndi kuwotcha masitima chaka chilichonse, ndi maenje - kwenikweni, mabokosi akuluakulu amitengo kapena makatani wamba apulo, omwe amakhala atsopano nthawi zonse. Pakathira mbatata, ndizosatheka kuti zimenye motsutsana ndi kugwa kuchokera kutalika kopitilira 10 cm, izi zimatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, zimapangitsa chilichonse, ngakhale kuvunda.
Ndikofunikira kukonza batani iliyonse, monga momwe tinapangira kumunda. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu azitha kupeza zigawo zonse za mbatata, kuti adziwe momwe aliri.
Kuti mumve mbatata zomwe zimasungidwa, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwake kuzikhala mulingo wophatikiza 2-3 digiri Celsius, ndipo chinyezi chizikhala pafupifupi 85-90%.
Mukayika mbatata zonse kuti zisungidwe, yang'anani pamunda: nsonga zonse ndi namsongole, ngati zilibe matenda (namsongole wopanda mbewu), zitha kusungidwa ndikuyika mulu wa kompositi. Ngati mukuwona zizindikiro za matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndibwino kuwotcha nsonga.
Ndizo zonse zomwe munganene za nthawi komanso momwe mungakumbire mbatata.
