Domra spruce Araucaria ndi amtundu wobiriwira nthawi zonse, ogwirizana ndi banja la Araucaria. Asayansi ali ndi mbewu 19 zotsala za mtunduwu. Malo awo okhala zachilengedwe ndi New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Eastern Australia, Chile, kumwera kwa Brazil, Argentina ndi New Zealand. Palinso Cook pine, wodziwika ku Hawaii, United States ndi chilumba cha Lanai.
Kugawa halo - m'malo opezeka pafupi ndi nkhalango ndi zitsamba. Mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwazinyama zambiri ku New Caledonia (izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwanthawi yayitali chilumba chonse).
Araucaria amadziwika kuti pine wa ku Chile. Ndipo mtengowu udatchedwa ndi dzina lodziwika ndi dzina loti Mapuche (Anthu achikhalidwe aku America) m'chigawo chapakati cha Chile komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Argentina - Araucano. Dera logawa anthu limayenderana ndi halo yogawa mtundu. Anthu a Mapuche, komabe, ali ndi dzina lawo - Pehuen, ndipo amawaona kuti ndiopatulika. Anthu omwe amakhala kumapiri a Andes amangodzitcha okha a "Pehuenches" Anthu Achifundo ", chifukwa mwanjira zawo amatengera mbewu za mtengo uwu chakudya.
Palibe dzina la mtengowu pachomera. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa paini, koma kwenikweni sizikhala ndi mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu. Mwinanso dzina lanyumba.
Pali zinthu zitatu zosangalatsa pa Araucaria:
- Ngakhale munthawi ya Mesozoic, araucaria amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa amoyo.
- Mpaka Cretaceous, pine waku Chile sanali wotchuka kumpoto kwa hemisphere.
- Mitengo inali gwero lalikulu la zakudya zamphamvu kwambiri ku Jurassic kwa ma sauropod akuluakulu.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha araucaria
Poyerekeza malongosoledwe, Araucaria nthawi zambiri imakhala mitengo yayikulu ndi thunthu lolunjika komanso lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limatha kufikira 100 metres m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Nthambi zimakula mokhazikika ndipo zimakhala ndi masamba ofowoka kapena ofunda, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kukhala yopindika komanso yopanda mawonekedwe. Zitha kupangidwanso mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, pali njira ziwiri zokha: 1. Amangoyang'anani; 2. Onsewo ndiwotambalala ndipo osanjana ndipo amakuliranani.
Mitengoyi imakhala yopanga mitundu, ndipo imachokera kuchimuna ndi chachikazi. Pakhalapo nthawi pomwe chomera kuchokera kumtundu wa Araucaria chidayambanso kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapenanso kusintha mtundu wawo.
Momwe mungadziwire chomera chachimuna kapena chachimuna? Ma cones achikazi amakhala pamtengo ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira (m'mimba mwake amatha kusiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu yokhala ndi mainchesi 5, ndipo pali 30). Mbeu zomwe zili m'mimbayo zimatha kudya (kuchokera 80 mpaka 200), zofanana ndi mkungudza (pang'ono kuposa iwo).
Amuna amapezekanso pamwamba pa mtengo, koma kukula kwake ndi kocheperako - kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Zingwe zazitali ndizitali komanso zopapatiza (mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi silinda) kuchokera 5 mpaka 15 cm.
Tikuwona zithunzi za araucaria:
Chisamaliro cha Araucaria
Ngati mukugwira nawo ntchito yolima araucaria, ndiye kuti mukuwonjezera kutentha. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira malamulo onse posamalira araucaria, apo ayi ingowonongerani mbewuyo.
Ndipo, poyambira, tiyeni tisamalire kutentha kwa mpweya. Chomera cha araucaria chimangofunika mpweya wabwino (ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunduwu usamakhale bwino muzu). Kutentha kokwanira bwino kwa mbewuyi nthawi yozizira ndi osachepera madigiri 10 (koma osapitirira 15), ndipo nthawi yotentha, kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhalanso koyenera (osapitirira 20 °).
M'chilimwe, ndibwino kuti tichotse kuwala kwachindunji, makamaka kuwunika. Kuonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ikukula moyenerera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa kuwala kuchokera mbali ziwiri. Ngati izi sizingatheke, tikulimbikitsa kutembenuza Araucaria 90 ° sabata iliyonse (ngakhale kugawa kwounikira).
Zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse kuti zisawonongeke. M'nyengo yozizira imakhala yochepa, ndipo nthawi yotentha imagwira ntchito. Madzi sayenera kuzizira kapena, m'malo mwake, kumatentha kwambiri - ndibwino kuti mulole atulutsire pang'ono musanaze kuthirira, kenako ndikungoyamba kuthirira. Ndibwino ngati mumakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti isayime ndikulola mbewuyo kuti ipitilire mtundu wake wobiriwira, wofunikira nthawi yonse yachisanu.
Podzala, muyenera kukonzekera gawo lamchenga, kamba, tsamba ndi peat. Zingakhale bwino ngati mungawonjezere pang'ono dothi lomera kuti chomera chitha kuzika mizu.
Duwa la Araucaria liyenera kutsegulidwa kumayambiriro kasupe (Marichi-Epulo) kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe (Juni). Chonde dziwani kuti kuziyankhira kumangofunika mitundu yopitilira muyeso, yomwe dziko lapansi limazunguliratu ndi mizu - izi ndichifukwa choti mbewuyo imalekerera kuziika bwino. Sankhani malo owika miphika yayikulu ndi madzi abwino, chifukwa ang'onoang'ono sangalole kuti chomera chikule bwino lomwe.
Chomera chachikulire chimafuna kupitilidwa mpaka nthawi zinayi pachaka, chaching'ono chimatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zisanu popanda zosokoneza zakunja.
Munthawi ya kukula (iyi ndi nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, monga momwe mukukumbukira), ndikofunikira kuti muzidyetsa kawiri pa sabata ndi feteleza wophatikiza ndi calcium yokhala ndi calcium yaying'ono (imawonetsetsa kwambiri).
Araucaria imafalikira pogawa maudzu kapena kubzala mbewu.
Munda wamtundu wa Araucaria mkati (kapena araucaria)
Amatchedwanso kuti spruce. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuyeretsa mpweya. Indara ya araucaria imatha kutalika 60 m, koma osawopa, izi zimangokhala momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira. Momwe zimakhalira kuti zikule nyumba kapena nyumba, sizimakula kupitirira 2 metres. Nthambi za mbewu zimapezeka mozungulira, ndikupanga mtundu wa piramidi. Kusiyana kwake ndi mitundu ina ndi kusapezeka kwa ma cone omwe amatha kutulutsa mbewu. Pamaso pa khungwa pali mthunzi wa bulauni ndipo masamba ake pang'ono. Masamba ndi ochepa (osapitirira 2 cm) ndipo ndi singano ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiliwira.
Nyumba ya Araucaria imafuna chisamaliro mosamalitsa. Ndipo muyenera kutenga osatenga kanthawi, koma kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala chowala, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti ziperekedwe ndi chipinda chachikulu komanso chowongolera mpweya wabwino. Ngati mungaganize zotengera kumunda nthawi yachilimwe, onetsetsani kuti dzuwa siligwere - akhale mthunzi kapena pang'ono. Ngati mungafunse abwenzi omwe adagwira kale chomerachi, mwina ayamba kukukhumudwitsani, ndikufotokozera kuti mbewuyo sikumera bwino ndipo singano zimatembenuka chikasu nthawi yomweyo. Corollary ili ndi chifukwa - araucaria kutentha kwa chipinda amafunika osachepera 12 ° C, apo ayi imayamba kusanduka yachikaso ndikusowa (yesaninso kuti isakhale yatsopano komanso yabwino m'chipinda momwe imakulira). Sichikhala mizu muzipinda zamakono ndiotenthedwe wapakati - kutentha kumawononga mbewuyo, motero ndikofunikira kumuthira katatu katatu patsiku. Ngati chipindacho chili bwino - ndiye masiku onse awiri.
M'chilimwe, araucaria wamkati amafunika kuthirira kwabwino, koma pang'ono - apo ayi singano zimayamba kutembenukira chikaso. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera.
Onani chithunzi cha araucaria kunyumba kapena kunyumba:
Zosiyanasiyana Araucaria araucana kapena pine waku Chile
Araucaria araucana kapena pine waku Chile ndi mtengo wobiriwira mpaka pamtunda wa 40 metres ndi thunthu lamitala iwiri. Kwawo - pakati komanso kumwera kwa Chile, komanso gawo lakumadzulo kwa Argentina.
Amakhulupilira kuti iyi ndiye yovuta kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse. Ali ndi zaka zambiri, kotero nthawi zina mumatha kukumana ndi dzina lake ngati mchere. Mtengowo umavomerezedwa ndi mphepo. Imatha kukhala ndi mauna amuna ndi akazi. Wamphongo amawoneka ngati nkhaka wamba masentimita 5. Mbewuzo zimapsa patatha zaka 1.5 kuchokera poyipitsidwa ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira (mpaka 15 cm). Mpaka nthangala 200 zitha kuwonekera nthawi imodzi.
Zomera zosiyanasiyana za Araucaria araucana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, osachepera mita. Ndi kukonzanso bwino kumalola nthaka iliyonse. Amakonzekeretsa nyengo yotentha ndi mvula yambiri. Pine waku Chile amatha kulolera kutentha ngakhale opanda 20 ° C. zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kuti ndi mtundu wolimba kwambiri.
Mbewu za paini ya ku Chile zimasonkhanitsidwa ku Chile, chifukwa zimatha kudya ndipo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Nthawi zambiri, maiko Akumadzulo komanso opanga chakumadzulo amazigwiritsa ntchito m'malo amenewo pomwe mbewu zina za mtedza sizitha kuzika mizu mwanjira iliyonse. Koma pali chinthu chimodzi koma: kupatsa mbewu, mbewuyo imayenera kukhala zaka zosachepera 30-35.
Mtunduwu umafa pafupifupi, chifukwa chake umatetezedwa ndi malamulo ndipo walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Araucaria Bidville
Mtengo waukulu wobiriwira nthawi zonse wabzala wa Araucariaceae. Malo okhala zachilengedwe ndi malo otentha kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia (Queensland) ndi awiri kumpoto chakum'mawa. Malingaliro akale amtunduwu amapezeka ku New South Wales, Western Australia ndi Perth. Kutalika kwawo kumafika 50 cm.
Bidville araucaria ili ndi ma cones akulu ozungulira okhala ndi carapace yofewa komanso yopatsa thanzi. Asanatseguke, amagwera pafupi ndi mtengo. Asayansi ena amaganiza kuti amadyetsedwa ndi ma dinosaurs ndi zolengedwa zoyamwitsa.
Mtengo wa Araucaria uli ndi njira yachilendo yamere wamere. Mbewu zimapanga mobisa tuber, kumene, monga nyerere, imawombera tsinde lakutsogolo - thunthu. Nthawi yabwino komanso kotentha, imakula pafupifupi zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu.
Ma cell mpaka 30 cm m'mimba mwake amatha kutseguka pawiri - mwina mbalame zikuluzikulu akazichita, kapena chipatso chikacha (chifukwa chake timapeza mbewu zazikulu kapena mtedza).
Gulu la Araucaria bonsai
Mtengo kapena chomera chobiriwira chamtundu uliwonse cha Araucariaceae. Habitat - South America. Monga mitundu yonseyo, imakonda kuwala, koma dzuwa losalunjika.
Araucaria bonsai imakhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, yolimba mpaka kukafika masentimita 120. Masamba ofanana ndi singano amakula mbali yakumanja.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa chipinda komwe mbewuyo imakhalamo kuyenera kukhala osachepera 17 °. Ventil chipinda pafupipafupi, koma onetsetsani kuti araucaria sikukonzekera, pokhapokha mbewuyo idzafa. Monga mitundu ina yonse, imakula pang'onopang'ono, koma imabala zipatso zambiri.
Chomera chaching'ono chimabzulidwa kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, chakale - katatu pachaka.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati araucaria itayamba kuuma?
Choyamba, kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kukonzekera chipinda pasadakhale - chipinda chowala chomwe chimathandizira nthawi zonse. Musaiwale kuthira madzi ngati pakufunika, komanso utsi ndi madzi ofunda.
Kachiwiri, ngati izi zidachitikabe, pitilizani kuthirira mbewuyo mosamala, ndikuwonjezera "Epin" kumadzi opopera. Ndipo musaiwale kuchotsa singano yachikaso ndikugwa.
