M'madera azikhalidwe zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, ku Spain kapena kumwera kwa France, mpesa umadulidwa kokha mu nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchotsa mphukira ndikufuna kupanga chitsamba, kuchiritsa ndikusintha mipesa. Kum'mwera chakumunda komwe kumakula, dzuwa limapitilira zipatso ndipo nthawi yayitali ikamera. Vuto lalikulu la kubzala mphesa ndi zipatso mkati mwanjira yapakati ndikuchepera kwa kutentha ndi kuwala.
Pafupifupi kufupika kwa chilimwe cha Russia ndikupanga malo opeza mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri kumathandiza kudulira mphesa nthawi ya chilimwe. Iyo, mosiyana ndi kasupe, siyimakhudzana ndi mbali za mpesa, koma imangoyang'ana mphukira zobiriwira, masamba ndi mazira.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito za chilimwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zobiriwira ndipo zimaphatikizapo zinyalala ndi kupanga mphukira, kuchotsera kwa stepons, kulira, komanso kugawa mbewu komanso kupatulira masamba.
Momwe mungatenthe mphesa musanakhale maluwa?
Mukadulira kumapeto kwa kasupe, chidwi cha wolima m'munda wa mphesa sichiyenera kufooka, chifukwa pamodzi ndi maso azipatso, mphukira zonenepa zimachokera kumigawo yakale ya mpesa kapena kuchokera kumunsi kwa mphukira. Kodi kudula mphesa mu chilimwe kuchokera pa mphukira zosafunikira pakadali pano ndi motani? Mphesa zimathyoka, m'zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pomwe mphukira zatsopano zobiriwira zimafikira kutalika kwa 15-20 cm ndipo ndizosavuta kuchotsa.
Ndi gawo labwino la mphukira pach chitsamba ndi mphesa kudulira dzinja, mutha kukwaniritsa:
- kukhalapo pa chomera chilichonse cha mphukira yolingana ndi mphamvu ya chitsamba;
- malo abwino opangira mphukira ndi kukolola zochuluka;
- kuteteza mbewu ku matenda a mphesa ndi tizilombo toononga;
- kulowa kwa mpweya ndi dzuwa kulowa kumimba;
- Kuperekanso chakudya kuchokera kumiphukira yamanja kufikira manja;
- kupanga chitsamba koyenera chaka chamawa.
Ngati nsonga sizikutha munthawi yake, zimayamba chifukwa cha michere yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti maluwa ayambike komanso kupanga ma ovary nthawi imeneyi. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta akuwombera amabisa chitsamba, kusokoneza kulowerera kwa mpweya ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa mu korona, komanso kupewa kupangira zipatso zamtsogolo.
Nthawi yomweyo, podulira mphesa mu Julayi kapena m'mbuyomu, amachotsa mphukira zakutchire pansi pa chitsamba, koma kusiya mphukira zobzalidwa popanda inflorescence ngati zingafunike m'tsogolo kupangira mphesa. Mokulirapo chomera, mphukira zambiri zimatsala.
Momwe mungadulire mphesa m'chilimwe kuchokera kumabingu osafunikira
Zosungidwa zomwe zimapangidwira mu nyengo yathayi m'mizu ya chitsamba ndikufinya mbali za mlengalenga, ndi kuyamba kwa masika, zimaloledwa kuminda yakukula, kuphatikizira magawo apical a mphukira ndi inflorescence. Ngati chitukuko cha mphukira chimagwira ntchito kwambiri, maburashi am'tsogolo samatha michere, maluwa amayamba kutha, ndipo inflorescences imasandulika kukhala antennae.
Pofuna kuti musataye mbewuyo, tsinani nsonga ndi masamba omwe sanatsegule, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsero zikulire, ndipo ma inflorescence omwe amapangidwa ndikupereka ovary. Pambuyo powonera kanema wonena za kudulira mphesa m'chilimwe, kwa oyamba kumene, wamaluwa, zodabwitsa za njirayi ndikugwirizana kwazinthu zina zobiriwira zikuwonekera. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsedwa kwa mbali zazing'ono za apikisano zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma cutons kapena kutulutsa inflorescence.
Tsinani mphukira pakati pa internodes pamwamba pa inflorescence yoyamba. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito phwandoli ngati kuli koyenera kuyang'anira kukula kwa chitsamba. Kutsina mphukira zolimba kwambiri, mutha kukwaniritsa mapangidwe a inflorescence ambiri chaka chamawa.
Momwe mungatenthe mphesa musanayambe maluwa ndi mkati mwake?
Kuchotsa mbali zodziwikiratu za mphukira ndi masamba akutseka kumtunda kwa 5-8 kumatchedwa kukongoletsa chitsamba cha mpesa. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakula mwachangu momwe zingathekere nthawi yomweyo ndi kulowa kwa mphesa mu nthawi ya maluwa ndi mapangidwe a ovary. Nthawi yomweyo, pamwamba pamakula pamadyetsedwa masamba omwe amatsegulidwa kale m'munsi.
Kodi ndizotheka kudulira mphesa m'chilimwe pomwe mbewuyo ikukonzekera maluwa, kapena kodi ovary wapangidwa kale? Inde, kufupikitsa mphukira ndi kuwulula inflorescence sikungangovulaza mbewu yamtsogolo, komanso kuthandizanso:
- kupewa kukhetsa masamba;
- kukolola zochuluka pa mphukira;
- kusintha zipatso zakupsa;
- letsa kukula kwa matenda ogwirizana ndi kulumikizana, kusowa kwa zakudya, kuwala ndi mpweya.
Njira imeneyi imafunidwa kwambiri pamitundu ikuluikulu, ndipo pa mphesa zokhala ndi korona wopindika komanso kufooka kukula, komwe pakutsuka sipangokhala kukhetsa kwa maburashi, kudulira mphesa m'chilimwe sikumachitika.
Kudulira kwa chilimwe kwa mitengo ya mphesa yotentha
Za mphesa, monga mbewu zina zambiri, kapangidwe ka mphukira zam'mbali - Strons ndi khalidwe.
Kuchotsa kapena kufupikitsa kukula kumeneku kumachitika ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, zopangidwa zokha, komanso zotheka ku zitsamba zophuka kale. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yothandiza pa mitundu ya mphesa, ndipo paminda ya mphesa chifukwa cha mafakitoli siyigwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ana opeza, njira yosankhidwa yopangidwira komanso mphamvu za mbewuyo, kudulira mphesa mu Julayi kumabwerezedwa kawiri kapena katatu pachaka ndipo ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndikuthamangitsa kapena mpesa wa mpesa.
Kudulira mphesa za Julayi
Kodi ndizotheka komanso momwe mungabande mphesa mutamasuka, kuti masango omwe amalandila dzuwa, amawombedwa ndi mphepo osasowa zakudya? Zolinga izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndikumapeta zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa kale, komanso kuchotsa mbali ina yamasamba nthawi yomwe mphesa zimayamba kucha.
Kuthetsa masamba 5 mpaka 10 otsika pamphepete, pomwe zipatso zimacha, zimakupatsani mwayi:
- patsani chitsamba mpweya wabwino;
- chepetsa kuchuluka kwamithunzi yomwe imasokoneza kudzazidwa kwa burashi;
- yachepetsani chiopsezo chokhala ndi imvi zowola ndi matenda ena a mphesa pa zipatso.
M'malo otentha pang'ono chilimwe pakati pa mzere wapakati, kudulira kwaulere kwa nyengo yotereku kumatha kuchitika pafupipafupi, ndipo kum'mwera komwe kuli dzuwa, kupendekera masamba kumathandizira zaka zonyowa, komanso pazomera zamphamvu pomwe kupsa kumachedwa. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zowoneka bwino pochotsa masamba nthawi yomweyo ngati ntchito yotereyi pamtchire lalitali, mphesa zimakonzedwa mu chilimwe mutatha maluwa, kufupikitsa nsonga za mphukira zomwe zimakula mwachangu.
Patsamba la tebulo, komwe ndikofunikira kuti maburashi azikhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, kuwonda kwa ovary kumachitika.
Mu Chifukwa cha siteji, pomwe zipatso zake sizinayambe kukhwima, matendawa amatenga timabowo tambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri ndi lumo lakuthwa, poyesera kuti asasokoneze zipatso, amafupikitsa gulu. Nthawi zina, pakadali pano, zipatso zopitilira theka zomwe zakhazikitsidwa zimatha kuchotsedwa, zomwe zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imalowa mu ovary yotsalira.
Kudulira mphesa m'chilimwe mutatha maluwa
Njira ina yomwe imathandizira kuti mbewu yoyambira bwino kwambiri izitchedwa kuti kupanga ma bandeji ndikuchotsa mphete zoonda kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 3mm kuchokera kuzinthu zamtengo. Mwakutero, chakudyacho chimatumizidwa kumadera omwe amapangidwira ndi mbali zomwezo zowombera zomwe zidakhala zapamwamba kuposa zomwe zidadulidwa.
Zotsatira zodulira mphesa izi m'chilimwe mutatha maluwa, komanso chifukwa chakudya bwino, mphesa zazikulu zimatha kupezedwa pafupifupi masabata awiri m'mbuyomu kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito kulira.
Komabe, opaleshoniyo imakhala yopweteketsa chomera ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse kuti asakhetse magazi ku mtengo wa mpesa komanso osazunza mizu yake.
