Peyala imadziwika kuti ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri, womwe nthawi zambiri imawuma, ndiyodwala, ndichifukwa chake m'dziko lathu muli minda ingapo yamakampani ochepa. Wamaluwa achinsinsi nthawi zambiri amadandaula za mbewuyi, osati chifukwa cha nyengo yake, komanso chifukwa choti peyala nthawi zambiri siyimachita maluwa ndipo sipanga zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali mutabzala mmera, ndipo nthawi zina imatha kutulutsa bwino, komanso osatinso palibe mbewu. Tilankhula za zomwe zikuchititsa izi lero.
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe ngale zimabala.Zamkatimu:
- Maonekedwe a Ngale Zosiyanasiyana
- Kuperewera kwa chakudya m'dothi
- Zolakwika pakubzala
- Peyala - Zakuthengo
- Zowunikira
- Zowonongeka za tizilombo
- Peyala imapereka mtundu koma osabala zipatso
Maonekedwe a Ngale Zosiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri ngati peyala sabala zipatso ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakubadwa ndipo palibe choyipa, kupatula zaka zowonjezera zakukhumba, sizibweretsa eni minda. Pofuna kuti musadandaule kuti mmera womwe mudagula ndi kubzala, monga momwe akuyembekezerera, sabala zipatso, muyenera kudziwa za tsiku lomwe mudalowere zipatso musanagule mitundu ina ya peyala.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamapira ili ndi nthawi yake. Sichabwino kwenikweni kutchula masiku a zipatso zamtundu uliwonse, chifukwa chake tikuwapatsa madeti ofananitsa zipatso zamitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri (paminda yaminda ndi malo osungirako ana).
Zosiyanasiyana zamapichesi "Moskvichka" ndi "Mukukumbukira Yakovlev" adzapatsa mbewu yoyamba itatha zaka zitatu kapena kupitilira zaka zinayi; mitundu "Larinskaya", "Fatherland" ndi "Red-mbali" zidzabereka zipatso patapita nthawi pang'ono - zaka zinayi kapena zisanu mutabzala mmera pamalowo; mitundu "Leningradskaya" ndi "Kukongola" zidzakondweretsa zipatso zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi mutabzala mmera pamalowo; mitundu "Josephine", "Mecheln" ndi "Bereslutskaya" adzapatsa zipatso zoyambirira pambuyo pake, osachepera zaka khumi mutabzala mmera m'malo okhazikika.
Ponena za zaka za mmera, mutabzala mbewu za peyala ndi chaka, zimayamba msanga kwambiri ndipo nthawi yolowera zipatso imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi chaka. Mukabzala ana azaka ziwiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizichitika, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kukumba mapeyala azaka ziwiri kuchokera ku nazale, amadwala motalikirapo ndipo nthawi yolowera zipatso ikhoza kubwera pafupifupi chaka chotsatira.
Zachidziwikire, zonse zikukonzedwa, tsopano pali masheya atsopano omwe peyala imabala zipatso mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, masheya monga PG 2, PG 17-16, ndi PG 12 a Michurin Institute kusankha kumabweretsa zaka za peyala popirira kwa zaka zingapo.
Mapeyala amitundu yosiyanasiyana amabala zipatso pamibadwo yosiyanaKuperewera kwa chakudya m'dothi
Chifukwa chachiwiri, ngati peyala singaberekeke zipatso nthawi yayitali, ndikusowa kwa dothi la michere inayake. Ndi kuperewera kotere, peyala imawoneka kuti ili tulo; njira zonse mu chomeracho zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi imeneyi, komabe, mizu imatha kukhazikika, imakula ndikuzama komanso m'lifupi.
Mizu imayamba kufunafuna zakudya, ndipo bola mizu ikakula ndikukula, zipatso sizipangika. Potere, peyalayo singakhale kapena kutulutsa maluwa konse, kapena kutulutsa maluwa, koma osatulutsa zipatso, ndikupanga thumba losunga mazira, koma mazira aposachedwa aphulika onse.
Kuti mupange kuperewera kwa michere pansi pa peyala, muyenera kupanga feteleza, koma izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, dothi likadzaza ndi nayitrogeni, peyala imayamba kukula mwachangu, ndikupanga zipatso zochulukitsa - masamba, mphukira, koma osati pachimake.
Kuti mudzazitse bwino kuperewera kwa michere, ndikofunikira kupenda nthaka mu labotale yoyenera. Kusanthula kwathunthu kokha komwe kungawonetse kuti ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chikuperewera komanso chokwanira.
Ngati muthira feteleza osadziwa kuchuluka kwace m'nthaka, mutha kuchulukitsa dothi ndi chinthu chimodzi osangobweretsanso zochuluka, zomwe sizingangopulumutsa zoterezi, komanso kukulitsa.
Ingoganizirani kuti tikudziwa momwe dothi limapangidwira, ndipo ngakhale mulibe zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous panthaka.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa nayitrogeni pansi pa peyala ndikoyenera kokha mu April. Popeza peyala ilibe mbiri yozizira, ngati tiwonjezeranso nayitrogeni m'munda wachiwiri wa chilimwe kapena, moyipa kwambiri, nthawi yophukira, peyala ikhoza kupitiriza kukula mwachangu, mphukira yozizira sikhala ndi nthawi yopukutira ndi kungozizira. Kuyambitsa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndikotheka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndi chilimwe, komanso m'dzinja.
Mitundu yofananira ya feteleza ndi nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndiyotheka masika (nthawi yophukira), nthawi yotsatira ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe, lotsatira ndi pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo kutha kwa kudya ndiko kutha kwa mwezi woyamba wa yophukira.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, nthawi zambiri zimatengera nthawi yoyambira kalendala yoyambira ndipo imatha kuwonedwa kuyambira koyambirira mpaka pakati pa Epulo, peyala imasiya masamba ndipo mutha kuwonjezera kilogalamu ya manyowa ozungulira kwathunthu kapena humus pansi pake ndikuwonjezera kwa 300 g a mwaye. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere nitroammophoska, titaisungitsa kale m'madzi okwana 19 g pachidebe chilichonse (malita 10) pa peyala iliyonse.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mbewu zimayenera kupatsidwa mphamvu ndi phosphorous mu mawonekedwe a superphosphate ndi potaziyamu - potaziyamu sulfate. Superphosphate mu 13 g pansi pa peyala iyenera kuyikidwa pouma dothi lomasulidwa kale ndi madzi, ndipo mutatha kuphatikiza manyowa, dothi litha kukumbidwa ndi dothi la humus. Potaziyamu sulfate imawonjezeredwa mu mawonekedwe osungunuka mu 10 g pa ndowa (madzi 10).
Pakati pa chilimwe, ndikofunikanso kuwonjezera superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate mu mulingo womwewo komanso chimodzimodzi ngati kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Mu nthawi yophukira, timafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito fetelezayu, kuchepetsa mlingo ndi theka, koma chimodzimodzi ngati m'chilimwe.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti peyalayo imatha kuphuka ndipo singayike zipatso kapena kugwetsa ovary ngati dothi lanyowa kwambiri chifukwa chamvula yamphamvu, kuthirira kwambiri, kapena pafupi ndi nthaka yam'madzi (yokwanira 2.5 m).
Peyala singakhale pachimake kapena pachimake, koma siyingalole pama dothi acidic kwambiri. Poganizira kuti peyalayo sikukonda dothi losafunikira, iyenera kukhala yokhazikika dothi la acidic, 1m2 200 magalamu a laimu. Koma izi zimatengera acidity nthaka ndi kapangidwe kake, ndiye kuti nthaka - mchenga, loam kapena chernozem.
Ndikothekanso kumvetsetsa ngati nthaka yachilengedwe ingapezeke kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zikumera pamenepo: mahatchi, ma nettle, sorelo wa kavalo amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa nthaka. Ngati dothi laphikidwa ndi udzu - lomwe silingachitike konse ndipo udzu ungololedwa pakati pa mizere, koma osati pamtunda wozungulira-kapena wokumbidwamo, ndiye mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pepala la litmus ndi muyeso wamtundu kuti muone acidity .
Peyala iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo abwino.Zolakwika pakubzala
Peyala imakonda kwambiri kubzala kosayenera: ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze kuya kwamizu ndipo ndikofunika kubzala mbande zamiyala poyerekeza ndi zomwe adalemba kale momwe adalima kale mu nazale. Kulephera kutsatira izi, makamaka, malamulo oyambira angayambitse kuchepa kwambiri koyambirira koyambira kwa peyala.
Mbande za peyala ziyenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka kuti muzu wa mizu (awa ndi malo omwe mizu imalowamo mtengowo, osati malo akalumikiza, monga anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika) anali pa dothi. Ngati khosi mizu itakulitsidwa, ndiye kuti peyalayo imatha kubereka patapita zaka zingapo kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira. Ngati khosi la mizu likasiyidwa pamwamba pamtunda, mizu ya peyala imatha kuzizira, makamaka nyengo yotentha, ikakhala kale chisanu, ndipo sipanakhale matalala kapena chipale chofewa kwambiri.
Mu nyengo yotentha, kuzizira kwa mizu kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri awa ndiye mizu yotsiriza komanso yofunikira kwambiri pazakudyazo zam'mera, zomwe zimabwezeretsedwa panthawi yamasamba, koma mu nkhani iyi ikakhala ikulephera kubereka, imakhala yotanganidwa kubwezeretsa mizu.
M'pofunikanso pobzala mapeyala kuti muganizire za pang'onopang'ono. Aliyense akudziwa bwino kuti chifukwa cha kakulidwe kam'mera, mizu yake ndi mlengalenga, peyalayi imagulitsidwa ku nazale ngati "annlings". Mwana wazaka chimodzi chodzala amatha kudwala kwanthawi yayitali ndikuzuzika m'malo atsopano, potero akuchepetsa nthawi yolowetsa zipatso. Kuti tipewe izi, ndikofunikira kuyika mmera kuti mbali yake, yomwe imalowera kumwera, ilinso kumwera. Kuti mumvetse mbali yomwe mmera unalowera kum'mwera ndipo ndiko kumpoto, mutha kuyang'anitsitsa khungwa la mmera - ngati kuli kuda, ngati kuti kwayamba, ndiye mbali yakum'mwera, ndipo ngati ndichopepuka, ndiye kumpoto.
Mwa njira, ngati mwabzala kale mbande zosalondola, ndipo khosi lozika limakulitsidwa kapena, m'malo mwake, limakweza kwambiri pamwamba pa dothi, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kukonza vutolo. Mwachitsanzo, pakukula khosi la muzu, mutha kuyesa kukumba ndikuwonjezera dothi pamizu yake (ndithudi, izi ndizotheka ngati mtengowo udabzalidwa chaka, chopitilira zaka ziwiri zapitazo), ngati khosi la mizu limakweza pamwamba pamtunda wa dothi, ndiye kuti tsinde lingakutilidwe ndi dothi, adamupanikiza.
Peyala - Zakuthengo
Nthawi zina, makamaka pogula mmera osati mu nazale, monga timalangiza nthawi zonse, koma pamsika "ndi dzanja", mtengo wa peyala umatha kukhazikika bwino, koma osaphuka kwazaka zambiri. Izi zimachitika ngati simunagulitsidwe peyala imodzi, koma yolumikizidwa wamba.
Mwakutero, ngakhale mutapilira ndikudikirira kuti zipatsozo zilandidwe, mudzakhumudwitsidwa - chipatso cha peyalacho chimakhala chochepa komanso chowawasa, ndipo mmerowo pawokha umakula mopepuka ndipo umatha kupitirira mamilimita khumi. Tsoka ilo, pankhaniyi, kupangira ena chidziwitso chothetsa vutoli ndizovuta. Olima ena amadula gawo la mtengo potero ndikuchepetsa kukula kwake, ndipo kudula mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumanikizidwa mu korona, koma si onse omwe angachite izi ndipo si aliyense amene ali ndi chikhumbo. Imaduladula ndi kuzula mtengo pobzala mbeu zina zingapo.
Kuti mumvetsetse kuti mphukira ikugulitsidwa kwa inu ndiosavuta - muyenera kupenda mosamala maziko a mbewa ya peyala pamtunda wa pafupi ndi mainchesi asanu. Webusayiti yolumikizirayi iyenera kuwonekera pamalo ano, thunthu sayenera kuwongoka bwino kuchokera kumizu, sipayenera kukhala minga pamtengo, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wamisala, ndipo mmera pawokha suyenera kukhala wawokulirapo, wamtali.
Nthawi zambiri peyala ya chaka chimodzi imakhala ndi kutalika kwamamita awiri, mizu yakuda ndi nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Zachidziwikire, zimatengera zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Bystrinka imatha kukhala ndi kutalika kwa mamitala 2.5, mizu yolimba komanso nthambi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Zowunikira
Zolakwika zimatha kuchitika posankha malo patsamba. Nthawi zambiri, olima m'minda, chifukwa cha kutalika kwa peyala ndi korona wake wotambalala, amabzala chomera pamalo otetezeka m'chiyembekezo kuti peyalayo imakula nthawi yayitali ndikutuluka mumthunzi chifukwa cha kutalika kwake. M'malo mwake, izi ndizomveka, koma zolakwika.
Nthawi yonse pomwe peyalayo imakula ndikukula, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawerama, kuti ichoke pamthunzi, sidzabereka zipatso, ndipo nthawi imeneyi imatha kukhala zaka khumi kapena kupitirira apo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti peyalayo imakonda kuyatsa, imafunika kuwala kambiri, ngati ikuperewera, sipabereka zipatso.
Zachidziwikire, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osakhazikika bwino a dzinja, amatha kubzala mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, makoma a nyumba, mpanda kapena mtengo wina waukulu wokhala ndi korona wowuma, koma pokhapokha ngati mtundu uwu wa chitetezo kuchokera kumphepo yozizira yakumpoto uli kokha mbali yakumpoto.
Peyala imatha kutulutsa maluwa koma osabala zipatso chifukwa chakuyipitsidwaZowonongeka za tizilombo
Chifukwa china pamene peyala satulutsa ndi kufalikira kwa tizirombo. Mwachitsanzo, imakhudzira impso za peyala ndipo sizimalola kuti zilime zapakhosi; mutha kuthana nayo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala "Alatar". Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga chipatso cha apulosi timene timayambitsa kuvulala ndi peyala, yomwe imadziwonetsera pakuwonongeka kwa maluwa. Ndi tizilombo mungalimbane nawo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa "Kinmiks".
Nthochi itha kuyipitsanso peyala, mbozi zake zimalowa mkati mwa ovary ndikudya chipinda cha mbewu, chifukwa choti dzira limagwera, ndipo palibe zipatso. Mutha kuthana ndi njenjete pochiza mbewu za peyala ndi mankhwala "Aivengo". Kufufuza zitha kuchitika mwina mkati mwa Meyi, pomwe pali zaka agulugufe, ndikubwereza pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Peyala imapereka mtundu koma osabala zipatso
Nthawi zina masamba amalonda kwambiri, koma osabala zipatso, izi zitha kukhala zifukwa ziwiri - kusowa kwa mungu ndipo chifukwa chodziwitsidwa ndi chisanu.
Kuti athetse vuto la kupukutira, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya mapeyala omwe akutuluka nthawi yomweyo pamalowo; adzapukuta mungu wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokolola zizikhala pachaka komanso chokhazikika.
Kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha mungu kuchokera ku ma pistil, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu za peyala ndi maluwa a boric panthawi ya maluwa ambiri, atakonza yankho lake.
Ndikosavuta kuthetsa vuto lodziwonetsera chisanu cham'madzi. Masamba amatha kuwononga thumba losunga mazira kale poyambira kukula kapena kupanga maluwa kukhala osabala, mungu. Nthawi zina wamaluwa amathetsa vutoli ndi chisanu pakusuta komwe kuli pachiwopsezo chambiri, koma sizipereka mphamvu nthawi zonse.
Ngati chisanu m'dera lanu zibwerezedwanso pachaka, ndibwino kugula mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa mochedwa, ndiye kuti, nthawi yophukira komanso yozizira.
Pomaliza Tinapereka zitsanzo za zoyambitsa zomwe zimakonda kwambiri pamene peyala singathe kubereka. Kudziwa izi, mutha kuzipewa, kenako peyala imakusangalatsani ndi mbewu zonse.
