Kodi zamasamba ndi chiyani?

Wamasamba woyamba adapangidwa zaka zana zapitazo ndi Alexander Vasilievich Ivanov, ndipo zopangidwa izi zidakwaniritsidwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za zana lomaliza. Kuchita bwino kwa masamba akewo kudatsimikizika, ndipo ngakhale buku lidasindikiza lomwe limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mamangidwe ake ndi zabwino zonse zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, mdziko lathu, izi, mosakayikira zachitika bwino, polojekiti, tsoka, sanalandire.

Ndiye zamasamba ndi chiyani, maubwino ake ndi otani, ngati ali ndi zolakwika ndipo zamasamba zimasiyana bwanji ndi malo obiriwira - tiyesetsa kukuwuzani momwe mungathere m'nkhaniyi.

Mavuto m'malo obisika omwe msipu ulibe

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kukambirana za zovuta ndi zovuta za chamba chobiriwira komanso kukambirana momwe mavuto amathetsedwera mu veggie. Ndiye wamba wamba wowonjezera kutentha? Zowona, awa ndi mawonekedwe omangidwa kapena otsekeka, ophimbidwa ndi galasi, filimu kapena polycarbonate ndi dothi pansi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala, ngakhale pali malo osungiramo kutentha ndi kutentha.

Kodi zovuta zakunyumba ndi ziti: vuto lalikulu ndikutayika kwa mphamvu yayikulu ndi dzuwa, makamaka munthawi zamakaka dzuwa lisanalowe - izi ndi nthawi yophukira, yophukira, nthawi yachisanu komanso m'mawa komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Pakadali pano, msipu wowoneka bwino ukhoza kuwonetsa 70% (!) Wamphamvu zamagetsi ndi kulola 20 kapena 30% yokha.

Vuto lalikulu lachiwiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kusiyana kwachiwiri pakati pa veggie ndi wowonjezera kutentha, ndikungotaya moto kwambiri kudzera pachivundikiro chake komanso kusakhalapo kwathunthu kothekera kwakuti kuzisunga (kutentha). Kodi izi zimatsogolera ku chiyani? Zachidziwikire, pakusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha masana ndi usiku, kapena tsiku lotentha ladzuwa m'malo mwake mwadzidzidzi pamakhala mitambo ndi mvula.

Vuto lachitatu laumbili wobiriwira ndi mpweya wabwino wowongolera, womwe umangofunikira m'chilimwe kuti "ukonzenso" kutentha kowonjezera ndikulemeretsa nyumbayo mkati ndi mpweya watsopano. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wotere, kuphatikiza kutentha, umaperekanso mpweya woipa, womwe umafunikira pakudya kwa chomera, komanso gawo lalikulu la nayitrogeni ndi chinyezi, chomwe masamba amtunduwu anali atatsegulidwa nthawi imeneyo, chifukwa chake wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kuthirira kosalekeza kwa mbewu zomwe zimakulamo.

Kodi zonsezi zimathetsedwa bwanji ku veggie?

Wamasamba amayendetsa vuto loyambirira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera. Zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamalo otsetsereka, ndikuyenda mozama kwa 14-16 mpaka 18-19 madigiri, ndipo malo otsetsereka amatha kukhala ochokera ku chilengedwe kapena opangidwa mwaluso. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zotsetsereka zochokera kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Kupitilira - padenga, imapangidwa kuti ikhale lathyathyathya, yosasanjika kapena yosanja, ngati nyumba yobiriwira, ndipo yokutidwa ndi polycarbonate, popeza amasunga kutentha kuposa zinthu zina. Zotsatira zake, kuwala kwa dzuwa pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumagwa mosazindikira ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ochepa.

Ngati tingayerekeze kapangidwe ka msipu ndi masamba wamba, zimapezeka kuti kupatsidwa mphamvu ndi masamba kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa komweko, nthawi zosachepera katatu pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe komanso nthawi zosachepera 15 - m'mawa ndi nthawi yamadzulo nthawi yophukira, kasupe ndi nthawi yachisanu.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo opangira masamba, khoma limodzi liyenera kukhala likulu, ngakhale mutha kugwiritsa ntchito, titi, khoma la nyumba, makhoma ena ayeneranso kupangidwa ndi polycarbonate. Khoma lalikulu, lomwe limapezeka mkati mwa masamba, limapakidwa utoto loyera kapena loyera, kapena wopaka bwino utoto wamafuta. Kanemayo (wopaka utoto, wowotcha nsalu) amakhala ngati wowunikira ndipo amatha kugwira bwino ntchito dzuwa likakhala kuti lili kumwamba, ndiye kuti m'mawa, madzulo komanso nthawi yozizira. Zikuwoneka ngati zopepuka, koma mwayiwu ukhoza kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa panthaka panthawiyi.

Ndipo mavuto wachiwiri ndi wachitatu amawathetsa bwanji? Amathetsedwa chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa mpweya komanso kusinthana kwa kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, pansi pa nthaka munthaka yotalika masentimita makumi atatu, pafupifupi theka la mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, muyenera kuyika machubu apulasitiki pamphepete mwa veggie (kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kwa masamba). Malekezero apansi a machubu awa ayenera kuwonekera pamwamba ndi okutidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena thumba lachitsulo kuti zinyalala zisalowe m'mipope. Malekezero apamwamba a machubu (mbali yakumpoto) ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi osonkhetsa amodzi omwe amapezeka mosinthasintha. Chitoliro chowongolera chiyenera kuchokera kwa okhometsa, ndiko kuti, chowukitsira chomwe chingayikidwe khoma lalikulu la masamba. Chitoliro ichi, ndiye kuti, chowonjezerapo, chimayenera kupita padenga, komabe, osati mwachindunji, koma mutadutsa m'chipinda chosinthira. Kamera iyi iyenera kutsegulidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha pafupi kutalika kwa mita ndi theka. Kamera iyi imangokhala ndi zotsekera zomwe zimakhala pamwamba komanso pansi, ndipo kutuluka kupita ku greenhouse kumatha ndi fan.

M'chilimwe, kugwiritsa ntchito choko wamba, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupentera padenga, ndipo chimathandizo chanyumba chanyumba champhamvu chokhala ndi magetsi awiri ma watts, ma payipi awiri okhala ndi mainchesi mpaka ma sentimita khumi amatha kutumikiridwa. Pomwe pali mapaipi ochulukirapo mu veggie, ndikofunikira kupanga zowonjezera zowonjezera ndikuwapatsanso mafani kapena kupanga chipinda chimodzi chosinthira momwe mungalowere mapaipi onse, koma mubweretse chipinda chimodzi chodziwika bwino.

Chida choterocho cha masamba chimayenera kupereka kutentha kwambiri m'nyumba, ngakhale kukuzizira kunja. Mwachitsanzo, pamtunda wakunja wa -10 madigiri mkati mwa veggie akuyenera kukhala kotentha ndipo kutentha kuyenera kufika madigiri 17-19 kuposa zero. Nthawi yomweyo, chofunda cham'chipindacho chimayenera kutsekedwa, fanayo imalowetsa mpweya m'mapaipi ndikuyendetsa ndikuwongolera, ndipo mpweya umasinthira kutentha m'nthaka, kudutsamo. Mphepo, yomwe nthawi yomweyo imazizira, imayamba kukokeranso mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikusinthanso. Masana, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwawoko, nthaka iyenera kutentha mpaka madigiri 25 kapena kupitirira pamenepo, ndiye nthaka yomwe idzasewera gawo lodzikundikira, lomwe (monga momwe limakhazikidwira) liyenera kukhala lokwanira usiku wonse. Usiku, fanayo imapota ndikuwotcha kutentha kuchokera m'nthaka kulowa mumlengalenga wa veggie potenthetsera mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Mwanjira, zonse zitha kuwoneka zosokoneza komanso zovuta, koma zenizeni ndizachidziwikire, tiyeni tiyesetse kukonza zinthuzo ndikuyankhula za dongosolo la veggie mwadongosolo.

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambire ndi mawonekedwe. M'malo mwake, imafanana ndi nyumba yanyengo yokhazikika yokhoma khomo, yomwe ilipo yambiri, ndipo imapezeka kawirikawiri m'minda yamaluwa. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zobiriwira ndi veggie kumayambira mkatikati. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kamasamba, kuphatikiza ndi kupezeka kwapadera kwa mpweya komwe timakambirana, sikutanthauza kutentha kwina pamene kutentha kunja kwazenera kumatsikira madigiri khumi pansi pa ziro, i.e. Kutentha kumeneku, kunja kwa veggie, kutentha, monga momwe anakonzera, kuyenera kukhala madigiri awiri pamwamba pa ziro. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kumatsikira kunja, mkati mwa veggie, kutentha kudzachepa.

Chotsatira ndi njira yapadera yoyendetsera mpweya, yomwe imalola kuti mpweya usatilowe m'malo momwe timazolowera. Chifukwa chake, monga tanena kale, zamasamba sizitaya chinyontho, nayitrogeni ndi kaboni dayokili zofunika pakulima ndi kukula kwa mbewu, ndipo sizingatheke kuthirira mbewu zamasamba.

Ndi izi zikuwonekeratu, timapitilira kumabedi mu zamasamba. Iwo mnyumba ino, mosiyana ndi nyumba yobiriwira, amakhala pamasitepe, pang'onopang'ono akukwera kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto. Mabediwo akhoza kumangidwa ndi njerwa, matabwa amatabwa kapena ma sheet zitsulo. Ndondomeko yamabedi iyi yomwe singalole kuti chomera chilichonse chisaonane. Kunja, izi zikufanana ndi mipando yaku kanema, komwe mzere uliwonse wotsatira umakhala wokwera kuposa woyamba, chifukwa chake owonera samasokoneza mzake, ndipo mumasamba omwe mumadya ndiwo zamasamba - (mulandire mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kuwala). Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe oterowo a mabedi mumasamba amalola kuti muchepetse kuwunika kwa dzuwa, chifukwa chake, zotayika sizikhala zochepa. Mabedi pawokha amawachita bwino kupendekera, koma timizere tating'ono totsalira. Ngati mukukula mbewu zazitali, tinene, tomato, nkhaka ndi zina, ndiye kuti musaiwale kupanga trellises. Potere, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda wawukulu pakati pa mabedi kuti trellis isapange mthunzi, ndiye kuti kutalika kwa mbewuyo pakokha kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kapena kothamanga kuposa malo otsetsereka.

Zachidziwikire, ngati chithunzithunzi chozizira kapena chisanu chikuyamba kuyenda mumsewu, msipu sutha kukhalabe ndi kutentha okwanira, kungokhala wopanda malo oti muchokerako, chotenthetsera wamba chidzafunika kuti chikhale chogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti veggie igwiritsike ntchito chaka chonse.

Tanena za ulimi wothirira: wamasamba amafunikira madzi pang'ono. Kuti mbewu zitha kulandira chinyezi chokwanira mumasamba, ndikofunikira kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithe kugwiritsa ntchito chinyezi cha dothi komanso chinyezi. Kutola kwanyengo kumathandizira dongosolo lopangidwa mwapadera, lomwe lili ndi cholinga ichi. Ndi makina owongolera mpweya, omwe tidalankhulapo pamwambapa. Zinagona kale ndipo dothi ziziikidwa m'tsogolo. Mapaipi amapatsidwa mabowo m'munsi mwake (gawo lakumunsi) lopangidwa motalikirana pafupifupi 18-22 cm kuchokera kwa wina. Mphepo yomwe imayenda m'mapaipi awa, poyambirira kukhala yotentha, imatsogolera pakupangidwe kwa condensation pamakoma a mapayipi awa. Madziwo amalowa mu dothi kudzera m'maenje kenako amamuzika ndi mizu ya mbewuzo. Kuti chinyezi chitha kugawidwa monga momwe tingathere pamwamba pa dothi pansi pa mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuyika dongo lokwanira poyamba.

Chifukwa chake, ngati kufalikira kwa mpweya wofunda kuli kosalekeza, pamenepo, malinga ndi wopanga, kuthirira kwowonjezera kuzomera zamasamba zidzafunika pang'ono, ndipo kumakhala kotsika. Kuphatikiza pa kupulumutsa kwakukulu pachinyontho komanso pa nthawi yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira, chinyezi chomwe chimapangidwa motere chimakhalanso chachikulu kwambiri. Madzi ochokera ku condensate alibe mchere, wopanda mandimu, ndiye kuti, ndi ofewa ndipo, kuwonjezera, amadzaza ndi ammonia, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera pakuwola kwa mankhwala okhala ndi organic.

Pokhapokha ngati ulimi wothirira madzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza nthaka ndikutulutsa chinyezi ku mbewu, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza otsalira pokhapokha ngati mpweya wabwino ukugwira ntchito. Chinyengo ichi sichingalole kunyowa kwambiri. Njira yothirira kotero imakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pazomera zomera.

Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mukathirira mu njira yachikhalidwe, ndiye kuti, mwa kukonkha kapena kuthilira pansi pa muzu, madzi akamagwera panthaka, gawo lina, nthawi zambiri limakhala lalikulu, limatulutsa mphamvu mwachangu, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa chinyezi chochulukirapo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi munthawi yomweyo kufa ndi ludzu kwamizu . Pazomera zamasamba, chinyezi chimadza kumizu makamaka kuchokera pakuzama kwadothi, izi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu (ndipo, chifukwa chake, unyinji pamtunda, zipatso), sizimalola kutuluka, ndipo kuthirira madzi akumwa ndi mtundu wina wowonjezera, kupereka chinyezi m'nthaka yaying'ono kuchuluka komanso popanda kuyambitsa chinyezi cha mlengalenga muzamasamba.

Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti, kwenikweni, msipu ndi wobiriwira womwewo, koma wa mtundu wotsekedwa, wa kapangidwe kenakake, komwe kamakupatsani mwayi wopeza mphamvu yayikulu yamphamvu yoyendera dzuwa, ndi makina owongolera mpweya omwe salola kuti madzi ndi zinthu zofunika kuti mbewu zitulutsidwe kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha kudula kwina. , komanso ndi dothi lonyowetsa nthaka, lomwe, limapangidwira mu mpweya wabwino, womwe umapulumutsanso madzi ndipo suthandizira kuthirira kwamadzi.

Zachidziwikire, si aliyense amene angamange izi patsamba lawo, ndipo ngakhale pa intaneti palibe kutsutsana pa kutheka kwa kapangidwe koteroko, koma ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuti mutsimikizire kuchokera pazomwe mumakumana nazo pazabwino zonse za veggie, ndipo mwina mupeza zosowa. Ndikufuna kwambiri kumva mu ndemanga zanu za zomwe wamaluwa akuganiza za izi.