Currant ndi vitamini kuchokera ku chitsamba!

Currant ndi mabulosi azaumoyo! Kodi mukudziwa kuti zosowa za munthu tsiku lililonse za Vitamini C zimatha kukhutitsidwa ndikudya zipatso za 3540 zokha zakuda? Ndipo zakuti vitamini E, yemwenso ndi wolemera mumapulasitiki, imatchedwa vitamini yaunyamata? Komanso za mfundo yoti mu ma cury amphamvu phytoncides amapezeka kuti amapha ma virus angapo, makamaka kachilombo ka fuluwenza? Ndikupezeka kuti m'minda yathu simangokhala ma tchire okoma, omwe timaphika kupanikizana, koma chilengedwe chonse mankhwala.

Blackcurrant. © mako

CurrantChilatini - Ziphuphu. Mitundu ya mbewu kuchokera ku banja lachipatso cha monotypic gooseberry (Grossulariaceae). Mulinso mitundu pafupifupi 150. Pafupifupi mitundu 50 ndiyofala ku Europe, Asia ndi North America, ndipo zina zimatsikira kumwera kwa kontrakitala kumapiri a Andes kupita ku Strait of Magellan.

Mu chigwa cha Europe ku Russia pali mitundu itatu yamtchire, ku Caucasus - 6, ambiri a iwo amakulira ku Siberia, makamaka Kum'mawa.

Red currant. © Anita Martinz

Tikufika

Mbande za currant zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka zingabzalidwe zonse mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira, koma ndibwino kuti muchite izi zonse chimodzimodzi mu nthawi yophukira (njira yapakati - mu theka loyambirira la Okutobala). M'nyengo yozizira, dothi lozungulira tchire limakhazikika ndipo limakhazikika, nthawi yophukira mbewu imayamba kumeraku ndikuzika bwino. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbande mumbale, palibe malamulo oletsa kubzala.

Nthawi zambiri, tchire lopindika limabzalidwa patali pa 1-1.25 m. Kuti tipeze zokolola mchaka cha 2-3, mbewu motsatira zitha kubzalidwa denser pang'ono, pamtunda wa 0,7-0.8 m. chiyembekezo chamoyo chikuchepera.

Currant ndi ya hygroscopic komanso yokhala ndi mthunzi-wolozeka, koma siyololera mwamphamvu shading. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti isunthidwe ndikuchepetsedwa, yothinitsidwa, yoyatsidwa mokwanira komanso yotetezedwa ku malo amphepo (koma osakhala madambo okhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka!). Zabwino koposa zonse ndizowonda zopepuka. Blackcurrant siimakula bwino pamadothi acidic.

Pamalo osankhidwa, ndikofunikira kusunthira dothi kuti pasakhale ma depressions akuya ndi maenje. Ndiye ndibwino kukumba pachikuto cha fosholo, ndikuchotsa mosamala maudzu ofunda. Dzenje lobzala lakuya masentimita 35 mpaka 40 ndi mainchesi 50-60 masentimita amadzaza mpaka 3/4 yakuya ndi nthaka yachonde yosakanizidwa ndi feteleza - ndowa ya kompositi, superphosphate (150-200 g), potaziyamu sulfate (40-60 g) kapena nkhuni phulusa (30-40 g). Mizu ya mmera imayenera kukhala yolumikizidwa, kukhala ndi mizu ya chigoba ya 3-5 yotalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mbali ya mlengalenga imakhala ndi nthambi imodzi kapena ziwiri 30 cm. khosi. Musanadzaze dzenje, theka la ndowa limatsanuliramo, ndowa ina - mundawo. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo mulch pamwamba ndi peat. Nthaka pansi pa currant imamasulidwa: kufupi ndi muzu wamizu mpaka akuya masentimita 6 mpaka 6, 6. mulching, chinyezi chimasungidwa bwino, ndipo kumasula kumatha kukhala kochepa.

Mu nthawi yophukira, dothi lolemera lomwe lili pansi pa tchire limakumbidwa osaya ndipo ladzalira chifukwa cha dzinja kuti likhale chinyezi. Ngati dothi ndilopepuka komanso lotayirira, mutha kudzipatula kuti muchepetse tchuthi (mpaka 5-8 cm) pafupi ndi tchire, ndikukumba mizere pakati pa mizere ndi 10-12 cm.

White currant. © mako

Khalenda yantchito

Yophukira

Gooseberries ndi currants ali bwino obzala mu kugwa. Mbali yotere.

Konzekerani malo oti adzafike pasadakhale. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo abwino. Timakumba dzenje osachepera masentimita makumi anayi, ndikuwonjezera zinthu zopangira (nthambi, masamba, mapepala zinyalala, kompositi, phulusa lamatabwa) pansi, kuwonjezera feteleza za organic ndi mchere. Sankhani mmera wokhala ndi mphukira imodzi yayitali ndikuwubzala mu dzenje pakadutsa 30, ndikuti kumtunda kumayang'aniridwa kumalo omwe kuli dzuwa. Timayang'ana pamwamba, ndikusiya impso 1-3 pamtunda. Kudulira kumathandizira kudzutsidwa ndi kukula kwa impso kugona. Mtunda pakati pa mbande umachitika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi.

Chaka choyamba.

M'dzinja, mwa mphukira zonse za ziro zomwe zimamera nthawi yachilimwe (tiyeni tizitcha funde loyamba), timasiya zitatu kapena zinayi zamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, tidadula nsonga za iwo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maonekedwe a nthambi zoyambirira azilowa iwo nyengo yotsatila. Ndipo timayika mphukira yakum'mwera mwamphamvu kwambiri mu poyambira - idzakhala maziko a funde lachiwiri. Pamwambapa pomwe pali impso ziwiri zatsala pamwamba pa nthaka.

Chaka chachiwiri.

M'nyengo yotentha, pa zero mphukira ya funde loyamba, nthambi zoyamba zimamera, pomwe m'dzinja timachotsanso mfundo zazikulupo. Mphepo zowonda zochepa za funde lachiwiri, ndikusiya anayi okha, komanso amphamvu kwambiri, monga chaka chatha, timapinda ndikukhomera poyambira. Chaka chamawa, funde lachitatu lidzapangika kuchokera pamenepo. Zipatso ndizochepa.

Chaka chachitatu.

Timalandira mbewu zabwino panthambi zoyambirira, chotsani nthambi za gawo lachiwiri ndi zero mphukira yachitatu. Timapinda ndikumenyetsa kuthawa kwakum'mwera kwa m'badwo wotsatira.

Chaka chachinayi.

Timalandanso mbeu yachiwiri pa nthambi za funde loyamba ndi mbeu yoyamba pa nthambi zachiwiri. Mu nthawi yophukira, tinadula chitsamba chonse cha funde loyamba pansi pa muzu, ndikuchotsa mfundo zofunikira pakukula pamafunde amkati ndikugwetsa mphukira yotsatira.

Chaka chachisanu.

Timalandira chachiwiri kuchokera ku fundi lachiwiri ndi mbewu yoyamba kuchokera lachitatu. Mu nthawi yophukira, tinadula chitsamba chachiwiri chokhazikitsidwa ndi muzu, ndikuchotsa mizera yakukula pa mafunde achinayi ndi achisanu, ndikudina kuwombera kotsatira. Timakumba mizu ya funde loyamba, ndikupanga malo azikhalidwe zina.

Zipatso za blackcurrant. © Egan Chipale

Chisamaliro

Kulanda.

Kuti tipeze dothi labwino kwambiri lamadzimadzi, dothi liyenera kusungidwa osakhala lopanda udzu komanso lopanda udzu. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira tchire, limamasulidwa ndikofunikira (moyenera kamodzi pamasabata awiri ndi atatu), kuletsa mapangidwe a kutumphuka ndi kukula kwa namsongole, kamene kamaphwetse pansi.

Yogwiritsa ntchito mizu ya currants ili kumtunda, nthaka yopanda michere panthaka. Pofuna kuti musawononge mizu, muimasuleni mosamala pafupi tchire, mpaka pakuya kupitirira masentimita 6-8.Mutali wotalikirapo kuchokera patchire kapena pakati pa mizere, kumasula kapena kukumba mpaka kukuya kwa masentimita 10-12. Chinyontho chimasungidwa bwino ngati nthaka yozungulira tchire itadzaza ndi organic. zakuthupi (peat). Pankhaniyi, imatha kumasulidwa pafupipafupi.

Mu nthawi yophukira, dothi lolemera lozama limakumbidwa pansi pa tchire ndikusiyidwa nthawi yachisanu kuti chinyontho chizisungika bwino, kukumba pakati pa tchire ndi mizere mpaka akufika masentimita 10-12. Ngati dothi ndilapepuka komanso lotayirira, mutha kumata malire mpaka kulowa masentimita 5-8 tchire. Popewa kuwononga mizu, mafoloko akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba.

Kuthirira.

Currant ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe chake. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kukula kwa currant mu currant mbewu, ndipo pakupanga ndikudzaza zipatso, kuphwanya ndi kukhetsa. Nyengo yamvula nyengo yokolola ikatha, imatha kuziziritsa tchire, makamaka nyengo yamvula. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupereka ma currants ndi chinyezi mu magawo omaliza a chitukuko chake - munthawi ya kukula kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a ovary (kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June), pakupanga kwamchiberekero ndi kuthira zipatso (koyambirira kwa Juni - khumi oyambirira a Julayi) ndipo atakolola (mu Ogasiti - Seputembala). Zima nthawi yozizira zimafunikanso, makamaka nthawi yophukira yophukira. Nthaka imakhala yothira pamizere yakuya, ndipo pafupifupi masentimita 40-60. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi 30-50 malita pa lalikulu limodzi. m nthaka ya dothi.

Kuthirira, kulola madzi kudutsa mizere kapena m'maluwa okhala ndi kuya kwa 15 cm, komwe kumachitika mozungulira tchire mtunda wa 30-40 cm kuchokera ku nthambi za chitsamba.

Kudulira.

Zochulukirapo komanso nthawi zonse zipatso za curators zimatengera kwakukulu pamadongosolo azitsamba. Kuchita uku kumapangitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, zolimba kuchokera pansi pa chitsamba (amatchedwa zero basal mphukira, kapena mphukira za kukonzanso). M'zaka 3-4 zoyambirira, nthaka yochulukirapo imamera tchire, zaka 5-6 mutabzala, kudulira kumayamba. 4-5 nthambi zokhala pachaka chimodzi mpaka zinayi zatsala pachitsamba. Pa tchire lofiira currant kusiya nthambi 3-4 wazaka chimodzi mpaka zisanu. Kudulira ndi kupanga chitsamba kumayambika ukakolola. Ma curators amathanso kudulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kumapeto kwa masika.

Zipatso za zakuda zakuda ndi zofiira. © wlodi

Kuswana

M'madera amisita yamaluwa, ndibwino kufalitsa curators ndi lignified cuttings kapena yopingasa komanso ofukula layering.

Zodulidwa zodziwika bwino kuti zikufalitsidwe zimakololedwa koyambirira: kwa ma currants ofiira - kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndi theka loyamba la Seputembala, kwa curators akuda - kumapeto kwa Seputembala, pogwiritsa ntchito mphukira zamphamvu pachaka. Mbali zam'munsi ndi zotsika zokhala ndi impso zofooka zimachotsedwa. Zidula zotalika masentimita 18-20 zimadulidwa ndi secateurs. Akuwombera kachilombo ka mite impso, kozungulira, masamba otupa, amamizidwa m'madzi otentha pamtunda wa 45-46 madigiri kwa mphindi 15. Kenako amachotsedwa ndikuyika m'madzi ozizira kwa mphindi 5.

Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mumtsinje wokonzekereratu komanso wamadzi, pomwe pansi pake pamakhala chosanjikiza chotsekeredwa ndi humus kapena peat. Kuzama kwa kubzala chogwirira kumayenera kukhala kotero kuti palibe masamba opitilira awiri pamwamba pamtunda, ndipo mtunda uli wochokera pa 10 mpaka 15 sentimita. Padziko lapansi mozungulira ma cuttings a currant amakumbidwa bwino. Ngati mukufuna zakuthupi zambiri, ndiye kuti mtunda wotalika masentimita 50-60 kuchokera kumsewu woyamba, amakumba chachiwiri.

Ngati odulidwa abzalidwa pa nthawi, ndiye ngakhale isanayambike nyengo yozizira, callus imawoneka (minofu yomwe imapangidwa muzomera m'malo owonongeka mwanjira ya kuchuluka ndipo imalimbikitsa machiritso) ndi mizu ya 0.5-2.0 cm. Maudzu obwezeretsanso ayenera kubzalidwa koyambirira, atatha kuwayimitsa kwa milungu iwiri mchipinda chonyowa kapena m'firiji pa kutentha koyenera. Pafupifupi sabata kapena awiri isanayambike chisanu, zodulidwa ziunjikidwa ndi peat ndi spud ndi lapansi ndi wosanjikiza kuposa masentimita 2-3. Chaka chotsatira, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe adzakhala osaphunzira. Thandizo linanso limakhala kuthilira, kumasula, kudula. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbande zabwino zimakula pofika nthawi yophukira, zomwe zimakumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati zinthu zodzala. Mutha kubzala mitengoyo nthawi yomweyo pamalo okhazikika, popeza mutawakonzekereratu, ndibwino kuti muzikhala ndi zodula ziwiri, kuti m'tsogolo chitsamba champhamvu chikapangidwe mwachangu.

Blackcurrant imafalikira bwino ndikayikika patali. Pazifukwa izi, tchire tating'ono, labala zipatso kwambiri amasankhidwa. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa tchire imachulukitsidwa bwino ndi humus. Pakatikati, tchire limadulidwa, nthambi za zipatso za 3-4 zimasiyidwa, ndipo zachikale ndi zofooka zimachotsedwa. Pambuyo kuchotsedwa mchaka chomwecho, masamba atsopano oyambira ofunda amapezeka pafupi ndi chitsamba. Chaka chotsatira, mu nthawi ya masika, masamba asanatseguke, amayikidwa m'makola oyambira 10cm ndikuzama mapini ndi matabwa kuti mphukira zimalumikizana ndi nthaka. Ndiye poyambira ndi mphukira amaphimbidwa ndi dothi lonyowa, lotayirira, ndikuwazidwa ndi humus, peat, mphesa amafinya pamwamba. Kuti zikule bwino ma currant mphukira, nsonga za nthambi zimafupikitsidwa.

Pakapita nthawi, mphukira zimawonekera pa nthambi iliyonse. Akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10-12, mvula ikagwa kapena kuthirira amasambira ndi dothi losakanikirana pakati ndi humus.

Mphukira zachichepere zolimba zimakulanso masentimita angapo 10-12, pambuyo pa masabata awiri atatu kubwezeretsa kumabwereza. M'nyengo yotentha, ngati pakufunika, dothi limathiriridwa, kumasulidwa ndikufafaniza namsongole. Mu lonyowa lotentha pamunsi pa achinyamata mphukira, owazidwa ndi lapansi, mizu imapangidwa. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mphukira zophukira zimakhala ndi mizu yabwino. Pakadali pano, zodulidwazo zimakumbidwa, kudula nthambi zokhazikitsidwa pansi pa chitsamba, ndikuzigawa magawo angapo kuti kudula kulikonse kumakhala ndi mizu ndi mphukira. Mbewu zomwe zimapezeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zodzala. Pofuna kuti muchepetse zipatso kuchokera ku chitsamba, zigawo zimamera pang'ono. Kuchokera pachitsamba chopatsa zipatso, mutha kupeza mbande 25-30.

Mukafalikira ndi zigawo zotsogola, zitsamba zamphamvu kwambiri zimasankhidwa. Chapakatikati amadulidwa. Mukadulira, mphukira zazing'ono zimamera, zomwe pamapeto a Meyi zimatulutsa mpaka theka ndi dothi lonyowa. Ndikwabwino kusakaniza dziko lapansi ndi humus kapena peat. Pakatha milungu iwiri, kubowoleza kumabwerezedwa ndipo pambuyo pake nthawi yomweyo kubwezeretsa kwachitatu kumachitika, komwe mulu wapadziko lapansi uyenera kukhala wokwanira masentimita 25 osachepera. Muluwu ndi wokulungira. M'nyengo yotentha, dziko lapansi limathirira, kumasulidwa, namsongole ndikuchotsa, ngati kuli kotheka, mulowanso.

Mukugwa, nthaka yozungulira tchire imakokedwa, mphukira yozulidwa imadulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala m'malo okhazikika. Mphukira zofowoka zakhazikitsidwa kuti zikule.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Magalasi Opindika

Glasshouse yamtengo wapatali imawononga mphukira za currant ndi jamu. Ngati muwona gulugufe wokhala ndi mapiko owonekera bwino, kumapeto kwake kuli mizere yopingasa ndi malire a lalanje, ndiye izi.

Amawulukira mu Meyi-Juni ndikuyika testicle imodzi pafupi ndi impso. Kukulitsa mbozi kudzera mu impso kudutsa mu mphukira, kudya nkhuni ndi pakati, kumayenda mkati. Mphukira zowonongeka ziuma ndipo zimazimiririka. Zimakhazikika pamalopo a mbozi zachikulire mkati mwa mphukira, ndipo zimasilira pamenepo.

Zizindikiro zamagalasi: Kukula kwakanthawi, maluwa ofooka, zipatso zimayamba kupsa Mbuyomu ngati tchire lanu lopindika limapumira kumapeto kwa maluwa komanso kumayambiriro kwa kucha, ndiye kuti zikuyenera kukuchenjezani. Kudula mphukira, kumeneko mutha kupeza yoyera ndi mbozi zakuda. Nthambi zonse zouma zimafunika kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.

Impso

Impso impso zimayambitsa kukula ndi kusinthika kwa masamba a currant. Masamba otupira, musatulutsa ndi kufota. Izi mbewa zimakwawa kuchokera mu dothi pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumafika madigiri 12 ndikulowa impso (mpaka 1 chikwi cha impso). Kuphatikiza apo, nkhusu imasinthira kachilombo ka masamba awiri; sipadzakhalanso chipatso pankhaniyi. Ndikofunika kudula ndikuwotcha nthambi zodwala, mulch tchire ndi dothi lakuya la msipu, udzu kapena zina kuti mulching tisataye.

Ma nsabwe

Kachilombo ka aphid kamatulutsa maluwa nawonso. Amabisala pafupi ndi impso ndipo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pano si kuphonya kubala kwawo kochulukirapo. Maluwa achichepere akangoyamba kukula, yang'anani mosamala masamba ndikupezeka kuti pali ntchentche yaying'ono (iyi ndi chiberekero), nadzatsuka ndi sopo yankho la pamwamba. Pambuyo pakukulitsa minofu, nsabwe za m'masamba sizilowereranso (iye amangokonda tating'ono tating'ono).

Nyerere, zomwe zimakhazikika pa nsabwe za m'masamba, zimatha kuchita mantha poyala mphukira mumiyala kapena popanga malamba osakira opanda guluu paz mitengo.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew imawonekeranso pazitsamba zazing'ono. Apa, choyambirira, muyenera kutsuka ndi sopo wamadzi (chidutswa cha sopo ochapira pachidebe) kapena phulusa la sopo (1 makilogalamu phulusa loyera limasukitsidwa mu malita 10 a madzi otentha pang'ono, amalimbikira kwa masiku 7-10, osangalatsa nthawi zina 40-50 g amawonjezeredwa musanavule. kuchapa sopo). Mutha kuwaza tchire la raspberries odwala, gooseberries, wakuda currants ndi phulusa. Ndipo nayi Chinsinsi china: pakati pa chitsamba mu nthawi ya masika ikani manyowa atsopano, ammonia kuchokera kwa iye amayamba kutuluka ndikukuteteza ku causative wothandizila wa powdery mildew (chifukwa chodalirika, amathanso manyowa - kutsanulira manyowa owola ndi madzi (1: 3), kunena masiku atatu, kuthira ndi madzi (1: 3).

Mutha kuwaza tchire ndi kulowetsedwa kwa msipu (1 makilogalamu a msipu kumathiridwa ndi malita atatu amadzi ndikuthiriridwa kwa masiku atatu, ndiye kumasefedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa malita atatu a madzi, kupopera mankhwalawa kumachitika mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa masiku 5-7 kangapo). Fitosporin, mankhwala ozikidwa pa chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya omwe amatetezanso ku matenda ena oyamba ndi bakiteriya, amathandizanso.

Njira ina yotchuka: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Whey ndi kvass ya mkate (1/3 ya malita atatu a mkate wa rye kumadzaza madzi + supuni zitatu za shuga. 1 lita imodzi yamtunduwu wa kvass imayikidwa mu ndowa ndi madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi powdery mildew).

Bowa, causative wothandizila wa powdery mildew, amabisala pa zipatso zakugwa, masamba ndi mphukira zophukira, kotero ayenera kuchotsedwa. Muyeneranso kudula mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew kumayambiriro kwamasika.

Gooseberry moth

Jamu, zipatso zofiira ndi zakuda zimakwiyitsidwa ndi njenjete za jamu. Mitundu yoyera, kenako zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira zotalika 11 mm zimadya nyama ndi zipatso, zomwe zimabisala msanga. Nthawi zambiri masamba ndi zipatso zambiri zimalowa mu intaneti. Agulugufe okhala ndi mapiko amaso amaso amaso akutsogolo ndikuwonekera mumizu yakuda chifukwa cha maluwa.

Ana agalu amachoka m'dzinja kuti akagone, choncho mulching pansi pa tchire ndi mulch wosanjikiza (pafupifupi 12 cm) amathandizira pano - masika satuluka m'nthaka. Muyeneranso kuwononga zipatso zomwe muli ndi matenda ndikuwaza mbewuzo ndi decoction wa stepons ndi matako a phwetekere (4 makilogalamu a nsonga zithupsa mu ndowa 1 yamadzi pa moto wochepa, kupsyinjika ndi kuwonjezera 40 g wa sopo ku 3 malita a msuzi).