Mwa anthu okhala m'mabedi am'munda, maungu samakhala malo omalizira kutchuka, koma pankhani ya chisamaliro chosavuta ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, alibe wolingana. Mwina ndichifukwa chake wamaluwa nthawi zambiri samalabadira mwachikhalidwe, kulola kukula ndi kutalika kwa mbewu zamphamvu kumatha.
Zotsatira zake, chifukwa chopukutira mungu kapena zolakwika posamalira, mbewuyo siochulukirapo monga momwe mungafunire. Zipatso sizikondweretsa ndi kukoma, zowola pa siteji ya ovary ndipo sizisungidwa bwino.
Kodi kukulitsa dzungu lomwe lingakhale lokoma kwambiri? Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusamalira mbewu? Ndipo ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe muyenera kutchera khutu kwambiri mukawona momwe dzungu limakulira?
Kukongoletsa zochitika
Dzungu limakhala lokoma bwanji komanso labuluu pomwe limakhazikika pamalo ake lidzakhala, makamaka, kutengera mbewu zosankhidwa kufesa ndi kukonzekera zomwe zidzadutsamo zisanafesere.
Mbewu zopezeka m'minda yanu m'minda yanu ziyenera kutemphedwa musanadzale, kupha tizilombo toononga matenda ndi tizirombo ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. M'madzi, mbewu zimakhala mpaka mphindi 30. Pambuyo pake, mbewu yothandiza imasankhidwa ndikumiza 25% mchere wa solution:
- Mbewu zopanda kanthu, zokhwima bwino zomwe zimadzigulitsa zokha, zimayandama pamwamba.
- Kumizidwa - okonzeka kupereka mphukira zazikuluzabwino.
Mbewu zathanzi zabwino zimatsukidwa m'madzi oyera ndi pafupifupi maola atatu, zouma ndi kutentha kwa 55-60 ° C ndikuyika thovu kwa maola 18-24.
Momwe dzungu limakulira: zofunikira ndi mawonekedwe
Kuti akhazikitse dzungu lokoma kwambiri pamasamba awo, ayenera kutsatira malamulo kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndi zofunikira zikhalidwe pamabedi. Monga lamulo, mbewu kuchokera ku banja la dzungu zimatha kubwerera ku nthawi yawo yobzala pokhapokha zaka 4-5. Ndipo mbewu yabwino kwambiri ikhoza kupezeka pobzala nyemba pambuyo pa nyemba kapena mtanda.
Momwe mungakulitsire dzungu m'khola lanyumba, ndimikhalidwe yotani yomwe ikufunika pachikhalidwe ichi? Maungu a mitundu yonse, kaya zukini, adang'ambika mu gawo lobiriwira, kapena mitundu yakucha yakucha ya mandimug, amafunikira kwambiri pazowunikira.
Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira kumachepera, mbewu zimatulutsidwa, chiopsezo cha matenda am'mimba, zowola ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimachuluka.
Pa gawo lakukula mwachangu, ndiye kuti, kuyambira pomwe mphukira yoyamba ikuwonekera masamba angapo enieni, mbewuzo ziyenera kuwululidwa pakuwala kuyambira maola 9 mpaka 10. Njirayi imabweretsa kufupi kwa maluwa achikazi. Ma mulingo woyenera kwambiri masana maola dzungu lobala zipatso ndi maola 10-12.
Kanema wonena za kukulitsa maungu panthaka imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zaukadaulo waulimi komanso zanzeru za kukulitsa mbeu yabwino iyi. M'mizu yanyumba, komwe nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthirira maungu pamalo otseguka, chikhalidwecho chimalimidwa paliponse, mpaka ma 3 mita mabedi.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zitunda zazitali kumathandizira ngakhale nyengo zovuta kuti zikhale zoyambirira komanso kuteteza zipatso kuti zisazizine nyengo yachisanu yozizira.
Pokwera mitundu ya maungu, mipata yayikulu pakati pa mbeu kuchokera pa 150 mpaka 300 cm ndiyofunikira.
Mitundu ya Shrub imakhala yolumikizana kwambiri ndipo sikutanthauza malo akuluakulu odyetsa zipatso, kotero mtunda pakati pa maungu pamenepa umachepetsedwa kukhala 70-100 cm.
Imodzi mwa njira zabwino zokulitsira maungu okoma, owuwoneka bwino patsamba lanu titha kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati mbande, osati mbewu, pobzala mosabisa. Ngati njere zofesedwa mumphika wa peat kapena mapiritsi akuluakulu, ikalowa mu dothi mizu sinavulazidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuyembekezera zokolola masabata 3-4 m'mbuyomu:
- Kubzala m'malo otseguka kumachitika pamene dothi latenthetsedwa bwino. Zukini ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya maungu owiritsa osokedwa amatengedwa ndikukula pamtunda wa 12-14 ° C.
- Ndipo dzungu lamatumbo a muscat lokonda kutentha kwambiri, dothi liyenera kutenthetsedwa mpaka 15-16 ° C.
Kusamalira Pumpkin Kunja
Kwa mbande, ngakhale zipatso zazifupi zimakhalapo zovunda pomwe kutentha m'nthaka kumatsikira pang'onopang'ono. Kukula kwabwinobwino ndi kapangidwe kazipatso, maungu amafunikira kutentha pakati pa 22-28 ° C. Mphepo ikazizira, kukula kwa mbewuyo kumacheperachepera, kuchuluka kwa maonekedwe a maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira kumachepa.
Kuteteza mbande zazing'ono ku mawonekedwe a nyengo osinthika koyambirira kwa chilimwe, kanema kapena chovala chothandizira chingakuthandizeni.
Kubzala mbewu kapena kubzala mbande kumachitika ndi zokutira zokulira pansi, momwe zimakhomera mtanda. Amakula akamakula. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa chakuchulukana chinyezi komanso kutentha kwa 4-5 ° C m'nthaka, dzungu limakula mwachangu ndikubereka zipatso mofunitsitsa. Kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito posamalira maungu.
Ngakhale mbewuzo ndizochepa, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isasokonoke komanso kuti kutumphuka kuswa chinyontho ndi mpweya. Monga gawo la kusamalira maungu, ndikofunikira kuti mulch danga pakati pa mbewu patimata ndi utuchi, mchenga, ngati dothi ndi dongo, kapena udzu. Pakubzala kwachiwiri, komwe kumachitika patatha masiku 30 zikumera, udzu umachotsedwa ndipo zophukira zomwe zidakulidwa zimayikidwa.
Kumasulira ndi kudula kumachitika mosavuta nthawi yomweyo ndi kuthirira, pamene mukumera nthaka siyenera kuzama mpaka masentimita 5-7, kuti isawononge mizu ya pansi.
Nthawi zambiri kuthilira dzungu panthaka?
Mizu ya dzungu idapangidwa mwanjira yoti ngakhale mu nyengo yowuma imatha kupatsa mbewuyo chofunikira chinyezi. Pofuna kupewa kuyimitsidwa kwa gawo lobiriwira, mulu wowoneka bwino wolimba wokhazikika wachichepere, kudula, masamba ndi masamba pang'ono amaluwa kumathandiza.
Komabe, chikhalidwechi chimafuna chinyezi chambiri, komanso dongosolo la kuthirira osowa koma ochulukirapo liyenera kugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mbewuyo ndi chisamaliro chodzala maungu. Pamaso totsegulira koyamba ndi kotupa, kutengera nyengo, maungu amathiridwa madzi kamodzi kapena kawiri. Ndipo amapuma yopuma kwa milungu iwiri iwiri kuti amalimbikitse kupanga mizu ndi kukula.
Maluwa achikazi akangowonekera pazomera, ndipo mapangidwe zipatso amayamba, kuthirira dzungu nthawi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, patatha masiku 7 - 7.
Njirayi imasungidwa mpaka maungu amathiridwa ndikuwonjezeredwa kukula kwake. Mu Ogasiti, maungu amathirira amayamba kuchepa. Izi zimapangidwira kuti zipatsozi ziunjikire shuga ndikupanga khungwa lolimba, lomwe limatha kupirira chisanu. Kuwona momwe dzungu limakulira, masiku 20-25 asanakolole, kuthilira kumatha.
Zotsatira zake, pakukula, maungu amathiriridwa maulendo 5 mpaka 10. Kuvala kwapamwamba, kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira, kumachitika nthawi yoyamba kubwezeretsa, nthawi yamaluwa pazomera komanso kumayambiriro kwa kupangika kwa ovary.
Mafuta amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, akusinthana ndi organics. Zomera zimawonetsa bwino, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi dothi losauka, podyetsa ndi phulusa, kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba ndi kusamalira maungu nthawi zonse.
Chifukwa chiyani dzungu limawola pabedi?
Maluwa akutulutsa pakatha masiku 50-55 atamera. Maluwa aamuna ndi oyamba kutsegula pazomera, zomwe zikukwera mitundu zimafikira 90% ya zonse, ndipo pafupifupi 50-60% m'matungu azitsamba. Ngati mungayang'ane momwe maungu amakulira, maluwa achikazi, pambuyo pakupukusidwa komwe mawonekedwe a ovary, amatha kuwonekera patangotha masiku 7-10 patatha maluwa amphongo.
Popeza maungu amapukutidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a tizilombo, pansi pazovuta, mwachitsanzo, nyengo yozizira, yamvula kapena yamphepo, kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa mungu kuchokera ku duwa lomwe limangokhala tsiku limodzi kupita ku duwa lina kumatsika kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, kupukutira sikuchitika konse, kapena ovary yofooka imafa ndi corolla ya duwa.
Nthawi zina, ichi ndi chifukwa chake maungu amawola m'munda ndi zipatso zimachepa. Konzetsani vutoli pochita ma pollination. Kuti muchite izi, ma petals amachotsedwa mosamala ku maluwa amphongo achimuna ndipo mungu umasinthidwa kukhala duwa lachikazi ndi mayendedwe odekha. Ndikofunika kuchita izi m'mawa, kuteteza mungu ku chinyezi.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amadziwa kuti kuchotsa kwa maluwa osachedwa bwino ndi mazira osasinthika kumathandiza kuteteza mbewu kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi tizirombo komanso kukula kwa mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse zipatso zomwe zapsa kale.
Maungu salekerera kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka. Chifukwa chake, thanzi la mbewu ndi zipatso zimatengera kangati kuthilira dzungu panthaka. Zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri ngati zipatso zomwe zayamba kale kulemera zagona panthaka lozizira komanso lonyowa m'masiku a mvula. Pansi pa maungu oterowo, muyenera kuyala mabala olimba, osagwira chinyontho osavulaza makungwa.
Kukanikiza maungu panthaka
Chomwe chimapangitsa maungu kuvunda pamabedi chimatha kukhala chochulukirapo kubzala, ndipo pamitengo yamtchire pamakhala thumba losunga mazira lomwe limalepheretsa wina ndi mnzake kukula.
Kuti muwononge maungu, kuti mupeze kulowa bwino kwa mpweya ndi kuwala kwa magawo onse a mbewu, komanso kuti mulimbikitse kupsa kwa zipatso zopangidwa kale, chikhalidwecho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Mitundu ya Shrub sifunikira kupanga. Potere, amangochotsa ovary yowonjezera, ndikusiya zipatso za 3-4 pamtengowo, ndikuonetsetsa kuti maluwa osokonekera sayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa tsinde, tsinde ndi zipatso.
Potseguka, kudina maungu a mitundu yokweza kumachitika mu Julayi, pomwe ma spelling a 1-2 masentimita 10 apezeka pamiyendo. Kubowako kumafupikitsidwa kudzera masamba a 4-6 pambuyo pomaliza zipatso. Katundu wokwera kwambiri kuthengo amawerengedwa potengera mawonekedwe a mitundu komanso kulemera kwa maungu. Nthawi zambiri, zipatsozo zikamakula, zimakhala zochepa kuti mbewuzo zikapanikizidwa poyera.
Mphukira zonse, zopanda kanthu zimadulidwa, ndipo ndi okhawo okhawo olimba kwambiri omwe atsala kuchokera kumphepete mwa mbali, akufupikitsa mpaka 50 cm.
Kuti muwonjezere kukula kwa maungu, thandizo lina, komanso kukanikiza pakati, maapozi angapo obowoleza amawaza ndi dothi ndikunyowa. Pambuyo masiku 8-10, mizu yolimba imapangidwa pansi pa nthaka yomwe imakulitsa chikwapu. Muyezo wotere ungateteze mbewu ku mphepo, zikwapu ndi zipatso kuti zisawonongeke.
