Kubwezeretsa kwa Rhododendron

Muyezo wokongoletsera komanso maluwa, maluwa okongola kwambiri opanga maluwa ambiri olima masamba ndi loto chabe. Kutchuka kwa chomera chokhacho kwadzetsa mphekesera zambiri za zovuta za kukula, komanso kulimba kwa nyengo yozizira, komanso kusinthasintha bwino ndi machitidwe apakati. Ndipo palibe iliyonse yamabodza awa yomwe ili ndi zifukwa zomveka, ngati nthano kuti ma rhododendrons sangathe kufalitsa nokha. Rhododendrons imatha kudulidwa kuchokera kudulidwe, kutikita, ngakhalenso mbewu, kulandira chithokomiro chamaluwa chamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma rhododendrons ndiyabwino kwambiri kuti kuwonjezera pa "kumwera" komwe kuli mitundu yambiri ndi masauzande amitundu omwe amatha kusinthidwa bwino kuti azilimidwa kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Pakati pa ma rhododendrons palinso mitundu yotere yomwe imamva bwino kumpoto kwa malo amtunda wapakati. Zokhala zazitali, zazing'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma zokongola zosasinthika, zitsamba izi ndiye mtundu wa kukongola. Masamba amdima akhungu amaoneka ngati korona wakuda, wowoneka bwino, yemwe mitambo yamaluwa yapinki, yoyera, yofiyira kapena yofiirira imayamba kuphukira ndi mvula.

Maonekedwe apamwamba a rhododendrons amalungamitsa kwathunthu mitengo yokwera kubzala. Rhododendrons ndi amodzi mwa mitengo yotsika mtengo ya mbande, koma kugula kulikonse kumasintha kukhala kosangalatsa kwa zaka zambiri komanso kusankha mosamala kukula komwe kumalipira. Ngakhale zazing'onozing'ono, mbewu zazing'ono ndizodula kwambiri kuposa mitundu yamaluwa odziwika bwino. Pali njira imodzi yokha yopulumutsira ndalama kapena kupeza zochulukitsa zambiri zokhala ndi ndalama zochepa - kuchita nawo mtundu wa Rhododendrons.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa ma rhododendrons sikuti konse kunali kovuta. Zachidziwikire, chifukwa chakuti chitsamba sichitha kutchedwa kuti chikukula mwachangu, muyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti mukwaniritse kukongoletsa kwambiri kuposa kugula mbande zazing'ono "zopangidwa kale". Koma pamenepo mbewu zidzasinthidwa bwino ndi momwe zimakhalira m'munda mwanu, zimadabwitsidwa chifukwa chowonjezereka komanso kusachita bwino.

Mwayi wakusankha njira zofalitsira ma Rhododendrons amatsimikiza ndi zomwe zimagwidwa ndi mbewuzo. Mitundu, kapena ma rhododendrons, atha kufalikira ndikufalikira kwa njere. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka yamakono ndi mitundu yatsopano, nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuphatikiza ndipo imalimbikitsidwa kuti ingodziyendera njira zamasamba.

Njira zofalitsira za Rhododendron:

1. Kufesa mbewu za mbande zokulira mumipanda kwa zaka zingapo.
2. Kudula.
3. Kuyika.

Njira zina ndi:

• kulekanitsa tchire lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zakale, zomwe zimakula kwambiri;
• Katemera wa kudula kwa osowa mitundu m'matumba a dzinja-olimba ndi yolimba rhododendrons.

Kufalikira kwa rhododendrons ndi odulidwa

Ngakhale kuti ma rhododendrons amadziwika kuti ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono, palibe zovuta zina zomwe zimachitika pakulunzanitsa. Mphukira imamera m'miyezi ingapo molingana ndi njira yokhayo, ndipo mbewu zimatha kutulutsa ngakhale chaka chamawa.

Kudula kudula mu rhododendrons kumachitika kokha mu theka loyamba la chilimwe (kapena kumapeto kwa masika - kwa mitundu yoyambirira yamitundu ndi mitundu).

Pakulumikiza, mwamphamvu ndi athanzi, olemekezeka kapena kuyamba kumatula mitengo pachaka amasankhidwa. Mukamadula zodula, ndikofunikira kusiya zodabwitsika kapena tsinde kuchokera kumtunda kwa nthambi zodulirazo kuyambira 7 mpaka 10 cm, komanso kwa Rhododendrons yokhala ndi masamba ochepa - mpaka 15 cm. Kwa mitundu yodula, ndikwabwino kusankha zodula zodikirira. Masamba ochepetsetsa amachotsedwa kudula, amangosiyira masamba atatu okha pamwamba pa mphukira iliyonse. Sikoyenera kufupikitsa masamba otsalira pazodulidwa. Gawo lokha limachita mwanjira ya madigiri 45.

Pre-mankhwalawa a Rhododendron kudula amatsika akuwonjezeka kukula zokuza. Popanda iyo, kuzika kwamizu kumachepera ndipo njira yonse imachedwa. Nthawi zambiri, pamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuti kumiza zigawo za m'munsi mwa zodulidwazo mu yankho la chilichonse chothandizira kapena muzu kwa maola 15-24.

Zodulidwa za Rhododendron.

Mabokosi aliwonse kapena mbale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mitengo ya Rhododendron, ngati angafunike, mizu imatha kuchitika yonse pabedi mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, komanso malo otseguka, koma kuwongolera nthawi zonse m'mikhalidwe yotere kumakhala kovuta, komanso kuwongolera machitidwe ndi kukula kwa mbande. Dothi lozula mizu liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za shrub zokha. Kwa ma rhododendrons, magawo apadera okha acidic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito - zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi nthaka za Rhododendrons kapena zodziyimira pawokha zosakanikirana ndi dothi za peat, dothi louma ndi mchenga molingana. Koma ngati palibe gawo lapaderadera, mutha kudutsa ndi peat yosavuta ndikusakaniza ndi mchenga m'malo ofanana.

Mukubzala mitengo yodula palibe chovuta:

1. Zamkatazo zimadzaza dothi ndikukonza.
2. Zidutswa zimayikidwa mu gawo lapansi, kuyesera kuti zisayikidwe chimodzimodzi, koma pakona (angle ya madigiri 30 imawonedwa ngati yabwino).
3. Zodulidwa "zimalilidwa", ndikusunthira dothi ndikumaliza kubzala mwa kuthirira.
4. Zombozo zimakutidwa ndi kapu kapena galasi, kupewa kupewa kulumikizana nazo.

Asanazike mizu, zodulidwazo zimasungidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 30 Celsius ndikukhala ndi chinyezi chokhazikika chamtunda komanso chinyezi kwambiri. Kuti muzutse mizu ya Rhododendron, ndibwino kuti mupange malo momwe kutentha kwa gawo lapansi kumakhala madigiri angapo kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya. Imathandizira kusintha kwa mizu ndi kudziwonetsa kowonjezereka, kubweretsa nthawi yotalikirapo masana mpaka maola 14-16.

Pafupifupi, kuzika kwa mizu mu maodindo a Rhododendrons kumatenga miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu. Zodulidwa kuchokera ku ma decoduous rhododendrons, pomwe mizu yoyamba imatha kuwonekera patatha masabata 5-6, nthawi zambiri imatha kuzika mizu. Mitundu yobiriwira imatha kumera ngakhale miyezi 4-5. Mizu ya rhododendrons imatengedwa kuti ndi yapamwamba, mu 85% ya milandu, Ankalumikiza amapambana, koma pali mitundu yovuta kwambiri yazomera ndi mitundu. Mosiyana ndi kukula kwa ziwalo zam'mlengalenga, mizu yamphamvu imapangidwa mwachangu kudula.

Mizu yodzidulira ya rhododendron.

Mukazika mizu, mbewuzo siziika pompopompo kuti zikhale pamalo okhazikika, koma mumtsuko, zosunthidwa mosamala ndikusungidwa kwakukulu padziko lapansi kuzungulira mizu. Kwa mbewu zazing'ono, gawo limodzi la asidi limafunika. Kusakaniza koyenera kwa dothi ndi gawo lopangidwa ndi peyala ya rhododendrons kapena peat gawo, momwe ma singano a paini adawonjezeredwa (chiŵerengero cha 2 mpaka 1). Chipinda chimapatsidwa kuthirira nthawi zonse, kupewa kuthilira madzi kapena kuyanika kuchokera pansi. Masabata awiri mutabzala, mbewuzo zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mpaka masika, zikafika poti ndizitha kupatsirana dalododendrons zomwe zimadulidwa kuchokera mu dothi, zimasungidwa muzipinda zabwino komanso zowunikira bwino. Makulidwe otentha otsogola kuchokera ku madigiri 8 mpaka 12.

Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu zimatha kusamutsidwa kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikulire, kapena kuziyika mbanja zazikulu. Kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, ma Rhododendrons amakula ndipo pokhapokha amabzala m'malo okhazikika.

Kufalitsa kwa Rhododendron ndi masanjidwe

Njira yozika mizu mu Rhododendrons ndi yosiyana pang'ono ndi njira yofananira yopangira zitsamba zina zotulutsa maluwa. Ngati ziweto zina zangolowa pansi ndikuthamangitsa nthambiyo, ndiye kuti kwa rhododendrons muyenera kusamalira njira zina zingapo. Mizu yazaka.

Kuti mupeze matanda, chitsamba cha Rhododendron chimayang'aniridwa mosamala ndikugawidwa kumiphukira yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri pansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi zambiri nthawi imodzi siyabwino kwambiri. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi simungazule mizu yopitilira 3-5.

Njira yolimbikitsira kuyigwiranso ntchito ndiyosavuta:

1. Panthambi zakumalo komwe kulumikizana ndi dothi ndikuzika mizu, ndikofunikira kupanga gawo lalitali, ndikugawa nkhuni momwe zimakhalira pamipesa yamkati. Pofuna kuti wotseka asatseke, chip kapena machesi amaikamo. Njira zoterezi sizofunikira, koma amakulolani kuti mulimbe kwambiri mbewu zomwe zikukula mwachangu.
2. Bowo laling'ono limapangidwa m'malo ovuta (kuya ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 15 cm).
3. Nthambi imagwada pansi ndikukhazikika ndi bulangeti kapena bulangeti mu dzenje.
4. Mphukira imakumbidwa ndi dothi lac acid (mwachitsanzo, chisakanizo cha peat ndi dothi la m'munda) ndikuyiyika pamwamba ndi peat.
5. Mbali yotsala ya mphukirayo imalunjikitsidwa m'mwamba, yomangidwa ndi msomali.

Kuti muzutse mphukira muyenera kusamalira chinyezi chokhazikika, kusunga chinyezi chadothi.

Mwambiri, kuzika kwa zigawo mu maodindo a Rhododendrons kumapereka zotsatira mu chaka chomwecho. Nthambi zokhazikika m'nthaka m'nthawi yake ndipo zimakhala zakonzeka kubzala mu kugwa. Koma zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira, munthu sayenera kuthamangira kubzala: ndibwino kusamutsa rhododendrons kumalo atsopano kumapeto kotsatira, mu masiku obzala okhazikika, chifukwa akapatula nthawi yophukira, mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zizolowere nyengo yachisanu ndipo zitha kufa. Kuti muzikhala ndi mizu mpaka chaka chamawa, ingophimbani ndi masamba owuma ndi nthambi zinanso.

Kulekanitsa magawo kuchokera ku chitsamba chabwino kumachitika bwino kwambiri mchaka. Kukumba kumachitika mosamala, mtunda wautali, kuyesera kuti musawononge ngakhale mizu yopyapyala komanso kusunga mpira woumbira kuzungulira chomera chatsopanocho. Atabzala m'malo okhazikika, nthawi yomweyo amakhala phula ndipo amapereka mbewuzo (mpaka atazisintha) ndi chisamaliro chokwanira.

Njirayi ilinso ndi njira ina - kusanja maziko a chitsamba cha Rhododendron ndi nthaka yachilengedwe ndikusungabe chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimalola kulandira ambiri akuwombera chaka chamawa popanda kupindika.

Kufalitsa kwa Rhododendrons ndi Mbewu

Kukula ma rhododendrons kuchokera ku mbewu si ntchito yovuta. Mukudzibyala yokha, palibe chosokoneza, ndipo mayendedwe achichepere, ngakhale ali abwinobwino, siovuta kubwereza. Koma pano nthawi yayitali yomwe ikukula komanso chiopsezo chachikulu chakufa kwa mbewu, komanso kufunikira kwa chisamaliro chokhazikika, kutayika kwa mbande chifukwa chodumphira ngakhale kuthirira kamodzi kumapangitsa njira yofalitsira mbewu kukhala yowopsa kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri, ngakhale ikhale yachuma kwambiri. Rhododendrons ochokera ku mbewu amatulutsa pokhapokha zaka 4-10.

Kubzala mbewu za Rhododendron kumachitika mchaka, mu Marichi kapena kumapeto kwa February. Kumera kumasungidwa bwino, kwa zaka zingapo kumachokera ku 50 mpaka 80%.

Mbewu za Rhododendron zimafesedwa mumipanda iliyonse yoyenera kufesa mbande, zokhala ndi mabowo otulutsa madzi, otalika, oyera, osati otsika kwenikweni. Kukula kwa zotsalazo kumasankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa njere: popeza mbewu zimayenera kukula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndibwino kwambiri kuti mudzichepetse mumtsuko umodzi. Kwa ma rhododendrons, mutha kusankha gawo lililonse lotayirira, lachonde komanso labwino kwambiri pakufesa. Njira yabwino pakukula mbande ndi msuzi wa mchenga wa peat kapena chisakanizo cha dothi losakanikirana ndi ma Rhododendrons ndi mchenga wofanana. Pamaso kufesa, dothi liyenera kutetezedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'njira iliyonse yomwe tingathe.

Kubalana kwa Rhododendron ndi mbewu.

Njira yofesa rhododendron ndi yosavuta:

1. Zinyalala zimadzaza dothi ndikuzipukusa pang'ono osasinja. Kuthirira musanafese sikuchitika.
2. Mbewu zimabalalika panthaka pang'ono monga momwe zingathere kuti zichotse kwambiri kutola ndi kupeta mbande. Mbewu za Rhododendron ndizochepa kwambiri, kotero kufesa pang'ono kumafuna kulondola kapena kusakaniza chisanachitike.
3. Mbewu za Rhododendron zimafesedwa panthaka popanda kugona tulo ndikuyembekezera kuti mbande zamtsogolo zili mtunda wa 1-1,5 masentimita kuchokera kwina.
4. Ngati zotengera zomwe zili ndi mbewu sizili zazikulu, zimathiriridwa pamadzi poto, kulola madzi osakanizidwa kapena madzi ofewa kuti azilowa gawo lonse lapansi ndi chinyezi. Chinyezi chokwanira chimayenera kuloledwa kukhetsa momasuka. Mbewu m'mbale zazikulu zimathiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, modekha.
5. Mbewu zimakutidwa ndi kanema kapenagalasi.

Zoyenera kumera za mbeu za Rhododendron ziyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri kuti zitheke kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha mwezi umodzi kubzala, koma ngati mbewu zake ndi zatsopano, zimatha kumera limodzi pakangotha ​​milungu itatu. Chinyezi cha mpweya wambiri komanso chinyezi chamtundu wambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Gawo lovuta kwambiri pakulima kwa rhododendrons kuchokera kumbewu limayamba pamene filimu kapena galasi likachotsedwa mumzombo ndi mphukira yabwino. Mphukira zazing'ono zimayenera kusunthidwa kuchokera kutentha kuti kuzizira. Zabwino kwambiri za ma rhododendrons zimakhala pam kutentha pa 8 mpaka 12 degrees. Mukasiya mbewuzi zikhale zofunda, zimatetezedwa kwambiri kumatenda ndikufota msanga. Ana achichepere a Rhododendr amathiridwa madzi mosamala, kuwongolera chinyezi ndikuchisunga mosalekeza. Ngati kuthirira pansi kunachitika nthawi yofesa, ndiye kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa zowola, njira yotsatirira osati yoyambirira, koma kuthirira kwapansi kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kuphukira kutiunikiranso.

Zomera zolimba pang'ono ndi pang'ono zimazolowera mpweya wabwino, kuti pofika nthawi yotentha zimatha kupita ku makonde kapena kumunda. Kutola kwa spike kumachitika mu June, kusamutsa mbewu kumabokosi akuluakulu ndi mtunda wa 1.5 masentimita pakati pa mbewu.

Kukhazikitsa m'mundamo nthawi yotentha kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, ndikumakulolani mbewu zochulukirapo. Potseguka, ma rhododendrons amayikidwa m'malo owala, koma otetezedwa ku dzuwa. Rhododendrons imapitilira kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse poto, kukhutitsa gawo lapansi ndi madzi ndikulola zochuluka kuti zitheke, kapena mwanjira yanthawi zonse. Kuuma kwa gawo lapansi ndi kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha chilala, achinyamata ochepa akuwombera nthawi zambiri amafa, koma matalala nawonso siabwino.

Maluso omwe ali ndi ma rhododendrons amasamutsidwa kubwerera kuchipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 8 mpaka 18 atafika kuzizira koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira. Kwa achinyamata a Rhododendrons, maola oyenera kwambiri masana ndi maola 16-18. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuziwonetsa nthawi yonse yozizira. Zomera zimathiriridwa bwino.

Rhododendron mbande.

Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February kapena mwezi wa Marichi, mbande zimadzigwiranso m'madzi, ndikuyenda mtunda wa masentimita 3-4. Pambuyo pakutsamira kwachiwiri, pambuyo pa masabata awiri kuvala koyamba koyambirira kumayamba. M'chaka chachiwiri cha kulima, njira imodzimodziyi imabwerezedwanso ndikuchotsa mbewu m'chilimwe m'mundamo ndikuzizira m'nyengo yachisanu. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika katatu pachaka - mutatha kulowa pansi ndi kuwirikiza kawiri nthawi yachilimwe ndi feteleza wathunthu wamafuta (amodzi mwa mavalidwe apamwamba amatha kupanga foliar).

Zomera zimasinthidwa kukhala dothi pa chaka chachitatu mutabzala, mchaka. Ngakhale kuti ma cododendrons aku Canada, Japan ndi Daurian amatha kuphukira kale mchaka chachitatu mutabzala, ndibwino kuchotsa masamba onse ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa masamba ambiri. Nyengo, 2 zovala zapamwamba zimachitika - chimodzi mutabzala, china - m'chilimwe, kupatsa mbewu mulching, kupalira, kumasula dothi komanso kuthilira nthawi zonse pachilala.

Rhododendrons omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu amasamutsidwa kumalo osatha mchaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu.

Kukula kwa ma rhododendrons achinyamata m'malo okhazikika

Kwa ma rhododendrons omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu, kudula kapena njira zina, malo olimawo amasankhidwa mosamala.Zomera sizimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso malo amphepo. Amasankha malo obisika, otetezedwa ndi nyali zowala kapena mthunzi wocheperako, amaika ma rhododendrons pansi pa mitengo kapena kumbali yakumpoto kwa nyumba ndi zinthu zomanga zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri rhododendrons "amaphatikiza" ndi conifers. Izi zitsamba zimakonda kusakanikirana, zopatsa thanzi komanso zapamwamba zamtunduwu ndi zotsatira za pH kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 5.0. Dothi lamchenga, lolemera, lolemera kapena lonyowa lomwe lili ndi chiopsezo chothazikika kwamadzi kapena kupezeka kwakukulu kwa madzi apansi siali koyenera kwa iwo.

Rhododendrons, mosasamala kanthu za njira yolerera m'malo okhazikika, ndiyabwino kubzyala masika. Pobzala, dothi losakanizirana ndi peat, nthaka yamasamba ndi zinyalala zamtundu wokonzedwa zimakonzedwa pasadakhale. Gawo la feteleza wathunthu wazitsulo liyenera kuyalowetsedwa m'nthaka ndikukumba maenje obzala ndi m'lifupi ndi kuya kwa masentimita 60-70. Kwa chitsamba, ikani chigawo chachikulu cha zotayira zosadziwika. Mtunda woyandikira zimatengera kukula kwa chitsamba cha mitundu yopatsidwa kapena mitundu ndipo kuchokera pa masentimita 70 kwa ma CD otsogola kwambiri mpaka 2m kukula.

Gawo lovuta kwambiri pakubzala rhododendrons ndikuwunika momwe kukula kwa khosi lozika. Ngakhale ndikuganiza za shrinkage dothi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mmera mu dzenje lobzala kuti, chifukwa chake, khosi lozala ndi 2-3 cm pamwamba pamzere wa dothi. Kuzungulira dzenjelo pangani nthawi yomweyo kuti muthirire bowo, ndikumaliza kubzala mwa kuthirira ndi mulching kuchokera ku singano kapena peat.

Kubzala chitsamba chaching'ono cha Rhododendron.

Kuyambira nyengo yoyamba ija, mutabzala m'malo okhazikika azomera 2-3 pachaka (koyambirira kwa masika ndikatha maluwa), feteleza wathunthu wazitsulo umayikidwa. Pachilala komanso ngati palibe madzi, tchire limathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Zosanjikiza mulch pafupi ndi tsinde bwalo ndilabwino kwambiri nthawi zonse. Kumasulira dothi kumachitika osaya, ukatha kuthirira kapena kugwa kwamvula, nthawi zonse kulima namsongole. M'chaka choyamba mutabzala m'malo osatha, tchire la Rhododendron saloledwa kuphuka.

Asanafike chisa choyamba, kuthilira madzi kumachitika. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, mbewu zimakutidwa ndi nthambi za masamba ndi masamba owuma, ma decoduous rhododendrons amagwada pansi. Ngati mitundu ikufuna malo odalirika odalirika, imachitika potsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi. Zomera zomwe zidalowetsedwa mu nthangala sizimakhala zozizira pang'ono, chifukwa nthawi yozizira zimasungidwa ndi dongo lalitali lam'munsi mwa tchire ndipo malo okhala bwino ndi nthambi zanthete. Ma Rhododendrons obiriwira amafunika kutetezedwa kuti asayatsidwa ndi dzuwa.