Kabichi ndi imodzi mwazikhalidwe zamasamba zomwe zakhala zikulimidwa m'dziko lathu kwazaka zambiri. Mwa zina zake, ndikofunikira kuwunikira kukhalapo kwazinthu zambiri zofunikira zomwe sizitayika pokhapokha kuphika, komanso nthawi yayitali yosungirako.
Kabichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zomwe sizigwirizana ndi kuzizira. Chifukwa cha izi, itha kubzalidwe m'magawo osiyanasiyana nyengo. Kabichi sikuti ndi masamba ofunikira, komanso amapereka mwayi wokwanira wokula chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, iliyonse yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kabichi yoyera imatengedwa ngati mtsogoleri potchuka, mitundu yomwe imatha kukhala ndi nthawi yakucha kosiyanasiyana.
Kabichi koyambirira
Ngati mukufuna kupeza masamba abwino patebulopo koyambirira, ndibwino kubzala mitundu yoyambilira kasupe. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwathunthu ku kabichi. Mitundu yoyera kabichi yoyera yomwe iperekedwa m'masitolo imalola mitu kuti ipange nthawi kuyambira masiku 100 mpaka 120. Ngakhale zili choncho, mutha kupeza mutu woyamba wa kabichi masabata angapo m'mbuyomu ngati mutabzala kabichi ndi mbande. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zomwe zakwanitsa zaka 45-50 masiku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mbande zoyera za kabichi zoyera pamalo owonekera.
Kubzala kabichi kwa mbande?
Musanafunike kubzala zakuthupi ndikukonzekera kufesa kabichi kwa mbande, ndikofunikira kusankha nthawi yodzala mbewu kuti mukhe mbuto. Kudziwa nthawi yoyenera sikophweka. Mutha kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbewu, podziwa magawo awiri otsatirawa:
- Madeti ikakonzekera kubzala mbande zoyera kabichi yoyambirira m'munda;
- M'badwo wa mbande.
Malinga kuti nyengo ndi yabwino pamsewu, ndipo akukonzekera kubzala mbande zazing'ono zamabichi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yofesa mbewu ndi pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Marichi. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira tsiku lodzala mbewu potseguka, muyenera chotsani masiku 45-50. Chifukwa cha kuwerengera, tsiku lidzapezedwa, lomwe lidzakhale chitsogozo chodzala kabichi kwa mbande.
Madeti opeza mitu yoyamba ya kabichi
Momwemonso, aliyense wokhala nthawi yachilimwe amatha kuwerengera nthawi yakututa. Kuti mudziwe kuti ndizotheka kupeza kabichi yoyamba ya June kabichi patebulo, ndikofunikira kuganizira zaomwe ali ndi mitundu ya kabichi yoyambirira. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kukhazikika mwatsatanetsatane pa ena a iwo. Mitundu yonse ya kabichi yoyera yoyera ikuphatikiza nyengo zosiyanasiyana zakucha. Nthawi yodikirira, kuyambira ndikuwoneka ngati mbande yoyamba ndikutha ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa kukhwima kwaukadaulo, ikhoza kukhala yosiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Masiku 92-100 - "Juni";
- Masiku 102-110 - "Mahekitala agolide";
- Masiku 120 - "Mphatso".
Chifukwa chake, ngati tilingalira kuti tili ndi mbande zoyambira kabichi wazaka 45 ndipo talinganiza kudzabzala kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, ndiye kuti titha kuyembekeza kuwonekera kwa mitu yoyambirira ya mitundu ya June koyamba mu Juni. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti posankha nthawi yodzala mbande, muyenera kulabadira nyengo zomwe zili m'derali.
Yoyenera kubzala kabichi koyambirira ndi nthawi yomwe kumatentha nthawi masana ndipo kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha usiku. Kutengera ndi dera, masiku awa akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, mukabzala mbande, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pa mawonekedwe amalo ena. Kwa mbande zoyambira kabichi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungira mafilimu kuti mwangozi mwadzidzidzi musavulaze mbande zazing'ono.
Njira zakubzala mbewu za kabichi kwa mbande
Kuti musonkhe kanyumba kakang'ono komanso kakang'ono kwambiri m'dzinja, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbande zapamwamba kwambiri mutabzala. Njira yosavuta yothetsera vutoli ndi iye ngati mugula kwa nthawi yachilimwe. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala zovuta, popeza nthawi yokolola pamakhala chiopsezo chopeza Zizindikiro za matenda. Ena sangakhale mpaka pano mpaka pano kapena alibe nthawi yokwanira. Chifukwa chake, adalimbikitsidwanso kuti azilimilira palokha pakulima zinthu zofunikira kubzala.
Chifukwa cha chochitika ichi, wosamalira mundawo akuthamanga munthawi yake, chifukwa chomwe ali ndi mwayi wokolola zisanachitike. Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira mbande. Chosavuta komanso chotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zowonongera mafilimu ndi ma hotbed otentha. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti mutha kumera mbande mchipinda. M'malo omaliza, palinso mawonekedwe awo, omwe amaphatikizapo kutola mbewu kapena kusapezeka.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Pokonzekera kufesa mbewu, ziyenera kukonzedwa kaye. Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti adzakula kuchokera pambewu mbande zolimba ndi zaumoyo. Ngati talankhula mwatsatanetsatane za chithandizo cha mbewu, ndiye kuti zimaphatikizaponso kusanja. Gwiritsani ntchito kufesa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tirigu azikulitsa kwambiri. Mutha kuwazindikira ndi mainchesi, omwe ayenera kukhala osachepera 2 mm. Mbewu zonse zowonongeka kapena tizigawo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwika pakasankhidwa ndizoyenera kuchotsedwa. Pambuyo pake, amayenera kuyikidwa mu saline. Kuti mukonze, muyenera kumwa 50 g mchere ndi kusakaniza ndi lita imodzi yamadzi akhazikika.
Mbewu zikhala zamtundu wathunthu, zomwe, mutalowa munjira ya saline, zimira pansi pa thankiyo. Mafuta omwe amatuluka amafunika kuchotsedwa. Ndiye mbewu zonse ziyenera kuzunzidwa. Tsopano mbewu zosanjidwa bwino ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthira madzi ofunda mpaka madigiri 50, ndikuyika njere m'mphindi 20. Njira yofananira imayeretsa mbewu. Sizipwetekanso kuchitira chithandizo cha mbewu ndi zinthu zina. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tincture potengera phulusa la nkhuni. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera tengani izi:
- phulusa la nkhuni - 200 g;
- madzi oyimirira - 10 l.
Mbewu zoikidwa mu tincture ziyenera kukhalamo kwa maola 4. Makamaka chidwi chake chiyenera kulipira kutentha kwa madzi. Kenako, zinthu zobzala zimatulutsidwa m'madzi ndikuzilola kuti ziume. Njira zina zakukonzera mbewu yofesa zikuwuluka ndi kumera. Komabe, sikofunikira kuchita izi, mutatha kuchita izi, mutha kubzala mbewu.
Akasinja
Mbewu za kabichi yoyambirira panthaka zitha kubzalidwa m'mzinthu zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala zodzaza ndi dothi. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapallet apulasitiki kapena mabokosi amatabwa. Komabe, pankhaniyi, mbewu ziyenera kugwidwa. Kapenanso, atha kukhala makaseti a pulasitiki kapena makapu.
Njira yodziwika ndikubzala mu peat ndi cocoa mabulosi a coconut. Komabe, pamenepo mbewu siziyenera kumira. Pakakhala zida zopangira zomangira kabichi, ziyenera kupangidwa zokha, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo. Momwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matumba apulasitiki kapena makatoni, mabokosi osiyanasiyana, matumba apulasitiki, makapu a mapepala, ndi zina zotere. Ngati palibe njira yochotsera chinyezi chambiri, ndiye kuti izi zingayambitse matenda a mbewu.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Ngati mukutsata njira yolimitsira mbeu yoyambirira kabichi, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonzekera. Munda wamdimba wamba si njira yabwino, chifukwa umatha kukhala ndi mphutsi za tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda akulu kabichi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwire Kukonzekera kwa osakaniza wa mbande.
Ngati panthawi yake zinthu zina zitha kuletsa kukonzekera mbande, ndiye kuti mutha kugula zinthuzo pogulitsa zinthu zosakanizidwa kale. Mukamasankha, ndikofunikira kulingalira kapangidwe ndi tsiku lakapangidwe. Pakukula mbande zoyambira kabichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo chokonzedwa kunyumba. Komanso, mwini wake angasankhe imodzi mwanjira zingapo pokonzekera nthaka yopanga nthaka:
Chiwerengero cha 1. Chiwerengero cha zigawo 1: 1: 1:
- peat;
- dziko la turf;
- humus.
Chigawo 2. Chiwerengero cha zigawo 1: 1/4: 1/4:
- phulusa lamatabwa;
- laimu;
- mchenga wowuma.
3. Chiwerengero cha zigawo 1: 3: 1/4:
- dziko la turf;
- peat;
- mchenga wowuma.
Kuti mukhale mbande yolimba komanso yathanzi ya kabichi yoyambirira, nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimitsa sikuyenera kubereka kokha, komanso ikhale ndi mpweya komanso chinyontho chokwanira chokwanira. Makhalidwe awa ali ndi nyimbo zilizonse pamwambapa. Ngati ndi kotheka, zosakaniza zoterezi zitha kukonzedwa miyezi ingapo musanafesere ndi kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira.
Asanabzale mbewu, dothi liyenera kubweretsedwa lotentha. Izi zitha kuchitika mwachangu mwakuwotha ndi mpweya wamadzi. Ntchito imeneyi imapindulitsa kawiri, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa zonse, imakulolani kuti musinthe dzikolo. Komanso Nthaka idayikiramoyokonzekera mbande. Ngati muli mapulasitiki okonzedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza, ndiye kuti ntchito yotsatira isanachitike ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kugwiritsanso ntchito kofananako kutha kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi dothi lenilenilo, ngati silinapatsidwe mankhwala.
Pomaliza
Ngakhale kulima kabichi yoyera palokha ndi nkhani yosavuta, komabe, anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe amafunitsitsa mutu woyamba wa kabichi kale kuposa masiku onse. Chifukwa chake, akudzipereka mu kubzala kudzera mbande. Mwachilengedwe, njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma ndikuyenda koyenera kwa zochitika zonse kale masabata oyamba a Juni Mutha kupeza mitu yaying'ono ya kabichi koyambirira. Komabe, zonse zimatengera kukonzekera ndi kulima mbande. Ndikofunikira kuti musamangosankha mbewu zoyenera kabichi, komanso kukonzekeretsa dothi, komanso kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kufesa mbewu. Popeza mfundo izi, mutha kukolola koyambirira kabichi yoyera chaka chilichonse.
