Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a nolin (zinkhanira), ilinso ndi mayina ena - "Mwendo wa Njovu", "Mchira wa Akavalo". Thunthu la nolina limafanana ndi botolo, kuchokera pamenepa limakhalanso ndi dzina lachitatu - "Mtengo Wabotolo". Kukulira m'munsi mwa thunthu kumathandizira kuti chinyontho chinyontho. Masamba a nolina ndi yopapatiza, yayitali, yokhala ndi kumapeto.
Rod Nolin (Nolina), kapena Bokarney (Beaucarnea) ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 30 yazomera za banja la Agave (Agavaceae), wamba ku North America, makamaka ku Mexico.
Nolina (Nolina) kapena Bokarneya (Beaucarnea). © RobertNthawi zambiri awa ndi mitengo yotsika yomwe ili ndi matope otumphuka kwambiri. Kutumphuka kumeneku ndi malo abwino osungiramo madzi ndipo kumalola madzi kufalikira komwe kumagwa mvula kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Masamba aatali kwambiri, ochepa kwambiri amathandizanso kukhala ndi moyo pazinthu zoterezi, kukhala ndi kuthekera kosonkhana ndimatumbo oyaka kwambiri, motero, kumachepetsa kwambiri madzi owuluka.
Akatswiri ena a taxon amatinso a genus Bokarneya amtundu wa Nolin (Beaucarnea) a banja limodzi. Mitundu ina yokongoletsera wamba imadziwika nthawi yomweyo pansi pa mayina angapo, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Beaucarnea recurvata imadziwikanso kuti Nolina recurvata (nthawi zambiri dzinali limadziwika kuti ndi loyenera.
Nolina, wotchedwanso Bokarney, atha kukhala ndi chidwi ngati chomera chimodzi chotalikira. Malo okhala ndi magazi, ngati babu amasungabe madzi, kotero kusowa chinyezi mizu sikungavulaze mbewuyo. Chifukwa cha maziko awa, mbewuyo idalandira dzina lachi Ngelezi lotchedwa "mwendo wa njovu", komanso chifukwa cha chisoti chachifumu chamakala ngati masamba - "mchira wa kavalo". Nolina mwina ndiye mtengo wamabotolo wamba pamsika waku Russia.
"Mitengo ya mabotolo," kutanthauza kuti, mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyontho chokhazikika chokhazikitsidwa pansi, ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati paokonda masamba. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atchukire izi ndizosavuta kusamalira, kupirira kwa mitengo ya mabotolo kupukuta mpweya ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana, komanso, mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Makamaka owoneka bwino nolina (bokarneya) amawoneka m'zipinda zomwe zili ndimapangidwe amakono (muukadaulo wapamwamba komanso mafashoni), amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera masamba.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nthambi za nolin (scorpion) pambuyo pa maluwa, komabe, anthu achi Dutch omwe amalankhula mwachangu amakwaniritsa zomwe zimachitika munthawi yochepa kugwiritsa ntchito tsitsi. Thunthu lolemera (mpaka mita imodzi) lili ndi korona ndi magulu angapo okongola a mitanda yoyenda. Inde, wolina wamkulu, wopangidwa bwino amatenga ndalama zambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagulitsa mbewu zazing'ono, kuziyika zingapo mumphika umodzi. Zomera zobzala zotere ndi zotsika mtengo, koma zimatenga nthawi yopitilira umodzi kuti zikhale ngati "mtengo wa botolo". M'zipinda, kubweretsa nolin kumaluwa ndizovuta kwambiri.
Thinner (Beaucarnea gracilis), kapena nolina (Nolina gracilis) woonda. © ZrudaMizu ya nolin imakula m'lifupi, koma osati mwakuya (kumudzi kwawo chomera chachilendochi chimapezeka pamiyala yamiyala yopanda chonde). Pachifukwa ichi, ma lumine amafunika mbale zambiri komanso zotungira zabwino. Mutha kuthira miyala yosalala pansi pamtunda, zomwe zingalepheretse mapangidwe a kutumphuka ndikugogomezera machitidwe okongoletsa a nolin.
Nolina amasamalira kunyumba
Nolina, kapena Bokarneya ndi mbewu yopanda chidwi, ndipo siivuta kuti ikule ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene omwe amakonda maluwa. Imamveka bwino m'malo owala, koma kuwongola dzuwa kuyenera kupewedwa. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikofunikira kuwunikira mbewuyo ndi nyali za fluorescent.
Munthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, nolin (bokarneya) amalekerera kutentha kwa chipinda. Munthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe zolemba, amalekerera molakwika.
M'nthawi yachilimwe, mbewuyo imakonda kupita panja, koma iyenera kuyikidwa kuti ikhale yotetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi mvula.
Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kuti mbewuyo ilowe nthawi yotsika, matenthedwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono mpaka 10 ° C. Pokhapokha ngati mukudziwa luso lomera ma cacti ndi ma suppulents, mutha kukhala ndi nolin nthawi kuyambira Novembala mpaka Januwale pa kutentha kwa 3 ... 5 ° C, pa kutentha kwambiri komwe kumapangidwira nyengo yotsika.
Nolina longifolia (Nolina longifolia). © Stephking56Mdziko lakwawo, ziphuphu zimamera pamtunda wamtali pafupifupi 3,000 pamtunda wa nyanja, pomwe usiku mpweya umazizira kuzinthu zopanda pake, kotero amatha kupirira kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo mchipinda, si aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopatsa nolin (wowonjezera galasi) ndi kutentha koyenera panthawi yopumira, ndipo umasungidwa popanda iwo. Kutentha kwanyumba, chomera sichimalowa nthawi yayitali, ndikupitilizabe kukula; munthawi imeneyi, nkofunikira kupereka zowunikira bwino kwa nolin.
Munthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, nolina (ofiira) amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira m'munsi (tsitsani mphikawo ndi chomera mu chidebe chamadzi, ndikuchichotsa pamene gawo lalikulu la gawo lapansi liyaniratu, lolani madzi ochulukirapo kukhetsa ndikuyika malo osatha). Kutsirira kotsatira kuyenera kuchitika pamene dothi louma likhala litauma. Ngati mungasungire nolin m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira kutentha firiji, popanda nthawi yopumira, iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi monga nthawi yotentha. Pa kutentha kwambiri nthawi yozizira, onjezani mpweya chinyezi, nthawi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono masamba. Kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kocheperako (pamtunda wa 10 ... 15 ° C), kapena kusiya kwathunthu (pamunsi pa 10 ° C) ngati muli ndi nolin pamatenthedwe otsika ndipo kumakhala nthawi yopumira. Musaiwale kuti madzi owonjezera a nolin, monga mbewu zina zonse za m'mphepete, amathanso kufa (kuyika madzi m'nyengo yozizira ndikowopsa kwambiri kupewa izi, wamaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira).
Bokarneya akhazikika (Beaucarnea recurvata), kapena Nolina bent (Nolina recurvata). © Maka MaunoM'malo mchipinda, nolin safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koma masamba amayenera kupukutidwa nthawi ndi siponji yonyowa. Mwachilengedwe, ziphuphu zimatunga madzi posungira mame ochulukirapo okhala ndi malo awo okhala. Osonkhanitsa masamba awo amakhala ngati masamba obiriwira, pomwe mame amatsika mpaka pakatikati pa korona ndikudutsa pamtengo. Izi zimalipira kuchepa kwa madzi amvula, chikhalidwe cha kwawo. Mutha kuyerekeza mame posambitsa korona ndi madzi otentha owiritsa. Koma musachite izi masana otentha. Nthawi yabwino ndi m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo.
M'zaka zoyambirira, ma nolins (bokarneys) amakula msanga, ndipo pofika zaka 6 - 7 amasintha kukhala mbewu zazikulu zakunja m'manja abwino. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza owonjezera sikumveka bwino. Ngati mukufunabe kudyetsa chomera chanu, ndiye kuti gwiritsani ntchito mafuta osakanikirana amchere. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Kodi kuchuluka kwa feteleza womalizidwa 1.5-2 nthawi yotsika kuposa zomwe zasonyezedwa pa phukusi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti zovala zonse zitha kuchitika pokhapokha pakukula kwa chomera ndikutha kuthirira ndi madzi oyera okha. Nitrogen ochulukirapo imayambitsa kutsika kwa tsamba. Mutha kudyetsa kulowetsedwa kwakukulu kwa feteleza wa organic (mullein umawezedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1:20).
Kubzala nolin nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito zolimba zolimba, zazikulu koma zosaya. Pansi pake payenera kukhala dzenje la zotulutsira madzi. Pamalo pake pamapangidwa timiyala ting'onoting'ono kapena dongo lokwera. Zonsezi zimapewa kupangika kwa madzi, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mizu yake izizika. Mizu ya nolin imakula m'lifupi, koma osati mwakuya (kumudzi kwawo chomera chachilendochi chimapezeka pamiyala yamiyala yopanda chonde). Pachifukwa ichi, ma lumine amafunika mbale zambiri komanso zotungira zabwino. Mutha kuthira miyala yoyala panthaka, zomwe zingalepheretse kutumphuka ndikugogomezera zokongoletsa za nolina (bokarney).
Kuthira kolinamu kumachitika pokhapokha poluka kwathunthu ndi mizu ya nthaka yapansi. Zomera zazing'ono zimagulidwa chaka chilichonse, akulu - kamodzi pachaka 3-4. Anabzala mozama chimodzimodzi ngati kale. Pambuyo Thirani, masiku oyamba 3-4 sayenera kuthiriridwa ndi nolin. Kuti muchepetse kukula, kamodzi pachaka mu kasupe tikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsa achinyamata nolin mumphika wokulirapo (2-4 cm mulifupi). Dothi losakanikirana limafunikira lotayirira, mwachitsanzo, peat, tsamba lamasamba, mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 2, kapena: turf land, land land masamba, humus, peat ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 1). Mutha kupanga dothi losakanizirana ndi dimba komanso mchenga wowundana ndi kuwonjezera miyala yabwino.
Nolina (bokarneya) ndi chomera choyenera polima hydroponic.
Masamba a nolina. © DropsikKubala nolina
Kufalitsa ulin ndizovuta. Njira yayikulu ndikubzala mbewu, zomwe opanga ku Holland adachitapo kanthu. Ngati munagula miphika ingapo mumphika umodzi, mutha kuwabzala mumaphika osiyana. Nthawi zina masamba ofananira nawo amadzuka pansi pa mphukira, njira zomwe zimadzuka kuchokera kwa iwo. Mutha kuyesa kufalitsa njira zamtsogolo.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu za nolina
Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24-48, amathira kuwira epin kapena zircon. Wobzala mu gawo lonyowa lopangidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga (m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 1). Mbewu zimayikidwa panthaka, ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi loonda, koma kuti mbandezo zikhale zofanana ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Kuti kumera mbewu za nolin, kuwala kumafunika, chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimayikidwa pansi pa nyali za fluorescent.
Kutentha kokwanira kumera ndi + 21 ... 25 madigiri, osatsika ndi 20. Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimamera pambuyo pa masabata 3-4. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi cha gawo lapansi, sichikhala chonyowa kwambiri, chonyowa moyenerera. Chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimatha kuphimbidwa ndi kapu kapena thumba, zikaonekera, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa mbale ndikuchotsa pogona.
Mbewuzo zikakulimba, zimadzikhira m'miphika umodzi wofanana ndi kukula kwa mmera wolin. Dothi losakanikirana limafunikira lotayirira, mwachitsanzo, peat, tsamba lamasamba, mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 2, kapena: turf land, land land masamba, humus, peat ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 1). Mutha kupanga dothi losakanizirana ndi dimba komanso mchenga wowundana ndi kuwonjezera miyala yabwino. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito magawo omwe anakonzedwa kale a nolin (bokarney).
Kusamalira kwina kuli ngati chomera chachikulire.
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa nolin ndi machitidwe ofananira nawo
Pofalitsa ndi njira zamkati, njira yotsogola imawonongeka mosamala. Amakhala ndi gawo lonyowa lopangidwa ndi peat, mchenga ndi perlite (vermiculite). Mphika umadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo chonyowa, chophwanyika ndipo zokongoletsa zimapangidwa ndi msomali. Njira imabzalidwa m'malo opumulira ndipo dothi limakanikizidwa pafupi nawo. Njira yobzala imakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera ndikuyika malo otentha. Ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha mkati mwa 21 ... 26 ° С, kupopera nthawi zonse ndikutulutsa mpweya pafupipafupi. Masamba atsopano akaoneka chomera chomera, chipewa chimachotsedwa, ndipo chomera chaching'ono chimazolowera pang'onopang'ono pazikhalidwe zatsopano zosamalidwa.
Nolina matapensis. © Coral AloeMitundu ya Nolina
Ngakhale pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya mtundu wa Nolin, imapita m'masitolo Nolina anawerama (Nolina recurvata), yotchedwanso Bokarneya akunga (Beaucarnea recurvata) Thunthu lake lakhazikika, likukula mpaka pansi, ndikupanga kukula kwambiri. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, thunthu limafikira kutalika kwa 8-10 m - chithunzi, m'munsiwo mumakhala mulifupi mwake mpaka mita 1.Mwachikhalidwe chazipinda zobiriwira, kutalika kwa chomera nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosapitirira 1.5m kumtunda kwa chomera pali mtolo wambiri wamtambo wamtambo womwe ukufalikira pafupifupi mamitala awiri . Masamba ataliitali komanso okhazikika ku nolina ku Mexico amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuluka mabasiketi ndi zipewa zotchuka za sombrero. Gawo lakumunsi la tsinde lija limawululidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yosalala ya kork yomwe imateteza ku madziwo.
Nolina longifolia (Nolina longifolia) ndi Nolina wocheperapo (Nolina microcarpa) amapezeka m'malo obiriwira malo osungira mitengo ndi mapaki a Black Sea ku Caucasus ndi Crimea. Pamenepo mutha kusilira ma inflorescence aatali a nolin ochokera kumaluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri.
Nolina (bokarneya) ndi chomera chopanda chidwi, ndipo sichovuta kulima ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene omwe amakonda maluwa. Imamveka bwino m'malo owala, koma kuwongola dzuwa kuyenera kupewedwa.
Nolina Parry © Spidra WebsterMatenda ndi tizirombo ta nolina
Ziphuphu zakunyumba sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi matenda ndipo tizilombo toononga sizikhazikika pa iwo nthawi zambiri. Kwa nolina (bokarneya), kusiya chisamaliro choyenera ndiye maziko opezera mbewu yabwino, ndipo maziko osiyira nolin akutsirira. Ndi kuthirira kwambiri kwa barani, kukhala ndi chinyezi chake mosungirako ndipo masamba amasinthidwa ndi magawo a chipululu, satha kuyamwa chinyontho chambiri. Masamba ake amayamba kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, mphukira zimayamba kufewa, mizu imavunda.
Kuthirira kwambiri pazotentha pang'ono komanso kusowa kwowunikira ndizowopsa kwambiri. Mutha kuyesa kupulumutsa mbewu ngati imeneyi. Chepetsa ziwalo zonse zowola, zigwiritse ndi kaboni yokhazikitsidwa ndikusintha nolin kukhala dothi latsopano lowuma. Pambuyo poika, osamwetsa madzi kwa sabata limodzi, ndiye kuthirira madzi pang'ono.
Ngati mankhusu ali ndi masamba owuma, chifukwa chake chitha kukhala chouma kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri. Zikatero, mutha kuwaza mbewuzo, koma nthawi yomweyo, chinyezi chimayenera kugwera pamasamba osati pamtengo. Kupanda kutero, mawanga a bulauni amapangika pa thunthu, amatha kuvunda. Masamba amathanso kuwuma chifukwa chodumphira madzi, komanso chifukwa choperewera michere m'nthaka. Masamba akale otsika amawuma, omwe amakhala abwinobwino ndipo sayenera kubweretsa nkhawa. Pazonsezo, masamba owuma komanso nsonga zouma ndizopimbidwa bwino.
Tizilombo touluka nolina (scorpion) ndi nthata za akangaude zomwe zimakonda mpweya wofunda, tizilombo tambiri, nyongolotsi, kupindika. Njira yabwino kwambiri yowachotsera ndikutsitsa mbewuyo kuti ikhalebe yoyera, kupukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa, ndikuwaza mbewuzo ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri. Nyongolotsi ndi mphere zimachotsedwa pam masamba ndi nsanza yokhala ndi fodya. Masamba ndi nkhupakupa zimafa mbewuzo zikagwidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa Dalmatia chamomile kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kulimbana ndi tizirombo kumakhala kosavuta poyambira kuwonongeka, chifukwa chake yang'anirani mbeu ndikuyamba kumenya tizirombo toyamba.
