Gymenokallis ndi mtundu wamaluwa wamaluwa wa banja la Amarelidova, Amfloidoids apansi. Dzinali limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek ὑμήν (membrane) ndi καλός (wokongola). Izi zikutanthawuza umodzi mwazosangalatsa za duwa la Gimenocallis, lomwe limakhala ndi miyala isanu ndi umodzi yopapatiza, yopendekera ku kapu yaying'ono yopangidwa kuchokera ku mgwirizano wa stamens.
Muli mitundu yoposa 60 ya herbaceous bulbous perennials yomwe imamera m'matanthwe, malo onyowa komanso miyala. Amakhalanso ku madera otentha ndi otentha ku America - Indiana, Kentucky, Virginia, Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas ndi Mexico. Mitundu yambiri imapezekanso ku Central America ndikupitilizabe kumera kumpoto kwa South America, ndiko kuti, Brazil, Guyana ndi Venezuela. 
Mawonekedwe, maluwa a Gimenokallis angakukumbutseni za daffodil kapena kakombo - chifukwa chake dzina lodziwika "kangaude wa kangaude" wamtundu wina.
Mitunduyo idatengera dzina la asayansi odziwika a Richard Anthony Salisbury, omwe, omwe adapanga mtunduwu. Mu 1812, adasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe kale imadziwika kuti ndi pancreatia, kuyambira ndi Hymenocallis littoralis. Chifukwa chachikulu chakupatukana ndikuti zipatsozo zimakhala ndi njere ziwiri zokha pachisa chilichonse. Salisbury adalongosola dzina lake ponena za "membala wokongola wophatikiza ulusi."
Zodzikongoletsera zimatuluka masamba ngati lamba. Gulu lililonse limakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira, achikasu kapena oyera, ndipo limakhalanso lalikulu komanso lopatsa chidwi.
Kufotokozera kwa gimenokallis ndi chithunzi chake
Maluwa a Gimenokallis ali ndi tsinde lalikulu lokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira oyera ngati chipale chofewa komanso ma arachnids amtundu wachikasu chowoneka ngati chikasu komanso zazikulu, zamanjenjemera. Maluwa amatha kuwonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambilira kwa nyundo. Mu inflorescence imodzi imatha kukhala maluwa asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu owoneka bwino mpaka 20 cm. Kapu yolimba m'mimba mwake imafikira pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. Maluwa otuwa amafika kutalika kwa 30 mpaka 60 sentimita.
Udzu, wofanana ndi lupanga lamphamvu nthawi, uli ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndipo umamera kumapeto kwa kumapeto. Zimayamba kuzimiririka kumapeto kwa chilimwe ngati nyengo ikupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali popanda mvula. Onani chithunzi cha maluwa Gimenokallis:
Mbewu za Gimenokallis ndizachilengedwe ndipo zimatha kukhala zachilendo kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi phazi limodzi. Mbeu zikacha, mumangofunika kuzigwetsa panthaka limodzi ndi chomera cha kholo. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, kenako, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, pakatha miyezi itatu kapena inayi mudzakhala ndi mphukira yoyamba. Alimi ena amakonda kubzala mbewu zosakaniza. Kumayambiriro kasupe, subspecies monga Gimenokallis lyriosme, Gimenokallis coronaria ndi Gimenokallis krassifolia amatumphuka kwa mwezi umodzi kapena apo. Ndipo mitundu ina ikadzatha imera kufikira nthawi yamasika. Izi ndizofotokozedwera gimenokallis ngati chikhalidwe chamunda. Tsopano tiyeni tisunthire kumalamulo omusamalira.
Kusamalira hymenocallis kunyumba
Pofuna kukonza chisamaliro choyenera cha hymenocallis kunyumba, ndibwino kukula duwa poyera. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ambiri odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kulima maluwa m'munda, popeza pali mwayi womupatsa kuwala. Ngati mukumuyika m'nyumba, muyenera kusamalira kuwala kokwanira.
Dothi la chomera liyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri a peat pa gawo limodzi la loam ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga pa theka la kapu ya manyowa owuma a ng'ombe (onjezerani zosakaniza zodulira ndulu iliyonse).
Sungani chinyezi chadothi kuti chikhale gimenokallis kwa nthawi yayitali. Komanso, chomera chomera nthawi yakula (kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira) chimadyetsedwa pamwezi ndi feteleza wabwino.
M'nyengo yozizira, sungani maluwa a hymenocallis m'malo abwino kuwilitsa ndikumapereka madzi okwanira omwe sangalole masamba kuzimiririka. Mutha kulima kakombo m'munda. Posachedwa chisanu chisanayambe, onetsetsani kuti mukumba mababuwo limodzi ndi nthaka yoyambira ndikuyiyika m'chipinda chotsegulira bwino ndi peat ndi vermiculite pamtunda wochepera 18-20 ° C. Kufikira masamba atatha kale, ayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Izi ndi mitundu yosiyana ya maluwa Gimenocallis mu chithunzi:
Muyenera kudziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ma subspecies ena sataya masamba awo nthawi yachisanu. Kusamalira gimenokallis kunyumba molingana ndi mitunduyi kumasiyana kwambiri.
Maluwa a Gimenokallis adzakula m'dothi lonyowa ndi madzi okwanira m'malo otentha kapena mthunzi. Nthaka siyenera konse kuwuma. Zomera zimamera bwino chonyowa.
Kulima kwa Gimenokallis
Hymenokallis imafalikira kuyambira kugwa kwa mababu ake ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakula pamaziko a mababu akuluakulu. Pakukula kwa hymenocallis, mbewu ziyenera kusankhidwa bwino. Mababu omwe ali ndi zoperewera komanso zomwe zimakhudza tizilombo ndizofala kwambiri.
Muthanso kukulitsa kakombo ka mtundu uwu mothandizidwa ndi njere - muyenera kuwabzyala pafupifupi masentimita eyiti mkati mwake. Mukamasunga kutentha osatsika ndi 20 ̊̊ ndikuthilira mosalekeza, pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4 mutha kukhala ndi zikutulutsa zoyambirira. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, zikumera ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza. Mwa njira, pali chinsinsi chimodzi chaching'ono chomwe chimawonjezera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa - muyenera kusankha mphamvu yaying'ono, ndiye hemenocallis adzavomera kwambiri kukula.
Hymenokallis nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndikusintha bulb ya makolo.
Gimenokallis festalis (amatchedwanso ismena woyambira)
Amadziwikanso kuti Inca Holy Lily. Gimenokallis festalis ndi masamba, masamba obzala, omwe ndi osakanizidwa a mbewu yosatha ya munda Gimenokallis. Amadziwikanso kuti kangaude wa kangaude kapena daffodil wa ku Peru. Duwa lokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino nthawi yotentha kwambiri - mochedwa June komanso koyambirira kwa Julayi. Panthawi yokhalitsa, gawo lonse la mbewu limafa.
Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira ndi masamba opendekera komanso opindika bwino, duwa limafikira mita imodzi kutalika kwake ndi duwa loyera lonunkhira bwino komanso ma anthers okongola a lalanje. Mafelemu amaundana amawoneka ngati korona pamaluwa.
Mwa njira, kodi mumadziwa kuti masamba a Gimenokallis ndi Ismena nthawi zonse amatsegulidwa nthawi imodzi, molondola kwa mphindi kapena masekondi.
Gimenokallis festalis yoyera
Malo oyera a Hymenokallis festalis ndiofala kwambiri kumadera otentha ndi kum'mwera kwa South America. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kukula kwabwinobwino komanso kukhalapo sikungokhala osachepera 10 Celsius, koma osapitirira 25. Mukamagulitsa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthaka ndi magawo awiri a peat ndi humus. Kutengera ndi zonse zomwe zikukula, duwa limatha kutalika mita imodzi. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera.
Babu yokhala ndi mainchesi osaposa masentimita 10 imayikidwa mukadzala mu nthaka pa 2/3 ya nthaka yonse. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a lamba mpaka masentimita 50 kutalika ndi masentimita 7 mulifupi.
Jimenokallis Caribbean
Carribeokallis waku Caribbean ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wolimidwa m'munda ndi kunyumba. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka ma park, malo owonekera ndi mizere m'misewu ndi misewu yayikulu.
Zimaphatikizaponso hymenocallis, littoralis, expansa komanso chimphona chotentha. Pa chithunzichi - Carribeocallis yaku Caribbean mu mawonekedwe:
Dziko la malirowo ndi Zilumba za Caribbean (komwe dzina la mitunduyo kwenikweni limachokera) ndi kumpoto kwa South America. Ofufuzawo ena adaganiziranso za Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, Virigo, Windward ndi Leeward Islands, komanso gawo la Antilles aku Venezuel, dziko lawo. Carribeocallis ya ku Caribbean imagawidwa ngati chomera chokongoletsera ku Sri Lanka, New South Wales, Bermuda, French Guinea, Suriname ndi Guyana.
Masamba a duwa lachikasu, lalanje kapena loyera ngati chipale chofewa amatha kutalika masentimita 80, ndipo ambulera yamaluwa imakhala ndi maluwa oyera pafupifupi 12. Leaflets ochepa mzere mpaka masentimita 10 kutalika nthawi zambiri amagwera nthawi ya maluwa.
Zomera za Caribbean hymenocallis zimatha kumera chaka chonse, ngakhale nthawi zina zimatha kupereka dzimbiri lopweteka, mawanga achikasu. Njira yokhayo yolondola pankhaniyi ndikuchotsa masamba omwe ali ndi matenda. Zimamasamba nthawi yozizira, zimachitika kuti ngakhale katatu pachaka.
Zosiyanasiyana izi, kuposa china chilichonse, zimafunikira kuthirira komanso kuyatsa. Mukabzala, babuyo amayenera kuyikamo dothi lonse lapansi.
Maluwa a arachnid amatha kutsegulira madzulo aliwonse (ndipo nthawi yomweyo) ndikupereka fungo lovuta, lomwe limakuliraku mbandakucha ndikusowa pafupi ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Ngakhale maluwa amatenga nthawi yochepa (pafupi masiku awiri ndi atatu), maluwa omwe amatulutsa okha amatenga masiku khumi.
Gymenokallis Caribbean ndi yosavuta kusamalira - amalekerera dzuwa mwachangu ndi kuwala kowala (monga pang'ono pang'ono mthunzi), monga malo achinyontho komanso amafunika madzi ambiri, amakonda kuyatsidwa kwambiri. Dothi lonyowa, koma limatha kukula mwakachetechete komanso mwabwinobwino. Sakufuna kudulira, ndikokwanira kungotola masamba achikasu ndi opuwala, komanso kuti duwa lake likhale loyera.
Ngati mulibe pachimake hymenocallis
Ngati zonse zomwe mukuyesetsa sizikuchita bwino ndipo hymenocallis yanu siyikutulutsa, ndiye kuti izi zitha kutanthauza izi:
- izi zikutanthauza kuti simunapereke nthawi yopuma ya gimenokallis;
- Simunasankhe kuwala kokwanira;
- ozizira kwambiri m'chipindacho;
- sanadyetse mbewu pachaka chatha.
Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi
Monga mitundu ina yambiri ya banja la Amarelid, maluwa a Gimenokallis ali ndi ma alkaloids osiyanasiyana, omwe, akakumana, amatha kuyambitsa ziwengo. Timalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa kapena khungu lozama kwambiri asakhudze duwa kapena kulilawa. Mababu ake amakhalanso ndi poizoni - amatha kuyambitsa kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba ndi mseru.
Mtengowo ndi gawo la dambo lonyowa ndipo umathandizira kukoka matope komanso kusefa madzi.
