Atangomaliza kulima m'maluwa ndi anthu ochiritsira osatcha munthu - - zesulka, mtengo wa thundu, udzu wanthawi zonse. Ma eyebright adatchuka kwambiri makamaka chifukwa cha machiritso ake matenda osiyanasiyana amaso. Koma maluso ake okongoletsa amayenera kusamaliridwa kwambiri.
"Daisies" zolakwika, zomwe zikayang'aniridwa posadzakhala mabasiketi ayi, koma maluwa okongola okhala ndi chofiyira chosemedwa, maluwa obiriwira osazolowereka omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma whorls komanso ma bogeys ochulukirapo odabwitsa ndi osangalatsa. Mwachinsinsi komanso chowoneka bwino ndi chikhalidwe ichi chimatha kupikisana ndi aquilegia. Ndipo ngakhale mphaka ya m'maso ndi ntchentche, sichingakhale chojambula chilichonse pakupanga makampani omwe amapanga makasitomala.
Maso (Euphrasia). © marianneZoposa chomera chokha chokha
MasoEuphrasia) m'njira zambiri sitingatchedwa udzu wamba pachaka. Chomerachi chimapezeka zachilengedwe zokha m'malo opanda malo okhala ndi dothi losauka - mchenga, mchenga, malo opanda mapiri ndi mapiri. Chikhalidwe ichi ndichokhudza mtima, chopatsa ulemu komanso chokongola kwambiri. Ndipo mawonekedwe. Kupatula apo, wogwira ndi maso adapangidwa kuti apange nyimbo zomwe zidapangidwa mwachilengedwe. Ngakhale iye m'mundamo akuwoneka wamtchire, wosadabwitsa.
Ma eyebright amapanga tchire tating'ono tambiri, osapitirira 10-30c. Koma ndiwotupa kwambiri, ndipo amadyera ali m'makoma akuda kwambiri kotero kuti kukula kwakung'ono kumalipiridwa ndi kukongola kwa makatani. Masamba amapezeka moyang'anizana ndi mitolo yazing'ono, ma whorls, yaying'ono, yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa seva.
Ma inflorescence a eyebright ndi zovuta kupanga, koma okongola kwambiri. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono, mpaka 5 mm amagonjetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe asymmetric okhala ndi milomo yayikulu, yokongoletsedwa ndi mabala akulu. Kuchokera kutali, zimawoneka ngati kuti loboti pafupi ndi mabedi a maluwa ndi mabango oonda. Koma mukaonetsetsa, pali mayanjano ambiri ndi ma orchid, snapdragons, nemesia kuposa "daisies" zosavuta. Maluwa okongola amatengedwa mu inflorescence lotayirira, maburashi, osakhala pachimake okha. Ngakhale maluwa ndi mbewu zokha zimakhala zazing'ono, mphamvu zowala, kuwala kowonekera m'mundawo kumawakwanira. Kupatula apo, nsidzeyo ili ngati wokutidwa ndi nyenyezi zowala, zopiringizika.
Maso (Euphrasia). © Paola BattagliaMitundu ya mawonekedwe a eyebright sikuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yosankha. Kuwala koyera-ngati chipale kapena lilac yofiyira - ndizo mitundu yonse. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti zozizwitsa ndizotopetsa: mu mitundu yowala ya chikhalidwe ichi pali china chamatsenga, chodabwitsa komanso chapadera. Ndipo mitsempha yopyapyala pamiyala imangotsindika kukongola kwa maluwa.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kumayambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, chilimwe chikangowulula bwino mawonekedwe ake otentha. Zimakhala nthawi yambiri ngati chilimwe chabwino kwambiri mpaka nthawi yachisanu ikayamba kulowa. Pakupita kwa miyezi yayitali ngati maluwa osazolowereka atamasula mosagwirizana ndi zobiriwira zakuda, mutha kusangalala ndi kukomoka, kanjenjemera kwa wakubayo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamaonekedwe
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yoposa 240 yazomera imaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wamaso, chomera chimodzi chokha chimadzalidwa kuti chithandizire kuchipatala, mafakitale komanso zokongoletsa - diso (euphrasia officinalis), malinga ndi magulu amakono azosiyanasiyana azotchedwa otsegula wamaso ang'onoang'ono (euphrasia parviflora) Nthawi zina pogulitsa mungapeze mita yapamwamba diso lolunjika (euphrasia stricta,, koma chomera chosowa ichi chimakhala ndi kulondola kotero - kusiyanitsa: pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazikhalidwe imagawidwa pansi pa dzina lakale la diso. Simudzapeza magalasi amtundu uliwonse ogulitsidwa, koma kusiyana pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamikhalidwe ya dothi kungapangitse kusintha, kusintha kwamitundu.
Diso limayenda pang'ono, kapena diso limakhala lamankhwala (Euphrasia micrantha, syn. Euphrasia officinalis). © Jean-Paul LesagePakupanga mundawo, ma eye agwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kukongoletsa mapiri ndi mapiri a mapiri;
- kupanga magulu owoneka bwino modabwitsa;
- munjira ndi kukongoletsa zopanda pake, makatani, pansi;
- potengera nyimbo zachilengedwe pafupi ndi dziwe komanso malo osangalalira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma eyebright pakupanga kwachilengedwe kumakhala ndi malire: chomera ichi chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito makapu oyamwa pamizu kuti chilandire madzi ndi michere kuchokera kuzomera zina. M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe a m'maso ndi theka-parasitic, chifukwa chake silibzalidwe pafupi ndi zipatso zakale komanso makamaka udzu wa chimanga. Diso lamaso limayikidwa m'magulu akulu, kutali ndi oyandikana nawo, ndipo nthawi zina limachepetsedwa ndi zopinga zapadera zomwe zakumbidwa m'nthaka. Ndiye chifukwa chake wophunzirayo ndi woyenereradi minda yamiyala: pamenepo, atazunguliridwa ndi miyala, zimamuvuta kuti afikire anansi ake ndi mizu yake.
Omwe amagawana bwino kwambiri m'maso: mbewu zam'munda ndi nkhalango, mbewu za malo
Kukula "udzu wanthawi zonse"
Kusankha malo abwino oti malo owonera m'maso ndikosavuta. Buku la chaka chino sililekerera chinthu chimodzi chokha - dothi lonyowa ndi kusayenda kwamadzi, kugwedezeka mwamphamvu. Ngati mungaponyere malo owoneka bwino pamtunda woyatsidwa bwino kapena wopanda shambalala, angasangalale ndi dothi lili lonse, ngakhale labwinobwino kwambiri. Nthaka yachonde pachomera ichi sichabwino: yang'anani ngodya za mundawo ndi dothi lambiri. Amakonda dothi lamchenga ndi dongo, makamaka ndi acid reaction.
Maonekedwe amaso ndi maluwa achikasu (Euphrasia nankotaizanensis). © Bahamut ChaoKusamalira Maso
Maso sayenera chisamaliro chapadera komanso chisamaliro chokhazikika. Chomera ichi ndi cholimba, chitha kukula chokha. Koma kuti ziwoneke zokongola, ma nuances ena amafunikirabe kusamalidwa.
Popeza euphrasia imabzalidwa patali kuchokera kuzomera zina, ndipo iyoyokha singakoloze dothi, choyambirira, musaiwale za udzu. Nthawi zambiri palibe chifukwa choyeretsa dothi pansi pa chomera: ingochotsani namsongole wamkulu katatu pachaka. Osatulutsa "mpikisano": wophunzirayo azithana nawo popanga chinyezi ndi michere. Njira yokhayo yomasulira tchati ku udzu ndi mulch. Diso lamaso limakonda fumbi lokongoletsa, koma mulch yachomera yabwino. Ingowaza mwanjira yoti apange mawonekedwe okonzedwa bwino, osayera, koma osachotsera namsongole: popanda iwo, euphrasia imakula bwino (akuyenera kufalikira pazomera zina!).
Kuthirira m'maso sikungakhale kolemetsa. Kupatula apo, adzafunika ndi osaka ndi maso (monga chomera china chilichonse chokongoletsera chokha) pakakhala chilala chokhazikika komanso kutentha kwapadera. Koma kuthirira kolimba ndikovuta kuyitanitsa ndikofunikira: mawonekedwe amaso amatha kupita popanda chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zomwe chiwonetserochi sichimafunikira kuvala pamwamba. Zowona ndi maso, ngakhale pamtunda womwe watha, sizibweretsa feteleza wachilengedwe kapena mchere.
Diso la olet (Euphrasia nemorosa). © Peter GreenwoodKuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Monga zitsamba zonse zamankhwala, mbewu zam'munda zamitengo yazomera zamankhwala, mawonekedwe am'maso amawerengedwa chifukwa cha kukana kwake ndi kupirira. Mu chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimamuopseza - nsabwe. Amakonda chomerachi ndipo chimafalikira mwachangu. Zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'maso, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi zonse sikuti kumabweretsa zotsatira (ndipo sizilola kukonzekera zida zopangira udzu) ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga mbande zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Kubalana kwa Euphorbia
Chilimwechi chitha kufalikira kokha ndi mbewu. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zambiri, ma eyel amafunika kufesedwa osati mbande, koma mwapadera. Izi ndichifukwa choti chikhalidwechi, ngakhale chitha kupirira, chimodzichimodzi sichimalekerera chilichonse chosinthika. Ndipo njira yokhayo yokulira ndikukubzale pokhazikika pamalo okhazikika. Ngakhale mutakula mbande, ndikusunga mulu wa dothi m'miphika za peat, mbewuzo zimaphuka nthawi yomweyo ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa m'nthaka. Inde, ndipo apatseni mwayi wokhala maluwa.
Diso limakhala lowongoka, kapena kuti diso lili chilili, kapena diso limakanikizidwa, kapena diso limatuluka. (Euphrasia stricta). © Maria AKwa eyebright, pali njira ziwiri zofesa:
- nyengo yachisanu yozizira, yomwe imachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja;
- kasupe, womwe umachitika mu Epulo-Meyi.
Njira yoyamba ya mbewuyi imakondedwa, chifukwa imakuthandizani kuti mukhale olimba komanso oyambira maluwa. Mbewu zimafunikira kuikidwa chizindikiro, chifukwa ana aang'ono ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta pakati pa mbewu zina (ndizosavuta kuzisokoneza ndi namsongole)
Mbeu zamaso zimabzalidwa mosalekeza, masentimita 0,5 okha, ophimbidwa ndi dothi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amathiriridwa (koma kusungunuka kwa mbewu sikuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo). Zimatha kumera pokhapokha pakuwala, kotero kufesa mwakuya sikungadzetse zotsatira.
