Kulima moyenera kabichi kabichi

Kabichi ndi ndiwo zamasamba zabwino kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kukhala patebulo lathu lodyera chaka chonse. Koma gulu la kabichi lili ndi chinthu chimodzi chachilengedwe. Mitundu yonse imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. M'mapangidwe, kuti muthe kukhala ndi mitu yabwino, yowoneka bwino yaubichi yopanda matenda kapena kuwonongeka pakuyamwa ndi tizirombo, imathandizidwa kawiri pa sabata ndi mankhwala akukonzekera, komanso osavulaza. Chifukwa chake, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudze kabichi nokha! Ndipo muyenera kuyamba ndi mbande zake. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozerani momwe mungakulitsire mbande za kabichi zabwino.

Njira Zosankhira Mbewu

M'madera onse a Russia, kabichi koyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa kamadzala mbande. Kuti mupeze mbande yathanzi, zinthu zakuthupi zimagulidwa bwino m'masitolo apadera. Mukamagula mbewu kapena mbande, onetsetsani kuti mwasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, amalimbana kwambiri ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zakonzeka kale kufesa, ndipo sizifunikira nthawi ndi ndalama zosafunikira. Mukamagula mbewu, chonde dziwani - phukusi liyenera kuyatsidwa:

• mayina osiyanasiyana ndi gulu (koyambirira, pakati, mochedwa);
• kukula dera;
• tsiku lobzala ndikutera mu nthaka (zambiri ndi zapafupifupi);
• pafupifupi nthawi yokolola.

Ndikofunika kulima kabichi nthawi yonse yakucha m'munda wamaluwa, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito pang'ono kubzala kuti mukhale malo ochepera pazomera.

Ukadaulo wokulira mbande za gulu la kabichi uli wofanana kwambiri ku dera lililonse, popeza malo omwe amaumbidwa kuti akhale obiriwira amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ngakhale madera omwe akukula. Chifukwa chake, tekinoloje yomwe ikufunikirayi sikungoyang'ana mtundu wa kabichi (kabichi yoyera, kohlrabi, Savoy ndi ena), koma pokhapokha pakukula mbande. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakusamalira kumayambira ndikukhazikika kosatha, makamaka potseguka.

Kodi mphamvu ya kabichi mbande ingakhale yotani?

Kabichi ili ndi masamba osalala, owonongeka mosavuta, choncho muyenera kuganizira pasadakhale momwe mudzakulire mbande:

• osatola;
• ndi chisankho;
• mumagulu osiyana;
• m'mabokosi, etc.

Popeza kufalikira kwa masamba achichepere, ndibwino kuti kabichi imere chomera chimodzi mumipando yopanda mbiya. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kulima kuzifutsa kumakhala ndiubwino nthawi zina. Ngati mbande yofesedwa koyambirira ndipo chifukwa cha nyengoyo silingasinthidwe nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti kutola kumaletsa kukula kwa mbewu. Mbande ndi squat, yokhala ndi phesi lakuongoka. Imasuntha mosavuta chotsatira chotsatira kupita ku mabedi.

Mbande kabichi, sabata 1 mutabzala.

Kukonzekera kwa kusakaniza kwa dothi kabichi kabichi

Kwa mbande mumafunikira gawo loyamwa bwino, lopepuka lokhala ndi michere yambiri, yoloweka, koma yopanda chinyezi. Kusakaniza kwa dothi awa atha kuwapeza pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• tsamba kapena sod, monga maziko a dothi. Mitundu yonseyi ya dothi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ofanana;
• wakale wakucha humus kapena vermicompost. M'malo mwa izi, peat yamahatchi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito;
• kupanga friability kuwonjezera mtsinje wa mchenga, utuchi, perlite.

Zosakaniza ndi izi zimaphatikizidwa motere: 1: 2: 1.

Mutha kupereka mawonekedwe osavuta - magawo 20 a turf kapena herbicides oyera dimba, onjezani magawo asanu a phulusa (gwero lalikulu la micro- ndi micronutrients), gawo limodzi la laimu ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga.

Kusakaniza kumakhudzidwa ndikuthira mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yomwe ilipo:

• kuzizira;
• kukhazikitsa;
• chofunda;
• zingwe.

Gawo lomaliza pokonza dothi losakaniza ndikuphatikiza umuna. Urea kapena ammonium nitrate 15-20 g, granular superphosphate 20-25 g, potaziyamu sulfate 10 g ndi 25 g laimu amawonjezeredwa ndi 10 kg ya magawo okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati zosakaniza izi sizikupezeka, 30-35 g nitroammophoski ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zosakaniza za dothi.

Masiku 7 - 7 asanazaze zidebe zofesa, dothi louma pambuyo poti utulutsidwe umachiritsidwa ndi antifungal (mwendo wakuda, bacteriosis, etc.) biologics: phytosporin, alirin, nyumbair, malinga ndi malingaliro. Mu osakaniza wothira, onjezerani kukonzekera kouma "Emochka-Bokashi" kapena ina yomwe ili ndi microflora yopindulitsa. Ma tizilombo tating'onoting'ono othandizira timathandizira kukonza mawonekedwe a nthaka komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwononga microflora ya pathogenic. Kusakaniza dothi mosamalitsa kumapereka mbande yokhala ndi mizu yathanzi.

Werengani zambiri pokonza zosakaniza za dothi m'nkhaniyi: Kodi mungakonze bwanji nthaka kuti mbande ikhale?

Kufesa mbewu za mbande

Madeti ofesa kabichi kwa mbande

• Timabzala mitundu yoyambirira yamabichi kumapeto kwa February komanso koyambirira kwa Marichi;
• sing'anga - kuyambira chakhumi cha Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo;
• pambuyo pake - m'zaka za zana zoyambirira kapena zachiwiri za Epulo.

Nthawi zomwe mbewu zimafunkhira kwa kabichi ndizachidziwikire ndipo zimatengera mitundu, yakucha, kuyatsa, kutentha kwa dera. Mukafesa, onaninso kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mbewu zikukula. Mitundu yakucha yakucha yakonzeka kukolola mu 90-120, sing'anga - 150-170 ndi mochedwa - masiku 160-180. Mutha kubzala mtundu uliwonse nthawi imodzi kapena kubzala kufesa kwa mbewu zamtundu uliwonse ndi masiku 10-12. Kenako padzakhala saladi wa kabichi watsopano pagome.

Mbande za broccoli.

Momwe mungafesere mbewu za mbande

Timadzaza zotengera ndi gawo lokonzekera: mabokosi, makapu, miphika ya peat ndi zina. Bzalani njere mumabokosi m'njira wamba, ndikusiya masentimita 3-4 pakati pa mzere, ndi masentimita 1-2 Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zokhala ndi chisa chimodzi, timayika mbewu ziwiri pakatikati. Pambuyo kumera, chotsani mmera wopanda mphamvu. Kuya kwa kuyika mbewu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 1. Pambuyo pofesa, timaphimba mabokosi ndi zinthu zina ndi filimu, timapanga malo obiriwira.

Makhalidwe abwino a mbande

Kupeza mbande zathanzi, kutentha kwa dothi ndi mpweya mu magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha mmera ndikofunikira kwambiri.

• Kuyambira pakufesa mpaka mbande (masiku 5-7), kutentha kwa dothi m'malo obiriwira osakhazikika kumasungidwa pa + 18 ... +20 ºC, ndi mlengalenga: usiku + 7 ... +9, masana + 8 ... +10 ºC.
• Pambuyo pa mbande, mbande zikakhala ndi masiku 12-15, timatsitsa kutentha kwa nthaka masana kuti + 15 ... +17 ºC, ndipo usiku - mpaka +12 ºC. Munthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa masana mu masana kuchokera ku + 8 ... +10 ºC, komanso usiku + 7 ... +9 ºC.

Kuzifutsa kabichi mbande

Timayika mbande za masabata awiri (gawo la cotyledon kapena tsamba loyambira) mu makaseti kapena mapoto 5x5, 7x7 masentimita, kutengera mitundu ndi kukula kwa mmera. Timakhomera kumizu ya mbande, ndikukumba mosamala m'nthaka kwa cotyledons. Tinatola mbande mogwirizana ndi pulani ya 5x5. Kuyambira posankha mpaka kufinya mbande, timasunga kutentha kwa nthaka usiku +10 ºC, komanso masana + 14 ... +16 ºC. Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi pafupifupi + 7 ... +10 ºC.

Kusamalira Mbewu Yabichi

Kuyatsa ndi kuthirira

Ngati nyengo ili yotentha, mbande zimafunikira zowunikira zina. Kupanda kuyatsa kumachedwetsa kukula kwa mbande. Pakuwala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya fluorescent maola 12 mpaka 15 patsiku.

Nthawi yonse yosamalira gawo lapansi pansi pa mbande iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Kunenepa kwambiri sikuyenera kuloledwa, makamaka pa kutentha pang'ono. Zofooka zofooka za mbande zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola. Chifukwa chake, mbande zisanatuluke zimanyowetsa nthaka kuchokera ku utsi. Pambuyo pake, kuthirira madzi kamodzi pa sabata.

Mbande kabichi.

Kuteteza kabichi mbande ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Nthawi zambiri, mbande za kabichi zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal: mwendo wakuda, mucous ndi mtima bacteriosis, fusarium wilt.

Pofuna kuti tisataye gawo limodzi la mbeu chifukwa cha matenda, timachita zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kuthirira mbande ndi yankho la zinthu zachilengedwe ndi phytosporin, trichodermin kapena planriz malinga ndi malingaliro;
• pukuta dothi ndi mchenga wouma kapena mulch wonyowetsa;
• kuchepetsa pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthirira;
• onjezani kutentha m'chipindacho.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda, mbande za kabichi ziyenera kutetezedwa ku tizirombo. Zoposa zisanu ndi chimodzi zamitundu yawo zimawononga zokolola: utitiri wopachika, ntchentche kabichi, njenjete ya kabichi, kabichi scoop ndi kabichi njereza, aphid kabichi, etc.

Timathandizira mbande zokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe Intavir ndi Fitover mumsakanizo wa akasinja zikaoneka tizirombo toyamba. Pokhala ndi masamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nenjenjete, utitiri wopachika, chokocha, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide, dendrobacillin ndiwothandiza. Mankhwala sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kabichi, chifukwa amakhalabe mkati mwa mutu womwe ukukula wa kabichi kapena inflorescence.

Kudyetsa ndi kuumitsa mbande

Pakakhala vuto losauka, mbande za kabichi zimadyetsedwa gawo la masamba 2-3 ndi yankho la ndowe kapena mullein. Popeza kulibe, woyamba kudya zimachitika ndi yankho la 20 g wa ammonium nitrate, 20-25 g wa granular madzi sungunuka superphosphate, 5-10 g wa potaziyamu chloride pa ndowa. Njira yovuta imeneyi ikhoza kusintha mwa kusungunuka mu 10 l lamadzi 30-35 g a nitroammophos. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chomwechi chimapangidwanso mu 10-12 ndi chachitatu (ngati kuli kofunikira) m'masiku 15-20. Mukamadyetsa chakudya chambiri, onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka mbewuzo ndi madzi ndi mulch dothi.

Masiku 12-15 asanabzalidwe, mbande zimawumitsidwa, ndiye kuti, amaphunzitsidwa kuti azitha kupanga kutentha pang'ono, kupezeka kwa oxygen, komanso kuwunikira kowala. Nthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa usiku usiku sikuyenera kupitirira + 7 ... +8 ºC, ndipo masana dzuwa + 14 ... +15 ºC, pamitambo + 12 ... +14 ºC. Pakadutsa masiku awiri musanatseguke, mbande zimapatsidwa 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid.

Kabichi yoyera.

Timasamukira mbande za kabichi panja

Potseguka, mbande zoyambirira zimabzala zaka 45-55 zakubadwa. Zomera zimakhala ndi tsinde lopindika, masamba 5-7 okhala ndi tsamba la monophonic, lopanda mawanga, lomwe lili ndi mizu yopukutira bwino.

Mbande zamtundu wapakati komanso mochedwa - masiku 35-45, okonzeka kubzala, ali ndi 20-25 (20-25) masentimita, masamba 5-6 owona otukuka, tsinde lopindika, mizu yolimba.

Okondedwa owerenga, nkhaniyi ili ndi zinthu zambiri zamagetsi. Koma ichi ndi chiyerekezo chapakatikati. Munthawi zonse, zimakhala zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale ndizofunikira kwambiri.