M'zaka zaposachedwa, quince yatalika kwambiri ndi wamaluwa. Kodi chifukwa chake nchiyani? Mosakayikira, mwayi pamtengowu ndi zipatso zake zabwino, kukhwima koyambirira kwabwino. Zipatso zake zamtengo wapatali zopanga timadziti, ma compotes, zosunga, jams zimapangitsa quince kukhala yotchuka kwambiri. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, komanso zaukadaulo waulimi wa quince m'munda.
Quince, zipatso.
Kufotokozera kwamabzomera za mbewu
Quince (Cydonia) - mtundu wodziwika wazomera zamatabwa a banja la Pinki (Rosaceae) Onani Quince wamba, kapena Oblong quince (Cydonia oblonga) ndi yekhayo woyimira mtunduwu. Mayina odziwika: peppy, osauka, hun, ngakhale, mtengo.
Quince ndi mtengo wawung'ono kapena shrub 1.5-3 m kutalika ndi korona wobala ndi thunthu wokhala ndi masentimita mpaka 50, atavalidwa ndi imvi zakuda kapena zofiirira zakuda, zopyapyala, zomwe zimakonda kutulutsa.
Masamba ndi osiyana, ovoid kapena chowulungika, zazikulu, zobiriwira zakuda pamtunda, zotuwa zatsitsi pansipa. Maluwa a Quince - osakwatiwa, akulu, oyera kapena ofiira, pamafupi omwe adatsitsidwa pang'ono - amawonekera mu Meyi-June.
Zipatso za Quince ndizonunkhira, zozungulira kapena zooneka ngati peyala, mandimu kapena chikasu chakuda, mumitundu ina ndikusintha pang'ono. Thupi lawo limakhala lolimba chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa maselo ambiri amwala, okoma pang'ono, omata, okoma.
Mbewuzo zimakhala zambiri, zofiirira, zakutidwa ndi khungu zomwe zimapangidwa bwino m'madzi. Zipatso za Quince zipsa mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala.
M'masiku akale, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, quince adalemekezedwa monga chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi chonde ndipo adadzipereka kwa mulungu wamkazi wachikondi Venus. Imapezeka kuthengo kum'mawa kwa Russia.
Quince imadulidwa ngati mtengo wa zipatso, yopatsa zipatso zokongola ndi zonunkhira, komanso ngati katemera wa katemera wa nkhungu pachikhalidwe cha nkhungu. Quince imagawidwa ku Caucasus, Crimea, Moldova ndi Central Asia. Quince imafalitsidwa ndi njere, kudula, kuyala ndi kumezanitsa; zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zonse ziwiri zosaphika ndi zipatso zopaka, zakudya, zonunkhira komanso zophika, monga zokometsera za nyama.
Quince, mtengo wowonekera bwino.
Chisamaliro
Pakulima quince, tchire lake, pakupanga ndikudulira, liyenera kukhala ndi nthambi zofanana ndendende ndi dziko lapansi; kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 50 masentimita pamwamba pa khosi lamizu. Tchire siliyenera kuloledwa kufalikira, kuchuluka kwa nthambi pachomera chimodzi ndi 10-15, pomwe 2-3 ndi kuyambira wazaka 4 mpaka 5, nthambi 3-4 ndizazaka zitatu, monga ambiri ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ena onse ndi azaka.
Quince pachaka kudula zaka zisanu zakubadwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono komanso zowonda. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa mphukira zamtundu wapamwamba sikungaloledwe, kumadina pokhapokha ngati kuwonekera kapena kuduladula impso. Izi zimachitika bwino mchaka, chifukwa kudulira nthawi yophukira kumachepetsa kuuma kwa nthawi yachisanu. Wofowoka nthambi mogwirizana ndi nthaka kudula lililonse masika.
Kukolola kwa Quince kumayambira m'zaka zitatu za Seputembala, mpaka m'dzinja. Zipatso zazikulu, zokhwima bwino zimasungidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa February pamawonekedwe a + 2 ... + 3 ° C.
Quince nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa kasupe asanaonekere chobiriwira chobiriwira pa impso.
Kukula quince ku mbewu
Ngati palibe zinthu zobzala, ndiye kuti mukukula quince, mutha kusankha mbewu zazikulu kwambiri zokhwima bwino kuchokera pazipatsozo, kuziyika mumchenga wonyowa kumayambiriro kwa February (mbali zitatu za mchenga wosambitsidwa 1 mbali imodzi ya mbewu) ndi pafupi 2- mufiriji wamba Miyezi 2,5 sungani thumba la pulasitiki lokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi msomali kuti mpweya udutse.
Quince amakonda kufesa koyambirira m'nthaka yachonde, makamaka osati acidic (pH osapitirira 6-7). Nthaka yabwino imathandizira kumera bwino kwa njere, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, mbande imafika kutalika kwa 40-50 cm.
Quince mbande zomwe zimapezeka m'dzinja zimasunthidwa kumalo okhazikika ndipo sizinabzalidwe pozama momwe zimakula chaka choyamba. Kutalika pakati pa mbewu ndi 0,5-1 m, pakati pa mizere 2-3 mamita Pakabzala, sankhani malo omwe amatetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo.
Kusungidwa kwa chisanu kumapereka gawo lalikulu: zishango zazing'ono zimayikidwa, nthambi za spruce zimayikidwa, nthawi yozizira unyinji wa nthambi, pokhala pansi pa chisanu, zimalekerera kuzirala kozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, nthambi za quince zimafa chifukwa cha chisanu ngati sizikhala pamwamba pa chipale chofewa.
Quince, zipatso.
Zofunikira za chilengedwe
Kutentha
Quince ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda kutentha, koma poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe zina zakumwera, imakhala yozizira kwambiri. Quince kuposa pichesi, apurikoti, chitumbuwa yambiri ndipo nthawi yambiri yophukira komanso yozizira mitundu yamapiri yolimbana ndi nyengo yozizira.
Quince imakula bwino ndipo imabala zipatso pa kutentha pafupifupi kwa 8 ° C. Kuzizira kwa impso ndi kukula kwa pachaka kumawonedwa mu nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa kutentha mpaka -28 ... -30 ° ะก. Kummwera, kuwonongeka kwa chisanu ku impso ndikosowa, nthawi zambiri maluwa amawonongeka ndi masika obwerera masika.
Ofa chifukwa cha maluwa ndi kutentha kwa -2 ... -2.5 ° C mu gawo - mphukira yotayirira. Ndi nthawi yayitali ya masiku 3-5, chifukwa cha kufa kwa maluwa, ngakhale gawo lokhalokha la mphukira, kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka -1 ° C ndikokwanira.
Kuwala
Quince ndi Photophilous, amakula bwino pamthunzi, nthambi zotambasulidwa, zimakhala zoonda komanso zopanda kanthu. Mitengo yotere imaphuka ndi kubereka zipatso mofooka, ndipo zipatsozo zimataya kununkhira kwake kwa "quince", kupindika kwake kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kosalekeza.
Zipatso za quince.
Chinyezi
Chifukwa cha mizu yopanda, quince imafunikira kuthirira, pomwe mitengoyo imasefukira masiku 20-30. Koma amathanso kulekerera chilala, ngakhale zonse chinyezi ndi chilala zimawononga kwambiri zipatso. Thupi lawo limakhala lamatalala, lolimba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maselo a mwala kumawonjezeka. Kusamalira bwino chothiririra mbewu, kuthirira kwa 4-5 nthawi zambiri kumafunikira pakulima ndikuthirira kuthirira kofunikira.
Dothi
Quince sakukhudzika ndi nthaka, kuposa mtengo wa maapozi ndi peyala. Itha kumera ndikubereka zipatso panthaka zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zamchere. Oyenera kubzala mitengo ya quince ndi dothi losakanizira, chernozem, dongo losalala, dongo lolemetsa. Pamiyala yopanda mchenga, mbewu zake sizikhala ndi zipatso komanso zimakhala zazifupi. Quince amagwira ntchito bwino pamtunda wosalala, wothinitsidwa komanso wonyowa.
Maluwa okhala.
Quince kupindika korona ndikudulira
Popeza quince ndijambulidwe, kupendekera kwapang'onopang'ono kumalimbikitsidwira, ndikuwunikira korona wabwino.
Pa mbande zapachaka za quince, tsinde limayesedwa (50-60 cm kuchokera pa katemera) ndipo masamba 7-8 amawerengedwa pamwamba pa tsinde. Chingwe choyamba chimapangidwa ndi nthambi 3-4, zomwe zimatsalira kudzera mu impso mtunda wa 10-15 cm kuchokera kwa wina.
Chotengera chachiwiri chimapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi imodzi yokha yopezeka 30-30 cm kapena nthambi ziwiri zoyandikana - pambuyo pa 50-60 masentimita, ndikupanga nthambi zazikulu. Popewa kupuma, nthambi zikuluzikulu ziyenera kuchoka pamtengo pamalo osachepera 45 madigiri.
Mtengo wazaka ziwiri umayamba kupanga nthambi yayikulu, yomwe imafupikitsidwa ndi 50-60 cm kuchokera pansi. Nthambi zikuluzikulu zotsala zimakonzedwa chimodzimodzi. Woyendetsa amadulidwa pamwamba pa mulingo wa nthambi zazikulu ndi 20-25 cm.
Ntchito yayikulu ya zaka zoyambirira za mapangidwe ndikusankha nthambi zachiwiri ndi zachitatu kuti zikhale zofunikira kuti pakhale maziko a mtengo. Nthambi yoyamba yachiwiri idayikidwa patali 30-30 cm kuchokera pamtengo, wachiwiri - mtunda wa 30-40 cm kuchokera koyamba mbali inayo. Mphukira za kupitiliridwazo zimadulidwa, ndikuzigawa kwa nthambi za dongosolo loyamba.
Pa zipatso zoyambirira, kudulira kumakhala ndi kufupikitsa ndi kupatulira. Pakutha kwa nthawi yonse ya zipatso zambiri, kukonzanso korona pang'ono kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti izi zitheke, nthambi zazikuluzikulu komanso zowoneka bwino zimaduladula nkhuni wazaka 2-3.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya quince
Quince amayimiriridwa ndi mtundu umodzi - quince wamba, womwe umaphatikiza mitundu ingapo.
Zosiyanasiyana za quince
Angerskaya - French quince kalasi. Mitengo ndi yayikulu-kakulidwe, koyambirira koyambirira, zipatso zimapangidwa ndi apulosi. Khungu limakhala losalala, lalanje. Kugunda kumakhala kokhazikika, kuzungulira mtima ndi granerals. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Ilmen -mitengo ndiyopatsa zipatso, yabwino. Zipatso ndizoposa avareji. Khungu limakhala chikaso chowala. Dimbwa limakhala ndi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala, lokoma komanso wowawasa. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Pamodzi - Quince zosiyanasiyana ndizovomerezeka, zosagwirizana ndi chilala komanso nthawi yozizira. Mitengoyo ndi yaying'ono. Zipatso ndizazikulu, zooneka ngati ma apulo, chikaso chowala. Kuguza kwake ndi chikasu chopepuka, chapakati, komanso chopanda maselo a stony. Zipatso zimasungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri.
Krasnoslobodskaya - quince kalasi ya sing'anga yozizira hardiness, zabwino zokolola. Mitengoyo imadzadulidwa ndi chisoti chachifumu chambiri. Zipatso ndizambiri (mpaka 400 g), zopangidwa ndi apulo, riboni, chikasu chowala. Kuguza kwake ndi chikasu chopepuka, chapakati wandiweyani, chowutsa mudyo, chonunkhira. Palibe pafupifupi maselo a miyala. Zipatso zimasungidwa mpaka miyezi itatu.
Teplovskaya - quince kalasi yabwino yozizira hardiness ndi zokolola. Mitengoyo ndi yayikulu-kukula, zipatso pakati, nthawi zina zazikulu, apulo-yowoneka, chikasu. Mphepoyi ndi yowonda, yofungooka, yokhala ndi maselo ambiri amiyala omwe amakhala mozungulira pakati. Zipatso zimasungidwa kwa miyezi 3-4.
Zipatso za quince.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Quince sichingatenge mosavuta matenda ndi tizilombo.
Matenda a Quince
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosasangalatsa kwambiri za quince ndi kufa kwa thumba losunga mazira. The causative wothandizila matendawa ndi fungal matenda. Mycelium imabisala zipatso zouma ndi nthambi zopatsirana. Mawonekedwe a bulauni amawoneka pamasamba, omwe pang'onopang'ono amakula ndikuphimba masamba onse. Nthawi yamaluwa, maluwa ambiri a fungus nawonso amagwera pa manyazi. Pamenepo zimamera, zimalowa m'matumbo aang'ono ndikuwawononga.
Matenda enanso a quince ndiotupa komanso masamba zowola.
Quince Tizilombo
Njenjete. Chovulaza kwambiri ndi njoka ya njoka ndi njenjete yozungulira. Mbawala zawo zimadya masamba a mitundu yonse yazipatso.
Limbanani ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Njira zopewera
- Zipatso zouma za quince zimakololedwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo nthambi zowuma ndi zosweka zimadulidwa kuti zisafe mazira, mawanga a bulauni ndi njenjete za masamba.
- Kuyambira pomwe maluwa ataphukira ndipo mpaka maluwa atayamba, mtengowo umapoperedwa ndi yankho la 0.1% la maziko a msingi waazazole ndi mayankho a 0.15% a dipterex motsutsana ndi kuwola kwa mazira, motsutsana ndi njenjete za masamba-tsamba, ndi zina zambiri.
- Munthawi ya maluwa a quince, solution ya 0.08-0.1 peresenti ya fundazole imapopanitsidwa kuti isawononge thumba losunga mazira.
- Maluwa atakwaniritsidwa, yankho la 1% ya baseazole imathiridwa madzi, koma limodzi ndi yankho la dipterex 0,12%, likutsutsana ndi kuzungulira kwa thumba losunga mazira, kutsutsana ndi masamba am'maso, kuwola kwa zipatso ndi tizirombo tina.
- Ngati yowonongeka ndi oidium, patadutsa masiku 12-14 mutamaliza kuphukira (mutatha maluwa) imakhazikika ndi kukonzekera komweko monga kupopera kumera kwake.
Ndimakonda zipatso za mtengowu, ndipo zonenepa zokha ndi nthano chabe! Ndipo monga agogo anga aakazi amanena, samadziwa munthu yemwe sangathe kulima mtengo. Ngati mungapambane, ndiye kuti mosakayikira mudzapatsidwa mtengo waukulu wokolola mtengowu, osachitapo kanthu kuti unkayesedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chonde! Ndipo ngati mukudziwa kale madera omwe akukula, timvera malangizo anu mosangalala! Chonde siyani ndemanga pankhaniyi.
