Saffron ndi zonunkhira zomwe zimadziwika kwa anthu kwa zaka zoposa 4000. Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa golide wofiyira, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera, womwe sunatsikire kuyambira Middle Ages.
Dzina la zonunkhazo limachokera ku liwu lachiarabu loti "za'faran", lotanthauza "chikasu" ndipo limawonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zonunkhira uku ngati utoto. Masiku ano, safironi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuphika, ndipo mtengo wake umakhala motengera mtengo wa golide, chifukwa mchaka sichipanga matani 300 padziko lonse lapansi.
Saffron zokometsera zonse
Zotsatira zoyambirira za kapangidwe ka safroni zimapezeka penti yojambulapo pathanthwe la nyengo ya Neolithic. Ku Mesopotamia, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira izi ngati chakudya, ndipo Aperisi amapanga mafuta onunkhira komanso mafuta onunkhira otengera safroni omwe ali ndi zida za aphrodisiacs, komanso ulusi wa safironi kuti ukhale nsalu zoperekera nsembe.
Saffron idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuchiritsa mabala anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lankhondo la Alexander the Great. Aroma, kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, adagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zonunkhira ndi utoto wa pakhungu ndi zimakhala. Umboni wa mtengo wapamwamba wa safironi m'masiku akale ndikutchulidwa kwawo ngakhale m'Chipangano Chakale, monga zofukiza, utoto ndi chinthu choperekera nsembe. Kummawa, amonke Achibuda adagwiritsa ntchito safironi kupanga zovala.
Ufumu wa Roma utagwa, chidwi cha safironi chatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka, ndipo chidatsitsidwanso mkati mwa Middle Ages. Ku Europe, zonunkhira zinali chizindikiro cha malo apamwamba pagulu komanso chuma chambiri. M'mabwalo, zovala ndi nsapato zokhala ndi safironi zinali zokongola kwambiri. Ndipo a Henry VIII adaletsa ngakhale anthu ake kuti azigwiritsa ntchito utoto uliwonse kuti azigwirizana ndi mbiri yawo. Maluwa a Saffron, omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ngati ng'ona, adagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ma Bourbons. Palinso tawuni ina m'chigawo cha Essex ku England chotchedwa Safron polemekeza zonunkhira, zomwe zidabweretsa ndalama zambiri ku chuma cha boma.
Anthu a ku Spain ndi omwe anali "oyimbira" kwambiri komanso anali oyamba kubzala popanga safironi wakunja. Ndipo lero, Valencia, Zilumba za Balearic ndi Andalusia ndi omwe ali ndi minda yayikulu kwambiri yazomera izi. Komanso, kulima ndi kupanga safironi kumakhala kofala ku Italy, France, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Greece, China, New Zealand, Japan, USA ndi mayiko a Transcaucasian. Amadziwika kuti m'maiko omwe zonunkhirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya, matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi ndizofala kwambiri.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, malingana ndi malo omwe amapanga, mawonekedwe ndi safiro amasiyana. Safoni yamtengo wapatali kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo ku Spain, popeza ili ndi fungo labwino kwambiri komanso kukoma kwambiri. Koma safironi wa India ndi Greek akhoza "kudzitamandira" moyo wamtali kwambiri. Zonunkhira zopangidwa ku Italy zimadziwika ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Yotsika mtengo ndiye safironi wopangidwa ku Iran.
Saffron nyumba ikukula
Mtengo wokwera mtengo wa safironi chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu:
- Kuvuta kwa kukula.
- Kukoma kosayerekezeka, fungo labwino komanso kuchiritsa.
Saffron ndi chisankho chowuma cha maluwa ofiirira kapena mbewu ya crocus (Crocus sativus). Chomera chimamasula kamodzi pachaka kwa masiku awiri. Maluwa amasankhidwa tsiku loyamba la maluwa kutuluka kucha ndi dzanja lokha. Nyengo ikuyenera kukhala youma komanso bata. Zovuta za maluwa omwe atengedwa nawonso amatulutsidwa ndi dzanja ndikuziwuma mwachangu pansi pano, pamoto kapena pouma wapadera. Kukula kwa zonunkhira mwachindunji kumatengera kuthamanga kwa kuphatikiza kwake ndi kupukuta.
Kuti mupeze kilogalamu 1 ya zonunkhira, manyazi a mazana masauzande a safroni amafunikira. M'chaka choyamba, kubzala kwa maluwa kumeneku kumatha kubala mbewu imodzi mahekitala 5-6, zotsatirazi - m'dera lama kilogalamu 20. Nthawi yomweyo, minda ndiyofunika kukonzanso zaka 3-4 zilizonse, chifukwa nthawi yamoyo yazomera izi ndizochepa kwambiri. Saffron imafalitsa pogawa mababu.
Saffron zothandiza katundu
Mphamvu zapadera za safironi m'thupi la munthu zimadziwika kuyambira kale. Pazochita zake, thupi limatulutsa serotonin, yomwe imadziwika kuti "chisangalalo cha chisangalalo." Izi zikulongosola kuthekera kwake kupulumutsa ku zowawa, kuwawa ndi kukhumudwa. Panthawi ina, azimayi obadwa odziwika adatenga tinfonito ya safironi kuti akwaniritse ntchito. Ndipo, wodziwika bwino kwa aliyense, Cleopatra adasamba masamba a safroni kuti ateteze unyamata komanso mawonekedwe okongola a khungu.
Malinga ndi Ayuverde, safironi ndi yothandiza kwa aliyense. Kununkhira kumakhala ndi mphamvu ya tonic ndikusintha zakudya zama cell a thupi lonse, makamaka magazi, plasma ndi cell cell. Chifukwa cha kulimbitsa kokwanira, ma analgesic ndi kubwezeretsa, safironi wapeza ntchito pochiza matenda opitilira 90. Zimathandizira kutulutsa chimbudzi, kumalimbitsa kupumula ndi ziwalo zam'maganizo, zimawonjezera potency, imapangitsa khungu kusamba. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kubereka, neuralgia, matenda amtima, kukoka, kuyeretsa impso, chiwindi ndi mwanabele, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe.
Mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa ntchito safironi ndi zinthu zake zofunikira popanga mitundu ingapo, ma tincture komanso madontho amaso. Onse antimutagenic ndi anticarcinogenic katundu wa crocus akhazikitsidwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito safroni ufa mkaka, kukumbukira kumakhala bwino ndipo minyewa ya ubongo imakulitsidwa, ndipo ikaphatikizidwa ndi uchi, zimathandiza kuthyola miyala ya impso.
Zonse zofunikira za safroni zimachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake olemera. Chifukwa chake zonunkhira zimakhala ndi thiamine, saffronol, cineol, pineol, pinene, glycosides, riboflavin, flavonoids, mafuta amafuta, chingamu, phosphorous, calcium ndi mavitamini. Ndipo madontho achikasu amaperekedwa ndi carotenoids, crocin glycoside, lycopene ndi beta-carotene.
Saffron adagwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mizere yokhala ndi mapangidwe ake imathandizira kupweteka mutu komanso kuthetsa kusowa tulo. Kununkhira kumatha kuchepetsa njala ndikuchotsa matenda a hangover, komabe, omwedwa ndi mowa amathandizira kuledzera kwambiri.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti safroni ndi njira yabwino yochotsera, zomwe zowonjezera zimatha kuyambitsa poizoni, ndi magalamu ochepa atsopano - zotsatira zakupha. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yamphamvu yantoniki, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake muubwana komanso panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati kumatsutsana.
Maonekedwe ndi kusankha safironi
Saffron imawoneka ngati ulusi wofiirira wofiirira kapena wamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi zikaso zachikaso. Ulusi umodzi umatha kupereka chakudyacho kununkhira kwapadera ndi kununkhira kwakanthawi, kowawa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugula safroni mu mawonekedwe a ulusi, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kunama kuposa ufa. Komabe, "amisiri" awo anaphunzira zabodza, kugulitsa machitidwe achinyengo. Ndipo motsogozedwa ndi safroni ufa, turmeric, maluwa owuma a marigold, kapena ufa wamba wosachokera nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa. Panthaŵi ina iliyonse "chinyengo" choterechi machenjerero amaphedwa.
Simuyenera kugula zonunkhira kwambiri kapena zonunkhira, chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro chosungira nthawi yayitali kapena chosayenera, momwe zinthu zonse zofunika zimatayika.
Kuyesera kukonzekera manyazi nokha sikulinso koyenera. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu yozungulira imasokonezedwa ndi colchicum yophukira, yomwe ndi chomera chakupha.
Saffron zothandiza katundu ndi ntchito kuphika
Saffron imapereka mbale mtundu wa golide, fungo lapadera ndi kununkhira kosangalatsa. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimakhala kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi Middle East. Mmenemo amawonjezedwa ndi mbale za mpunga, nyama, nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba komanso kukonza masupu owonekera.
Mu zakudya za ku Mediterranean, zonunkhira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza sosi ndi sosi zosiyanasiyana. Padziko lonse lapansi, safironi imawonjezeredwa ndi ma muffins, ma cookie, ma cookie, makeke, makeke, jellies, mousses.
Onjezani zonunkhira zagolide ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, khofi ndi tiyi.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito safironi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zonunkhiraazi ndizokwanira ndipo siziphatikizana ndi zina zonse.
Maphikidwe a Saffron
Soseji okhala ndi safironi
Zosakaniza
- Saffron - 2 ulusi
- soseji - 2 ma PC.,
- mafuta a azitona - 2 tbsp. spoons
- anyezi - 100 g,
- adyo - 1 koloko,
- mbatata - 2 ma PC.,
- nkhuku zogulitsa - 200 ml,
- nandolo zobiriwira - 50 g
- mchere kulawa
- tsabola kulawa.
Kuphika
- Saffron imanyowa supuni yamadzi.
- Soseji zimadulidwa, kukazinga moto wochepa ndikufalikira pambale.
- Anyeziwo amawaza, kuwaza ndi kuwaza kwa mphindi 2-3, ndiye kuti amawaza ndi adyo wowaza ndi kuwonjezeranso ndi kuwaza kwa mphindi ina.
- Mbatata zimasenda, kudulidwa ndikuwonjezera anyezi ndi adyo kwa mphindi 5-6.
- Kwa masamba ophika onjezerani msuzi, kulowetsedwa safironi, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa ndi mphodza mpaka mbatata zitakonzeka.
- Onjezani masoseji, nandolo, mchere ndi tsabola ndikupitilizabe mphindi zina ziwiri.
Saffron Halibut
Zosakaniza
- Saffron - ulusi umodzi,
- halibut fillet - 500 g,
- ufa - 30 g
- mafuta a azitona - 30 ml,
- Tsabola waku Bulgaria - 2 ma PC.,
- anyezi - 1 pc.,
- adyo - 1 koloko,
- phwetekere - 1 pc.,
- parsley - 1 h. Supuni,
- mchere ndi tsabola kulawa.
Kuphika
- Dulani masamba osambitsidwa kale.
- Saffron imanyowa m'madzi ofunda pang'ono.
- Halibut fillet ndi mchere, tsabola, yokulungira mu ufa ndi mwachangu mbali zonse ziwiri za mafuta a azitona. Kenako kusamukira ku poto ndikuyika mu uvuni kwa mphindi 10.
- Pakadali pano, mwachangu anyezi, tsabola, adyo, tomato ndi parsley kwa mphindi 5. Saffron ndi kulowetsedwa imawonjezeredwa ku ndiwo zamasamba ndikuwotcha moto wochepa kwa mphindi 10.
- Maswiti olowa amapaka mchere, tsabola ndi kutumikiridwa ndi halibut.
Pie wagolide
Zosakaniza
- Saffron - ulusi wa 4-5,
- mkaka - 60-70 ml (woyikidwa payokha),
- batala - 1 tsp,
- ufa - 130-140 g,
- shuga - 130-140 g (wogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana),
- ufa wowotcha - 1 tsp,
- soda - 0,5 tsp
- dzira - 1 pc.,
- madzi a pinki - 2 tsp
- vanila - supuni 1 (yogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana),
- madzi - 70 ml
- pistachios osankhidwa - supuni 2-3.
Kuphika
- Mu saucepan yaying'ono, safironi imatsanulidwa ndi supuni ziwiri za mkaka, amabweretsa chithupsa ndikuloledwa kuziziritsa.
- Ufa, ufa wowotchera, koloko ndi 100 g shuga amaphatikizidwa mumtsuko waukulu.
- Mu mkaka ndi safironi kuwonjezera mkaka womwe udatsala, madzi otumphukira, dzira, ½ supuni ya vanila, sakanizani bwino ndi kutsanulira mu ufa wosakaniza, mukumalimbikitsa mosalekeza.
- Pepala lophika limadzozedwa ndi mafuta ndipo mtanda womwe umayamba umatsanuliridwa.
- Ikani mu uvuni wokhala ndi preheated kwa mphindi 10-15. Pie yophika amaloledwa kuziziritsa kwa mphindi 5.
- Pakadali pano, shuga yotsalayo imasungunuka m'madzi, yophika ndi vanila ndikuwonjezeredwa.
- Ndi ndodo yamtengo panga zingapo mkati mwa mkate, kutsanulira mu madzi ndikuwaza ndi pistachios.
Saffron Curd Dessert (Isitala)
Zosakaniza
- Saffron - ulusi 10
- tchizi chakunyumba (mafuta) - 2 kg,
- yolks - 10 ma PC.,
- shuga - 200 g
- batala - 300 g,
- wowawasa zonona (mafuta) - 50 g,
- zoumba - 200 g
- zipatso zotsekemera kapena zipatso zouma - 100 g,
- Ma almond osankhidwa - 200 g,
- pistachios wosadulidwa - 100 g,
- cognac - 50 g.
Kuphika
