Musanayambe kuyika dimba kapena mabulosi, kubzala mtengo kapena chitsamba, muyenera kuchita ntchito yoyamba. Kubzala mbewu zosatha sizipanga chaka chamawa kapena nthawi yachilimwe ngati masamba. Kwa osatha, nthawi yodikira mbewuyi imachokera zaka zitatu mpaka 7. Anabzala molakwika osatha - zaka zotayika.
Kubzala mtengo wachichepere.
Kuti mitengo mizu ndi mizu ndikupanga mbeu yake munthawi yake, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yosankhidwa. Mapichesi samamera kumpoto pamalo otseguka, ngakhale osagwa chisanu. Kummwera, ma conifers (mitengo ya mkungudza) ndiovuta kuyika mizu. Musanagone mundawo, muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi diary ya dimba, komwe mungabweretse ntchito zonse zoyambirira (kukonzekera).
Kuti mugule mbande zam'munda, ndikofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale mitundu ndi mitundu, mitundu yomwe ibzalidwe kapena kusinthidwa ndi ana.
Pangani dongosolo lodzala mbande. Mu diary, onjezani chiwembu chodzala ndi dzina la mitundu ndi mitundu. Mitundu iliyonse iyenera kutsagana ndi mafotokozedwe achidule:
- kutalika kwa chikhalidwe, kotero kuti m'tsogolo sichikhala chobisika m'mabowo osakanikirana,
- mtundu wa korona, kuti malo obzala osakukula, makamaka ngati mitengo yayitali, yapakatikati, yopanda pake ndi yozungulira ikhalidwa.
- nthawi yakucha - koyambirira, pakati, mochedwa, monga amasamalidwa, makamaka akamathandizidwa ndi mankhwala, nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Mukafotokoza mapulani oti mudzabzala m'munda mu diary yam'munda, muyenera kuwonetsa mtunda wa mzere ndi mzere.
- Kwa mbewu zazitali ndi zapakatikati ndi korona wakufalikira, mtunda wozungulira ndi mzere kutalika ndi 8-9x10 m, motero.
- Zomwe mitengo ikupezeka kumapeto kwake - 4-5x5 m, motero.
- Mitundu yotsogola - 2x2 m.
Ndikosatheka kusakaniza mbewu zotsika komanso zazitali, ndi korona wofalikira wokhala ndi kanjira komanso phula. Popita nthawi, mbewu zosakhwima ziyamba kufota, chifukwa zidzapatsidwa kuwala, dzuwa ndi mpweya.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo a mbande mu mbewu yoyandikana nayo
Anthu amati, musanagule nyumba, kumanani ndi oyandikana nawo, mumakhala nawo. Kuti mitengo ikhale yosangalatsa pamoyo wawo wonse wobala zipatso, pakuyala dimba, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mbewu (sankhani mnansi).
Anthu oyandikana nawo a mtengo wa apulo ndi chitumbuwa, maula, peyala, quince. Ma Cherries okoma, ma viburnum ndi ma lilac amakhala ndi zokhumudwitsa pa izo. Kwa peyala, oyandikana nawo abwino ndi mtengo wa apulo ndi phulusa la kumapiri. Samalekerera oyandikana nawo a plums, viburnum ndi yamatcheri. Oyandikana nawo okondeka ndi mitengo yamapulosi ndi yamatcheri. Mitengo ya Apple ndi oyandikana nawo abwino a plums. Mapeyala amakhumudwitsa plums.
Kuchokera pa diary yam'munda, sinthani chiwembucho mpaka pamalowo, pomwe pobzala aliyense dzikani mbale ndi dzina ndi zipatso zamitundumitundu.
Ntchito yokonzekera m'munda
Mutadzula mtengo wakale kapena chitsamba, ndizosatheka kubzala mbande zazing'ono malo omwewo zaka zitatu zikubwerazi. Chomera chilichonse chimasiya zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kubzala zatsopano. Nthaka iyenera kupumula pamabzala m'mbuyomu. Nthawi yakudikirira, maluwa azaka chimodzi, masamba, masamba omera, ndi mbewu zina zibzalidwe pano. Mutha kungosiya nthunzi yoyera, kusinthana ndi manyowa obiriwira, kapena munjira zina kuchiritsa dzikolo kuyambira kale ikamatera.
Musanadzalemo mbande, ntchito yonse pakukonza dothi iyenera kuchitika. Dothi lothilidwa liyenera kukhazikitsidwa musanalime mundawo ndi ufa wa dolomite. Njirayi ndiwothandiza kuchita pamalopo onse, koma ndiyothekanso kugawa maenje osiyana.
Apple mmera.
Kusankha ndikukonzekera kubzala zakuthupi
Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka komanso yotseka zikugulitsidwa. Pakudzala yophukira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka, kapena yopanda mizu. Kukhala kosavuta kutsatira momwe zikuyambira ndikukula kwa mizu, kudula mizu, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mbewu kuti ikule mwachangu, ndipo kufalikira kwa mbande zochokera mumipando sikungathe kugwira ntchito mukayamba nyengo yachisanu yoyambirira.
Ngati mbande zidagulidwa koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira ndi masamba, ndiye kuti masamba ayenera kudulidwa kuti mbewuyo isasungunuke chinyezi pomwe mizu yake sinazike mizu ndipo siyinayambe kupereka chinyezi ku chomera.
Mukugwa, nthawi zambiri zipatso zosagwira chisanu zobzala pakati komanso mochedwa mitundu (mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala, yamatcheri) zimabzalidwe. Momwe mizu ilibe nthawi yokwanira ndipo m'dzinja mbande zimatha kuzolowera zatsopano.
Ngati mbande zidagulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (makamaka m'malo ozizira), ndibwino kuzikumba ndikuzisunga kufikira nthawi yophukira ndipo kasupe muzibzale pamalo okhazikika. Mbande zitha kukumbidwa kapena kulongedzeredwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndi mchenga ndikusiyidwa pansi mpaka masika. M'madera akum'mwera, nthawi zambiri amakumba panja.
Zomera zosagwirizana ndi chisanu komanso zosakonda kutentha (mapichesi, ma apricots, yamatcheri, mitengo yoyambirira ya apulo, mapeyala, plums, yamatcheri) zimabzalidwe bwino kwambiri masika. Muyenera kugula mbande zokhala ndi masamba (onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana). Masamba oyamba ndi chizindikiro kumapeto kwa masika masika. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba owuluka nthawi zambiri zimafa, chifukwa mizu imagwirabe ntchito, ndipo masamba amafunikira chinyezi, ngati nyengo yotentha ndi yowuma, ngakhale kuthilira kwamizu sikungapulumutse ku chilala chamlengalenga ndipo mbande zimafa.
Madeti obzala mbande m'deralo
Kutengera nyengo nyengo za m'derali, kubzala mitengo kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Ichi ndi chifukwa, choyambirira, kuti pakhale kusintha kosinthika kwazaka zatsopano kuti zikule ndikukula, ndikuyenera kukonza mizu m'nthaka.
Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera zigawo nthawi zonse ndibwino kubzala mbande mu kugwa mutagwa pa tsamba lalikulu la mitengo yayikulu. Nthawi yayitali yophukira ndi nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yabwino kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Muzu udzakhala ndi nthawi yopanga mizu yaying'ono, yomwe iyamba kuperekera mbewuyo ndi madzi ndi michere, ndipo pamwamba pake pamadzayamba kuzolowera, ndipo sizingachitike mopweteketsa mtima chifukwa cha mvula komanso mvula ya mochedwa.
Kubzala masika kum'mwera sikuletsedwa, koma ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa nthawi yobzala ndi nyengo yamasika. Kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwadzuwa ndi dzuwa lotentha kudzapukuta kuwombera kwapamwamba, ndipo ngakhale kuthirira kosalekeza sikungakuthandizeni. Mmera wadwala ndipo mwina, adzafa kapena angoyamba kupanga chaka chamawa. Pakadali pano, nyengo zanyengo zikusintha kwambiri, ndipo "zokumbukira" zamera zomwe zatsalira pamikhalidwe yatsopano.
Kukonzekera dzenje lobzala mmeraMilandu yakumpoto yomwe ili ndi zipatso zawo zoyambirira komanso yozizira kwambiri panthaka sioyenera kubzala achinyamata. M'dothi lozizira, muzu suyenera "kugwira ntchito". Mizu imafuna kutentha kwabwino pamizere yokhala ndi mizu (osachepera + 8 ... + 10 * C). Zinthu zoterezi kumpoto ndi kuzizira kwapakati kwa Russia kumayambira. Panyengo yotentha, mbande zazing'ono ndi tchire zimayambira mizu, pamwamba pamlingo zimawonjezera pachaka. Kubzala mudzalowe m'nyengo yozizira ndi masamba okhwima bwino. Kumpoto kwa zinthu, mbande zimabzalidwa masamba asanatseguke ndipo dziko lapansi limaletseka kwathunthu kutalika kwadzuwa.
Pakati pa msewu, kubzala mbande za zipatso ndi mabulosi ochita bwino kumayambira mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Chapakatikati, nyama zazing'ono zimabzalidwa masamba asanatsegulidwe, ndipo m'dzinja, pamene dimba lakale limawululidwa.
Malangizo pobzala mbande
Kubzala maenje okonzeka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi musanadzalemo mbande za mbewu zanyengo. Pomaliza sinthani kukula kwa dzenje kukhala muzu wa mmera. Pakukonzekera kotsalira kwa dzenjelo, makoma ake amasiyidwa kuti zigawo za dothi loyambitsidwa lizisakanikirana mwachangu ndi zina ndi mizu kuti zimere mosavuta kunja kwa dzenjelo.
Pogula mbande, muyenera kulabadira mizu yake. Mizu yayikulu ikhale ndi yaying'ono, yopanda malekezero, imayamba kuyamba kukulira ndi chinyezi. Magawo pamizu ayenera kukhala okongola, oyera kapena azithunzi zachikaso, zapinki ndi mitundu ina. Mbewu zouma ndizowopsa kugula. Sangadzuke, ngakhale otsatsa akuwatsimikizira kuti akhoza kuchita bwino. Ngati mbande zotere zimazika mizu, ndiye kuti zikudwala kwa nthawi yayitali, zimasiyidwa chitukuko, kenako ndikupanga mbewu yoyamba.
Ndikofunika kugula mbande ziwiri za chilimwe pakubzala. Amatenga mizu mwachangu, mosavuta kuti agwirizane ndi korona wofunikira. Wamaluwa akuti - zopangidwa pachaka ndi pulasitiki, mbande wazaka 3 - 4 - dongo laukadaulo. Saplings maola 10-20 musanabzike choviikidwa mu yankho la muzu kapena china chothandizira kukula. Ngati mmera wagona, mutha kuwononga njira masiku awiri.
Pansi pa dzenje panali madzi. Pakakuta, miyala yabwino, miyala, mchenga, nthambi zazikulu ndi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mulingo wonse wamadzimadzi umakutidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi.
Dothi lochokera padzenje lomwe lakumbidwa limasakanikirana ndi manyowa kapena kompositi yokhwima. Onjezani 10-15 g / chidebe cha nitroammofoski. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wina wovuta wokhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni. Osakaniza okonzedwayo amathiriridwa mu dzenje, ndikupanga tubercle.
Mmera wa peyala.
Nthawi yomweyo mtengo wamatanda umaponyedwa pakati pa dzenjelo, pomwe umabzala, mmera umamangirizidwa ndi chithunzi eyiti.
Mizu ya mmera imafalikira pamwamba pa tubercle ndipo imakutidwa ndi dothi m'maenje atatu ndipo idatsanulira theka chidebe - ndowa. Nthawi yodzala, mmera umagwedezeka pang'ono nthawi zina kuti dothi limakhala lolimba pakati pa mizu. Mukamwa madzi, kubwezeretsa kumapitirizidwa mpaka m'mbali mwa dzenje. Mukabzala, malo omwe ali ndi katemera kapena muzu wamizu wa mbande zosazunzidwa umayang'aniridwa bwino.
Kumapeto kwa kubzala, shaft 4-6 cm kutalika imapangidwa mozungulira mmera wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 0.5-0.7 m kuti madzi asayende mozungulira malowo. Chidebe china chamadzi chimatsanulidwa ndipo nthaka yothiriridwa imakutidwa ndi mulch osaya mpaka masentimita 10-15. Mulch amatulutsidwira kutali ndi mmera kuti osavunda.
Mukabzala mbande kumtengowo, ndikofunikira kusiya zomangiranazo pamwamba pa nthaka kuti khosi la mizu likhale pansi. Nthawi zonse amakhala pansi pa katemera. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mbewuyo isayambe kukhazikika pansi, m'malo mwa mbewuyo, singapeze masewerawa. Ndikabzala moyenera, mphukira zomwe zidawoneka zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri amachoka (pamilandu yosiyanasiyana) zimayambira za scion zokha.
Mukabzala mbande zosagwidwa (pichesi kwa mbewu, chitumbuwa), khosi lozika pambuyo pokhazikika panthaka liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pansipa. Malo osinthira mtundu wa tsinde kukhala mtundu wa muzu (nthawi zambiri umakhala bulauni) umadziwika kuti ndi malo a khosi.
Mizu khosi ndi scion pa mmera.
Mutabzala 1 mbande yachilimwe ndi mbewu yokhazikika, gawo lakutsogolo limadulidwa mpaka 70-80 masentimita, ndipo gawo laling'ono mpaka 60-70 cm.
Kubzala mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka (mumakontena) kumatha kuchitika kuyambira koyambirira kwa mvula mpaka chisanu. Tamasula mmera mu chidebe, imasinthidwa kupita ku dzenje lokonzekera ndi dothi lapansi. Fizirani kuzungulira ndi dothi lakunyowa komanso madzi ambiri. Nthaka m'mwezi woyamba wobzala nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa ndi kuthirira mwadongosolo. Chisoti chachifumu chomwe chikuwombedwa ndi dzuwa lomwe limakutidwa ndi utoto kapena zinthu zina zowombera pang'ono. Ngati pakufunika kutera kwa chilimwe, sankhani mitambo, ngakhale mvula. Sapsling nthawi zonse amathiridwa madzi, pogona ndi dzuwa, owazidwa mu nyengo youma.
Ngati madzi apansi ali pafupi, ngalande zimapangidwa kukhala 30-30 cm. Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi losakanizidwa. Khoma lodziwika bwino lomwe limakhala lotalika 30-70 cm. Likukhalira bokosi, m'mimba mwake momwe kubzala mmera kungakhale ndi pakati pa 1.0 mpaka 2.0 m. Pakatikati, kukumba dzenje ndikubzala mmera. Zomwe zimakhazikika pamasamba zimachitika ngati bedi lamchere pansi lili pafupi ndi 1.0-1,5 mamiliyoni kuchokera pamalowo.
