Poinsettia - Mfumukazi ya Chaka Chatsopano

Poinsettia (euphorbia wokongola kwambiri), kapena Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi Posachedwa chomera chodziwika bwino kwambiri kunyumba tchuthi cha nthawi yozizira. Kwa pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, "nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi" yatikondweretsa ndi mawonekedwe ake mnyumba mu Chaka Chatsopano ndi Khrisimasi. Zikhalidwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbewu iyi zidabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Europe, koma tsopano zokongola izi zimawonekera m'masitolo athu koyambirira kwa dzinja. Zomera zamkati izi ndizoyenera kusangalala ndi chikondi cha eni ake, makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wautali (ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi kusunga zokongoletsera zokongola kwa zaka zambiri), osadzikuza ndi chiyambi kapena kukongola mawonekedwe ake. Kodi ndi mbewu yamtundu wanji?

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © Janine Russell

PoinsettiaChilatini - Eupohorbia pulherrima, anthu - Euphorbia wokongola kwambiri, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. Chingwe chofiirira cha banja la Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia) wobadwa kudera lotentha la Mexico ndi Central America.

Euphorbia wokongola kwambiri kapena poinsettia - adalandira dzina la Nyenyezi ya ku Betelehemu polemekeza kuti limamasula bwino pa Khrisimasi ya Katolika. Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, masamba omwe amakhala pansi pa inflorescence mitundu ina ndi ofiira owoneka bwino, ena opinki kapena oyera, maluwa enieniwo ndi ochepa.

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © Ken Frederick

Zitsamba mpaka 1,2-3 m wamtali; tsinde ndi losavuta komanso nthambi; Nthambi zake ndizopanda kanthu. Masamba ndi owala-chowulungika, atakulungidwa pamunsi, amawaloza pamwamba, osazungulira, osazungulira, osalala kapena owoneka bwino. Maluwa amatengedwa amtundu wa rosettes; timabedi tating'ono tating'ono. Mabulogu omwe ali pamwamba pa mphukira, lanceolate, ofiira kapena osakhazikika, ofiira owala magazi (pangani kukongoletsa kwa chomera). Chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri.

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © Martin LaBar

Khalenda yantchito

Epulo-Meyi. Poinsettia amazidulira chaka chilichonse mchaka (nthawi zambiri mu Epulo-Meyi). M'mwezi wa Marichi, 1/3 ya zitsinde zimadulidwa (kusiya masamba atatu mwamphamvu pa tsinde) ndikuyika poinsettia pawindo ladzuwa m'chipinda chotentha. Madzi ndi madzi owiritsa pang'ono. Masamba akaoneka, chomera chija chimasokonekera mumphika, wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Gawo laling'ono limakhala acidic pang'ono (pH pafupifupi 6). Itha kupangidwa ndi dongo-turf, tsamba, peat nthaka ndi mchenga pazotsatira 3: 2: 1: 1. Kukhetsa bwino madzi kumafunika. Pambuyo pozika, mbewuyo imayikidwa pamalo otentha (pafupifupi 20 ° C) ndikuyamba kuthiriridwa mokwanira ndikuthiridwa. Posachedwa mphukira zatsopano zidzayamba kuwonekera pachitsamba; mphukira zochepa (5-6 zamphamvu) ndizomwe zimayenera kusiyidwa, ndipo zina zonse zimachotsedwa. Mphukira zowonongeka zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodula pofesa mbewu.

Juni-August. Mtundu uwu wa mkaka umafunikira malo otentha, koma m'chilimwe nthawi yotentha kwambiri imafunika kugwedezeka. Imathiriridwa mokwanira ndi chilimwe, monga chapamwamba pamanzere akomedwa.

Seputembala. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala, ndikofunikira kupirira boma la kuyatsa kwa mbewu: poinsettia iyenera kuchitika mumdima wa maola 12-14 patsiku. Mutha kuphimba poinsettia ndi thumba la pulasitiki lakuda ndikuchotsa m'mawa pokhapokha, kapena mutha kungoika poto pamalo opanda pake. Chitani izi kwa milungu 8, kenako ndikubwezera poinsettia ku chisamaliro wamba.

Januware-Marichi. Nthawi ya maluwa.

February. Pambuyo pa maluwa, poinsettia amatayidwa ndi ambiri, koma ngati mungakonde (ngati mungathe kupirira ndi kupirira) itha kuphulika koposa kamodzi. Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono masamba atagwa, zitsamba zonse zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 10-12 cm kuchokera m'nthaka. Mphika umatsukidwa m'malo abwino amdima ndipo samathiriridwa madzi, nthawi yopuma imayamba. Ndikofunikira kuti mbewu ipumule ndi kuphuka mchaka chimodzi.

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi.

Zinthu zikukula

Kufalikiridwa ndi kudula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa tsinde. Dulani zodula ziyenera kutsukidwa m'madzi ofunda kuchokera ku madzi a chimanga, zouma m'mlengalenga, ndikuwaza magawo pa chomera cha mayi ndi makala opera. Yozika mumchenga kapena chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga pa kutentha + madigiri 20-24. C ndi chinyezi chachikulu.

Poinsettia ali ndi nthawi yayitali. Masamba akachokapo, dulani zimayambira 10 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka ndikuyika mphika pamalo abwino, pamthunzi. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kuthirira. Koma kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, mbewuyo imasinthidwira mumphika wokulirapo ndikuthilira kumayamba mpaka mphukira zitawonekera. Mphukira zowonjezera zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya ma 3-4 okha mwamphamvu. Komanso kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembu ndikofunikira kusamalira mawonekedwe owunikira.

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © Luigi Strano

Chisamaliro

Kutentha: Pabwino kwambiri m'chilimwe amasungidwa pa 20-25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yopumula kutentha pafupifupi 16 ° C, osachepera 10-12 ° C. Kuyatsa: Kuunikira kowala nthawi yonse yozizira ndi chilimwe. Milingo imakonda kuwala kwambiri, koma muyenera kuzolowera dzuwa lowongolera mu nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe kuti pasakhale zotsalazo. Malo abwino okhala ndi milkweed ndi pawindo lakumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Onetsetsani kuti kuunikira okwanira nthawi yozizira.

Kuthirira: Kutsirira pang'ono mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, pafupifupi kawiri pa sabata, kumachepetsedwa mu kugwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira - osowa kwambiri ndi zomwe zili bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya zipatso yabwino, imamwetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira. Madzi othirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito zofewa, chipinda chofunda. Munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, dothi la mkaka silimafota konse.

Feteleza: Munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wazomera zamkati, amavala pamwamba masabata awiri aliwonse. Mitundu yamaluwa yamkaka wamkaka, feteleza wa potashi amagwiritsidwa ntchito; pazinthu zopanda maluwa, feteleza wa cacti angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chinyezi: Milkweed imaletsa mpweya wouma, koma kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda kumathandiza kwambiri.

Thirani: Nthaka - gawo limodzi la tinthu tating'onoting'ono, gawo limodzi lamasamba, gawo limodzi la malo a peat, gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi tchipisi tating'ono. Zomera zazing'ono zimasulidwa chaka chilichonse kapena chaka chimodzi, zakale - zitatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Mavalidwe apamwamba pafupipafupi. Iyenera kudyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira ndi feteleza wathunthu wazomwe zimachitika. Munthawi yakukula ndi maluwa, imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wazomera zam'mimba pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pa mitundu yamaluwa, feteleza wa potashi imagwiritsidwa ntchito; pazinthu zopanda maluwa, feteleza wa cacti angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © Rick Brown

Mlingo wobzala, moyo wautali malo amodzi, kukana chisanu.

Zodula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. Kudula phesi ndi ma 4-5 internodes, chotsani masamba otsika ndikuyika kwa mphindi 15-20 m'madzi ofunda kwambiri. Izi zikapanda kuchitika, madzi a chimanga amadzaza zotengera, ndipo thunthu, silidzazika mizu. Kenako zodulidwazo zimayikidwa mumchenga wosakaniza ndi peat, ndikuzama ndikufundidwa ndi filimu, ndikuyika malo otentha (mpaka 24 ° C). Itha kuzika mizu mu opaque mbale m'madzi opanda kanthu.

Mukazika mizu, mphukira zazing'ono zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yachonde yophatikizidwa ndi masamba, dothi louma, peat ndi mchenga. Muphika amapanga zotungira zabwino. Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu 3-5 mumphika umodzi kuti muthe chitsamba chokongola kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, popanda kuchita zambiri, nthawi yachisanu mutha kupeza maluwa anu owala a "nyenyezi za Khrisimasi".

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © jacinta lluch valero

Matenda ndi tizirombo.

Zomera, kuphimba masamba ndi mame a uchi, zimavulaza chomeracho.

Chifukwa chakuthilira kwambiri dothi kapena kuthirira kosakwanira, kufota masamba kapena kugwa kumatha kuchitika.

Masamba amatha kugwa modzidzimutsa osayamba kufooka kapenanso kutentha pang'ono.

Pokhala ndi kuwala kosakwanira, masamba amawuma ndikugwa.

Ndi mpweya wotentha komanso wouma m'chipindacho, m'mphepete mwa masamba amatembenukira chikasu kapena zofiirira, inflorescence imagwa.

Kupukutira masamba ndi kuyanika masamba ndi ngakhale kufa kwa mbewuyo ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa kangaude.

Masamba amathandizira kuti awoneke ngati masamba opindika.

Mitundu.

Pali mitundu yokhala ndi mabatani ofiira, oyera, apinki, apurikoti, amitundu iwiri.

Poinsettia, Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. © Anne Elliott

Zowonera

Palibe chomwe chimakondweretsa diso nthawi yozizira, panthawi yomwe mbewu zimatulutsa pang'ono, ngati maluwa okongola a "nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi". Poinsettia ndi chowoneka bwino chomwe chimatha kukhala ngati chokongoletsera cha tebulo, kapena ngati chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe mosakayikira chidzaonekere ku maluwa ena amkati m'nyengo yozizira. Atawona kamodzi "chozizwitsa cha Khrisimasi" ichi kuchokera kwa mnzake pa Chaka Chatsopano, sabata yotsatira adathamangira kukagula. Kwa zaka zingapo, poinsettia yakhala ikutikondweretsa ife tchuthi chilichonse cha Chaka Chatsopano.