The herbaceous perennial chomera pyrethrum (Pyrethrum) ndi nthumwi ya banja Astrovidae, kapena Compositae. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 100. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi - mtundu wa maluwa mabango ndi oyera kapena pinki. Zomera zimachokera ku Europe, Asia ndi North America. Chomera choterocho chili ndi dzina lake la sayansi chifukwa chakuti mitundu ina imakhala ndi machiritso, kapena m'malo mwake, imatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi ("pyretos" potanthauzira amatanthauza "malungo, kutentha thupi"). Pakati pa anthu, maluwa oterowo ali ndi mayina ena, mwachitsanzo: chamomile, kalmbi kapena chamomile.
Mawonekedwe a feverfew
Mitundu yambiri ya feverfew ndi osatha. Pakati pa mitundu yambirimbiri yomwe imakhalapo pachaka. Mphukira zokhala ndi nthangala zokhazokha zimatha kukhala zowongoka kapena kukwera, zimakhala zowoneka pamaso pawo. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 0.6-1 m.Zomera zoterezi zimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imatha kulowa pansi ndikufalikira mwa masentimita 300. Masamba otsatirawa amadulidwanso m'magawo ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana. Mbali yakutsogolo kwawo imakhala yobiriwira, ndipo mbali yolakwika ndi imvi. Masamba oyambira azaza petioles; amatalika kangapo kuposa masamba okha. Masamba a tsinde amakhalanso ndi petioles, zomwe zimakhala zazifupi akamayandikira pamwamba pa mphukira. Dongosolo lamabasiketi amodzi limachokera ku 50 mpaka 60 mm, ali gawo la corymbose apical inflorescence. Madenguwo amakhala ndi mabango achichepere am'makomo ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amitundu iwiri, omwe amajambulidwa zoyera, ofiira komanso mithunzi yonse ya pinki. Maluwa amawonedwa mu Meyi ndi June. Chipatsochi ndi mtundu wa utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi nthiti 5 mpaka 10, korona wawo amawongoleredwa kapena kunyamula. Mbewu zimakhalabe zothandiza kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Panja feverfew
Kukula kwa pyrethrum kwa mbewu
Ngati njere za m'mimba zimatulutsidwa palokha, ndiye kuti maluwa omwe atululidwawo sangasunge mawonekedwe amtundu wa kholo. Pamenepa, ngati mukufuna kuti maluwa omwe mukukula akhale amtundu kapena mtundu, ndiye kuti kugula mbewu kuyenera kupangidwira kupendekera mundawo kapena kusitolo yapadera.
Mbewu za mbewu zotere ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, kuti zithetse kufesa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiziphatikiza ndi mchenga. Kubzala kumachitika m'masiku oyamba a Marichi, pomwe mbewuzo zimafunika kuziyika m'nthaka pafupifupi masentimita 0,3-0.5. Palinso njira ina yosavuta kubzala, chifukwa izi zimagawidwa panthaka ya dothi losakanikirana, kenako ndikudzaza ndi dothi lokwanira. Mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti yosemedwa bwino. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi, kenako ndikuchichotsa pamalo abwino ndikuwotcha (kuchokera madigiri 18 mpaka 20). Mbewu yoyamba ikawonekera, pobisalira adzafunika achotsedwa mu thankiyo. Kukhazikika pamiphika kapena makapu amodzi kumachitika pambuyo pomwe tsamba lachiwiri lenileni limayamba kupanga m'mera. Musanayike chofunda pamtunda, chizikhala cholimba kwa masiku 15.
Maluwa otere amatha kubzala mosagwirizana ndi mbewu, koma kum'mwera kokha. Kufesa mbewu panthaka kumachitika m'masiku oyamba a September.
Momwe mungabzala m'munda
Pyrethrum yomwe imakula m'malo achilengedwe imakonda nthaka yachilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, ndikamakula m'munda wamaluwa, adzafunika nthaka yachonde, yotayirira komanso yovomerezeka. Ndikosatheka kumera dambo pamtunda wosauka, wamchenga kapena wouma, komanso malo otsika pomwe madzi samasunganso malo chifukwa chomera chimakumana ndi vuto lalikulu posunga madzi nthawi yayitali, makamaka ngati kuli kuzizira kunja. Malo oyenera kubzala mbewu zoterewa ndi omwe amayatsidwa ndi dzuwa maola ochepa patsiku, ndipo ambiri patsiku amakhala pamthunzi.
Mukabzala pakati pa mbeu, mtunda wa 25-30 sentimita uyenera kuonedwa. Mbedza zobzalidwa zimafunikira kuthirira kokwanira, ndipo masabata 1.5 oyamba kubzala, adzafunika kupendekeka kuchokera ku dzuwa. Ma pyrenium osatha amayamba kuphuka chaka chamawa mutabzala.
Kusamalira feverfew m'munda
Kusamalira feverfew ndikosavuta. Izi osatha ndiabwino kwa iwo omwe samakhala ndi nthawi yosamalira maluwa. Maluwa atakulika atakulika, sadzaopa maudzu aliwonse, chifukwa amatha kuletsa kukula kwawo. Pakutero, kufesa maluwa okhala ndi malungo kumangoyambika kokha kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira, kuti muchepetse namsongole, nthaka ya dothi itha kuphimbidwa ndi mulch (organic). Kuti chomera chikule bwino ndikukula bwino, chimafunika kuthirira mwadongosolo. Maluwa atathiridwa madzi, ndikofunikira kuti amasule nthaka, izi zithandiza kupewa mapangidwe a kutumphuka kwake.
Onse feteleza ndi michere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba. Ndikosatheka kuyesa palrethrum ndi nayitrogeni, chifukwa mwanjira iyi imapanga kwambiri udzu wobiriwira, ndipo maluwa adzakhala ochepa. Duwa limayankha bwino manyowa.
Mphukira za tchire ndizitali, koma osati zamphamvu kwambiri, motero angafune garter. Pamene maluwa oyamba adzatha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mitengo yonse yoyendayenda, osadikirira kuyamba kwa mbeu. Potere, mu masabata omaliza a nthawi yachilimwe, feverfew iyambanso kutulutsa. Popanda kumuika pamalo amodzi, maluwa oterowo sangathe kukhala opanda zaka zinayi. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo adzakula kwambiri, chifukwa maluwa adzaphukira. Chifukwa chake, zaka 4 zilizonse, maluwa oterewa amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziwasinthira kumalo atsopano. Tchire zowokeratu zimalekanitsidwa ngati kuli kofunikira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Pyrethrum imakhala yolimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizirombo. Komabe, nthawi zina, amatha kudwala. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa nthawi zina amadwala ndi fusarium kapena zowola imvi. Nthenda yotereyi monga zowola imvi imayipitsa magawo a chitsamba omwe amakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, chifukwa chake, kuyamwa kwamtundu wonyezimira kumawonekera pamtunda wawo, kusintha kwawo kumachitika, chifukwa, chitsamba chimafa. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwazo zimachotsedwa m'nthaka ndikuwonongeka, ndipo malo omwe adakuliramo ayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la fungus iliyonse. Matenda a Fusarium nawonso ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timalowa pachomera kudzera pamizu, pomwe mphamvu ya duwa imakhudzidwa makamaka. Chitsamba choyambukiracho sichitha kuchiritsidwa, mogwirizana ndi izi chikuyenera kuchotsedwa pansi ndikuwonongeka, chomwe chingapewe kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Nthaka, komanso tchire zotsalira, ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fung fung, momwe mkuwa ulipo.
Masipika, mavu, ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kuwononga mbewu yotere. Slugs amakonda kudya pa masamba a feverfew, ndipo mudzawatenga pamodzi. Kuti muchepetse mwachangu ma slgs, mutha kukopa mbalame kapena hedgehogs patsamba lanu. Nthawi zambiri kuponyera kumangokhala pamankhwala owonjezera kutentha. Ndizosatheka kuzichotsa, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa chitsamba chodzadza ndi tizirombo m'nthaka ndikuwononga, ndipo pamwamba pa tsambalo ndi mbewu zotsalazo ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Ngati aphid yakhazikika pa duwa loterolo, ndiye kuti imalimbikitsidwanso kuchotsa chomera choterocho, ngati mungafune, mutha kuyesa kuchiritsa, chifukwa, chitsamba chimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga: Aktara, Biotlin, Aktellik kapena njira zina zofananira. Monga lamulo, sikutheka kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba koyamba, chifukwa chake kuti muthe kuchotsa tizirombo, muyenera kukonza chomera osachepera 2 kapena 3.
Pambuyo maluwa
Chomera chikazimiririka kugwa, mbali yake yomwe ili pamwamba pa nthaka iyenera kudulidwamo ndi nthaka. Usanadye nyengo yachisanu, pamwamba pamalopo pakuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza mulch (peat) kapena wokutidwa ndi nthambi zowoneka bwino. Mukaphimba mbewu nthawi yachisanu, ndiye kuti sadzaopa chisanu chilichonse. Nyengo yamasika ikakwana, nthambi za spruce zimachotsedwa pamalowo, ndipo mulch imakokedwa, izi zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zibwere pansi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya feverfew yokhala ndi chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Wamaluwa amalima mitundu yambiri ya feverfew. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti duwa loterolo lili ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yamitundumitundu.
Pyrethrum wokongola (Pyrethrum pulchrum = Tanacetum pulchrum)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka kumpoto kwa China, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Northern Mongolia ndi Siberia. Duwa loterolo limakonda kumera mu tundra, pamiyala yamiyala ndi malo otsetsereka pafupi ndi ayezi. Chomera chosatha ichi ndichoperetsetsa ndi theka, posachedwa chimafikira pafupifupi theka la mita, pamwamba pamakhala kupindika, komwe kumakhala tsitsi lalitali. Mphukira zochepa zokhala ndi masamba zowongoka. Ma plates a basal obiriwira amakhala ndi petioles zazitali, amasakazidwa kawiri konse, atha kukhala opanda kapena kukhala ndi pubescence yosowa. Kutalika kwa masamba otere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo m'lifupi ndi mainchesi 2. Masamba a tsinde ndi ochepa. Mabasiketi amatha kukhala amodzi kapena kukhala gawo la inflorescence la 2 kapena 3 vipande. Zomwe mabasiketi amaphatikiza ndi maluwa amtundu wa imvi ndi mabango - oyera.
Plarethrum macrophyllum = Tanacetum macrophyllum = Chrysanthemum macrophyllum)
Komwe kubadwa kwa chomera chadzayi ndi Caucasus. Kutalika kwa maluwa oterewa kumatha kutalika kuchoka pa 1 mpaka 1.5 m.Ulifupi mwake wa corymbose inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10; amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera. Zomera zikayamba kuphuka, mabasiketi ake amasintha mtundu kukhala wofiirira. Duwa limawoneka lalikulu m'magulu akulu, pomwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti aphatikize ndi mapira, mawonekedwe, ndodo, miscanthus, acanthumaceae, ndi mbewu zina zokongoletsa za phala.
Pyrethrum corymbosum (Pyrethrum corymbosum = Chrysanthemum corymbosum = Tanacetum corymbosum)
Mtunduwu umachokera ku Caucasus, Eastern Europe komanso kumapiri a Altai, pomwe umakonda kukula ngati mitengo yobiriwira. Chomera chosatha ichi chimakhala ndi zingapo kapena chimodzi chokha, chokhala ndi mphukira pakatikati, mphukira, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kutalika kuyambira 0,4 mpaka 1.5 mita. ndudu zachotsedwa. Masamba a tsinde ndi ofanana maonekedwe oyamba ndi oyambira, komabe alibe matchuthi atali, pomwe masamba akumtunda ndi apakati sessile, ndipo otsika alibe. Masamba otupa a corymbose amakhala ndi mabasiketi 15-20 okhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Achenes ndi imvi ndipo maluwa mabango ndi oyera. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June.
Cinerariel pyrethrum (Pyrethrum cinerariifolium), kapena Dalmatia chamomile
Kutalika kwa mtengo wabwinobwino kotereku kumatha kusanduka pakati pa 0,15 mpaka 0,45. Masamba amtundu wa siliva amatha kutulutsa kawiri kapena katatu. M'mabhasiketi mahena amapaka utoto, ndi maluwa am'maso - owala achikasu kapena oyera.
Pyrethrum red (Pyrethrum coccineum = Chrysanthemum coccineum), kapena Caucasian chamomile
Duwa ili nthawi zambiri limalakwika chifukwa cha feverfew pinki. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Caucasus. Ali ndi mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi maluwa okhala ngati mabango yopaka utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chitumbuwa chakuda mpaka choyera. Nthawi zambiri pakati pawo pamakhala mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi mabasiketi. Mosiyana ndi pinki ya pyrethrum, ofiira wa pyrethrum amakhala ndi ma masamba a masamba awiri owoneka bwino. M'magawo a chomera choterocho chomwe chili pamwamba pa nthaka, pali zinthu zina zomwe ndi zapoizoni poizoni komanso zopanda vuto lililonse kwa anthu ndi nyama zokhala ndi magazi ofunda.
Pyrethrum roseum kapena Persian daisy
Kwawo kwa mtunduwu ndi Caucasus. Mtunduwu wakula ndi anthu zaka zopitilira 200. Mphukira ndi zowongoka, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala 0,6 mpaka 0,7 m. Mapale obiriwira a masamba obiriwira amakula pa petioles ndipo amasiyana. Zidutswa za tsamba la tsinde sizokulirapo monga zoyambira. Kukula kwa mabasiketi kuli pafupifupi 50 mm, ndi zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu mumabrashi, komanso ndi osakwatira. Mtundu wa maluwa akutumbuwa ndi wachikasu, ndipo mabango ndi pinki. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa hyreidum wosakanizidwa. Mwa mitundu iyi pali mbewu zomwe zili ndi mabasiketi okhala ndi utoto wopaka utoto woyera, wofiirira kapena wapinki. Gulu la ma hybrids Robinsons kusakaniza ndizofala kwambiri, mbewu zotere zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 0.8 m, mainchesi a mabasiketi awo a pinki kapena ofiira ali pafupifupi masentimita 12. Mitundu yotsatana ya pyrethrum hybrid ndiodziwika kwambiri:
- Atrosangvinea. Kutalika kwa tchire kuli pafupifupi 0.6 m, pomwe inflorescences m'mimba mwake imatha kufika 60 mm. Utoto wamaluwa achikasu, ndipo mabangowo ndi ofiira.
- Brenda. Maluwa a Reed ali ndi utoto waku pinki.
- James Kelvey. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.6 m, mainchesi mabasiketi pafupifupi 60 mm. Utoto wa maluwa am'mbuyo ndi ofiira ofiira.
- I.M. Robinson. Maluwa am'munsi amajambulidwa ndi utoto wowala.
- Ma glories a Kelvey. Maluwa a tubular a mbewuyi ndi achikaso, ndipo maluwa mabango ndi ofiira.
- Lord Rosebury. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mabasiketi owonda.
- Vanessa Mabasiketi a terry, pakati pa chikasu ndi convex.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya perereum pinki: pinki, yofiyira, yapinki pinki, yotsika komanso yoyera.
Girl Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum parthenium = Chrysanthemum parthenium = Tanacetum parthenium)
Mwa mitundu yonse ya feverfews yapachaka, mtunduwu umakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Dziko lakwawo ndi Kumwera kwa Europe. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, chomera chotere chimakhala chamuyaya, monga omwe omwe amafotokozera pamwambapa, amalimidwa ndi alimi ngati pachaka. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chowumbiririka pafupifupi theka la mita, ndichophukidwa bwino. Masamba obiriwira kapena obiriwira achikasu amatha kutulutsa bwino kapena kudula kwambiri, pamaso pake. The apical racemose inflorescences imakhala ndi mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono, omwe mainchesi ake ndi 15-30 mm, amatha kukhala a terry kapena osavuta. Maluwa a Reed amapaka utoto wachikaso kapena zoyera. Zovuta zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri m'munda ndi tsamba lachikasu (masamba akulu amakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso, maluwa am'maso ndi oyera) ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati duwa (chomera cha m'malire ichi chili ndi maluwa achikasu). Otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a terry inflorescence a mawonekedwe ozungulira, mwachitsanzo:
- Zilbeoteppih. Mabasiketi otenthedwa ndi oyera.
- Schneebal. Kutalika kwa tchire kuyambira pa 0,2 mpaka 0,25 m, masamba ake ndiwobiriwira, m'mimba mwake mwa kuyera kwa inflorescence yoyera kuli pafupifupi 25 mm, amaphatikizapo maluwa a tubular okha.
- Dahl White. White inflorescence ndi ofanana maonekedwe mabatani.
- Matumba a Chipale, Mpira wa Chipale ndi nyenyezi Zoyera. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi inflorescence yozungulira, yomwe imakhala ndi masiketi okhala ndi maluwa afupi, apakati.
- Virgo. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi mamita 0.8.
- Goldball.Kutalika kwa terry inflorescence achikasu achikasu ndi 25 mm, amangokhala ndi maluwa a tubular okha.
Katundu wa feverfew: kuvulaza ndi kupindula
Zothandiza zimatha kutentha feverfew
M'masiku akale, feverfew idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi, kuchotsa njira zopweteka ndi kupweteka m'malo a mutu. Aspirin ndi feverfew ali ndi zofanana. Pofika m'zaka za zana la 17, asayansi aku England adalengeza kuti mbewu iyi ili ndi machiritso. M'masiku amenewo, anali kugwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala a ululu m'mutu. Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, asayansi aku Britain adazindikira kuti duwa limatha kuthana ndi migraines, yomwe imakhudza anthu ambiri. Ufa wokonzedwa kuchokera masamba a mbewu iyi umathandiza kuchotsa migraines mwachangu komanso bwino kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena. Chowonadi ndi chakuti parthenolide ndi gawo la pyrethrum, zimathandiza kuletsa kupanga kwa serotonin ndi ginini. Amadziwika kuti ndiwowonjezera serotonin m'matumbo ndi ma cell aubongo omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale vuto lodana ndi migraine.
Mankhwala monga Lysurite ndi Metisergide amathandizanso pa migraines, koma akamakamwa, mavuto osiyanasiyana osawoneka amawonekera. Pyrethrum alibe machitidwe oterowo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengowu umathandizira kuletsa kupanga kwa histamine, kumalepheretsa kuundana kwa magazi kupanga ziwiya zam'magazi, ndipo umakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa komanso zotsutsana ndi zotsatira zake. Kufunsira kwa rheumatism ndi nyamakazi, kuukira kwa mphumu ndi ululu panthawi ya msambo zimapangidwa kuchokera masamba. Kuphatikiza ndimankhwala ena, chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa, psoriasis ndi dermatitis.
Zowopsa
Pyrethrum sayenera kumwedwa ndi amayi omwe amakhala ndi mwana ndikudyetsa dothi, ana osaposa zaka ziwiri, anthu omwe amatenga ma coagulants komanso omwe ali osalolera payekhapayekha.
