Chomera cham'madzi Arctotis (Arctotis) ndikuyimira banja la a Astrov. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 70. Zina mwazithunzizi zimapezeka ku dera la Cape, pafupifupi 30 zimapezeka ku Africa kumwera kwa Angola ndi Zimbabwe, ndipo gawo lina limakula ku South America. Dzinali limasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki kuti "khutu la chimbalangondo", izi ndichifukwa choti chitsamba chimakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Arctotis yakhala ikulimidwa kwazaka zambiri.
Zolemba za Arctotis
Mwachilengedwe, arctotis amayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba ndi zomera za herbaceous. Pamaso pa masamba ndi mphukira pamakhala kutulutsa kwakuda kwa mtundu woyera kapena wa siliva. Nthawi zambiri kapena masamba okonzedwa bwino amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okutidwa kapena osawoneka. Mabasiketi owoneka ngati buluzi wofika m'mimba mwake mpaka 50-80 mm, kunja ndi ofanana kwambiri chamomile kapena gerbera. Maluwa amodzi amakhala pamitengo yayitali, amaphatikizira maluwa am'mbali, achikasu, oyera kapena ofiira, komanso maluwa amtundu wapakatikati, wopakidwa utoto, wofiirira kapena wa bulauni. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mipukutu yopakidwa pamizere yamafupipafupi kumaphatikiza masikelo ambiri. Chipatsochi ndi nthangala yofiirira. Mbewu zimagwirabe ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri.
Arctotis ndiwosakhazikika, pachaka komanso kwa zaka ziwiri. Mitundu yosatha m'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira bwino amakula chaka chilichonse.
Kubzala kwa Arctotis poyera
Kulima kwa Arctotis kuchokera ku mbewu
Arctotis itha kukhala wamkulu pambewu, ndipo imapangidwa bwino kudzera mbande. Kukula mbande za duwa lokongola ndikosavuta. Kufesa mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa mkati mwa March, chifukwa adayikidwa mu miphika ya peat ya zidutswa za 3-5. Tengani palletyo ndikuyika pamenepo miphika yonse, yomwe imafunika yokutidwa ndigalasi kapena filimu pamwamba. Mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha pafupifupi masiku 7. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukula mbande za chikhalidwechi mokwanira, popeza ndizovuta kulekerera. Koma, ngati, mwachitsanzo, bokosi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa, ndiye kuti mbande nthawi yopanga masamba awiri enieni adzafunika kufufuta m'miphika, pomwe mbewu zitatu zibzalidwa chilichonse. Mbewu zikakhala kuti zimatalika masentimita 10-12, ziyenera kumanikizidwa kuti zitsamba ndizabwino kwambiri.
Kubzala panthaka ya mbande kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kuwopseza kwa masika obwerera kumapeto kumatsalira, monga lamulo, nthawi ino kugwera theka lachiwiri la Meyi kapena masiku oyamba a Juni. Musanabzale, mbewu ziyenera kuumitsidwa kuti zizolowere zinthu zina. Kuti muchite izi, tsiku lililonse, mbande ziyenera kusunthidwa mumsewu, pomwe kuchuluka kwa njirayi kuyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Dziwani kuti patatha masiku 15 njira zolimbitsira, mbande zikuyenera kukhalabe mumsewu mozungulira nthawi yonseyo.
Maenje akuluakulu amayenera kupangidwira kuwayang'ana mtunda pakati pawo wamtali wa 0.25-0.4 m. Afunika kudutsa chomera mosamala, osayesa kuwononga dothi. Kuti mbande zakula m'miphika za peat, ndiye kuti ziyenera kubzalidwa pamodzi ndi zotengera izi. Zitsime ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi, momwe zimafunikira kuti zikumbukiridwe pang'ono. Zomera zobzalidwa zimafuna kuthirira kwambiri.
Momwe mungabzalale arctotis m'munda
M'madera omwe kasupe amadza koyambirira, ndipo kumatentha kwambiri, ndizotheka kufesa mbewu za arctotis m'nthawi yoyamba ya Meyi. Chikhalidwe ichi ndichopepuka, pankhaniyi, malowa ayenera kukhala otseguka komanso dzuwa. Dothi loyenera liyenera kuthiridwa bwino, ndipo laimu liyenera kukhalapo. Mbewuyi siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe dongo komanso lonyowa. Mukabzala, mbeu zinayi kapena zisanu ziyenera kuikidwa pachitsime chilichonse. Mtundu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arctotis wobzalidwa imakhudza kwambiri mtunda pakati pa mabowo obzala. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa mbewu zazitali, mtunda wa osachepera 0,4 m uyenera kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo pakati pa mbewu zowongoka - pafupifupi 0,25 mamita. Mbewuzo zikafesedwa, pamwamba pa mundawo pamafunika kupendekeka pang'ono, ndiye kuti kuthiriridwa bwino. Mbande zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka patatha masiku 10, ndipo patangotha masiku 10-12 zokha zimayamba kuonda. Ngati mbewuyo iperekedwa mosamala, ndiye kuti imayamba kuyamba kutulutsa pakatha milungu 8.
Chisamaliro cha Arctotis m'munda
Kusamalira arctotis wobzala m'mundamu ndikosavuta, mumangofunika kuthiririra, udzu, kudyetsa, kumasula nthaka, kutsina, komanso kuthira tizirombo ndi matenda, ngati pakufunika kutero.
Chikhalidwechi chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilala, mizu yamatchire imatha kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera pansi lapansi. Pankhaniyi, arctotis safuna kuthirira pafupipafupi. Komabe, pakakhala chilala kwotalikilapo, ndimafunikirabe kuthirira madzi nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka poganiza kuti dothi losungunuka limasavuta kumasula komanso kuluka.
Zakudya zoyenera za mmera sizofunikira. Komabe, pakupanga masamba ndi maluwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti tchire limadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wamafuta ochulukirapo. Zamoyo zodyetsa chikhalidwechi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Komabe musaiwale kuchotsa mabasiketi omwe anayamba kuzimiririka, zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe atsopano a masamba. Nthawi zambiri baka lalitali limafunikira garter kuti lithandizire.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chikhalidwe ichi chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Komabe, nsikidzi ndi nsabwe za m'madzi zimatha kukhazikika patchire. Ngati arctotis wabzalidwe pa dothi lonyowa, komanso nthawi yaygwa mvula yayitali, mwayi wokhala ndi imvi zowola umakhala wokwera.
Kuti muchepetse nsikidzi, tchire liyenera kuchitidwa ndi yankho la mpiru (1 ndowa yamadzi 100 magalamu a ufa wowuma) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuthandizira kumatha kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Aphid ndi kachilombo koyamwa kamene kamadya pamadzi a chomera, komanso ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zonyamula matenda a virus omwe amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mwachitsanzo: Actellik, Fitoverm, Aktara, etc.
Ngati chitsamba chiwonongeka chifukwa cha imvi, chimayenera kuchotsedwa mu dothi ndikuwonongeka, chifukwa matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Tchire zotsala ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la fungicide, mwachitsanzo, Fundazole.
Pambuyo maluwa
Zomera zomwe zimakulidwa chaka ndi chaka zikatha kugwira ntchito zimakumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa yophukira, zinyalala za mbewu ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalowo, kenako kukumba. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, mitundu yonse ya arctotis imalimidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Kumagawo akum'mwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine, ndizotheka kukula zamtundu wamtundu wa chomera ichi, koma nthawi yozizira yokha ndiyofunika kuphimbidwa kwambiri. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, dulani mbali ya chitsamba chomwe chili pamwamba pa nthaka. Kenako pamwamba pa chiwembuchi muyenera kuyikika ndi khungwa, udzu kapena utuchi, pamwamba pa dimba lomwe amaphimba ndi mitengo yopanda nsalu kapena nthambi za spruce.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma arctotis okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Pakati, si mitundu yambiri ya arctotis yomwe imalimidwa.
Arctotis lalifupi (Arctotis breviscapa)
Chomera chamuyaya ichi ndi chitsamba cholimba, kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 15. Dziko lokhalamo mitundu iyi ndi South Africa. Pamaso pa mphukira ndi masamba masamba kumamveka kupindika koyera. Maluwa am'mphepete amitundu amapaka utoto wakuda wa lalanje. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1812.
Arctotis Rough (Arctotis aspera)
Dziko lokhalamo mitundu iyi ndi South Africa. Kutalika kwa tchire kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.4 mpaka 0.5 m.Pakati pamtunda wapakati, mtunduwu umalimidwa ngati pachaka. Kukula kwa ma inflorescence-madengu pafupifupi 50 mm, amaphatikiza ndi maluwa achikasu achikatikati ndi maluwa amiyala yachikasu okhala ndi timabowo tofiirira.
Arctotis stemless (Arctotis acaulis = Arctotis scapigera)
Mtunduwu ndiwosatha ndipo uli ndi muzu wolimba. Kutalika kwa masamba amatsamba a cirrus ndi pafupifupi ma sentimita 20, nkhope zawo zakumaso ndizobiriwira ndipo mbali yolakwika ndiyoyera, chifukwa pamakhala kutsika kwake. Madengu oyambira m'milimita pafupifupi 50 mm, amaphatikiza maluwa obiriwira achikasu achikatikati, komanso maluwa amtundu wautoto wakuda.
Arctotis stochasifolius (Arctotis stoechadifolia)
Mtunduwu umachokera ku South Africa. Chomera chosatha ichi chapakatikati ndimalima ngati chaka chilichonse. Mphukira zamtundu wobiriwira mwamphamvu zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 100 cm, ndipo pamwamba pake ndimakutidwa ndi pubescence, wopangidwa ndi mulu wofewa wamtundu wa siliva oyera. Asymmetric wandiweyani pepala mbale ali lanceolate-chowulungika mawonekedwe, m'mphepete mwa iwo ser serandi ndi wavy. Amapezeka motsutsana, ndipo pamtunda pawo pamamveka kuzizira. Masamba am'munsi ndi opanda tsankho, ndipo omwe ali kumtunda ndi owoneka bwino. Pazithunzithunzi zazitali pamakhala ma inflorescence okongola okha, kununkhira kwawo kumakhala kofooka, koma kosangalatsa kwambiri. Amaphatikizanso maluwa am'maso mwa mtundu woyera-ngati chipale, ndipo maziko ake ndi achikaso chachikasu, pomwe pansi pakepo ndi utoto wofiirira. Ndipo amakhalanso ndi timaluwa tating'onoting'ono tofiirira tofiirira, mkati mwa mtanga amapanga diski ya chitsulo. Pa tsiku lamitambo, inflorescence imatseka. Walimidwa kuyambira 1900. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya grandis: mosiyana ndi mitundu yayikulu, makanema ake a masamba ndiotalikirapo, mabasiketi nawonso ndi akulu.
Msambo wosakanizidwa wa Arctotis (Arctotis x hybridus)
Mtunduwu umaphatikiza ma hybrids ovuta, omwe amatchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Zimapezeka podutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arctotis. Zophatikiza izi zimatha kukhala zatsopano komanso zophuka, zonsezi zimatengera momwe nyengo iliri m'dera lanu. Osati nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amalima mitundu monga: auricular arctotis - mtundu wa maluwa mabango ndi wachikasu wolemera; zokongola - maluwa am'maso ndi amtambo; wokongola, kapena wokongola - wokhala ndi maluwa akulu a lalanje. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri:
- Pinki Akuma. Maluwa ofikira kuyambira pakati mpaka pansi ndi a malalanje achikasu, ndipo kuchokera kumalekezero mpaka pakati - lilac-pinki.
- Mahogany. Maluwa a tubular ndi obiriwira, ndipo am'mphepete mwake ndi lalanje-terracotta.
- Haley. Mtundu wa maluwa mabango ndi wachikaso chowoneka bwino, ndipo pakati pamakhala mabwalo achikuda achikuda achikuda.
- Brick Red. Mtundu wa maluwa mabango ndi wofiyira, ndipo pakati pamtambo ndi wakuda bii.
Zosakaniza za Harlequin ndizodziwika kwambiri mu chikhalidwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
